翻压接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子对植烟土壤肥力的影响

为探究翻压接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子对植烟土壤酶活性及微生物数量等的影响,在烤烟地冬闲时种植接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子(VR)与不接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子(V),并预留不种苕子的冬闲地(CK)。紫花苕子初花期时(生育期187 d)采集植株测定其生物学性状及养分含量,然后全部翻压回田,45 d后种植烤烟。烤烟种植时,冬闲地按照广元烟草公司推荐施肥量,即全量施肥(CF);不接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子翻压并减少20%施肥量(V-20%CF);接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子翻压并减少20%施肥量(VR-20%CF)。烤烟种植前及收获后,采集土壤测定理化性状、酶活性及微生物数量。结果表明:1) 接种根瘤菌能增加紫花苕子的生物量及养分含量,相比不接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子,鲜草产量、干草产量、根产量、总瘤数、株高增加1.3%~50.7%;全氮、全磷、全钾含量增加1.8%~5.0%;氮磷钾积累量增加14.3%~21.5%。2) 测定种烟前土壤可知,翻压接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子能更有效地增加土壤养分含量及微生物数量,与冬闲地比较,全氮、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾增加2.5%~126.6%;蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶活性增加14.6%~82.5%;细菌、放线菌、真菌增加85.3%~236.9%。测定收烟后土壤可知,减少20%施肥量的情况下,翻压接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子能够增加土壤养分含量及微生物数量,与全量施肥比较,全氮、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾增加12.3%~64.1%;蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶活性增加5.4%~67.0%;细菌、放线菌、真菌数量增加65.1%~473.3%。在减少20%施肥量的情况下,翻压接种根瘤菌的紫花苕子能够更有效地培肥地力,改善土壤环境,对实现烟叶生产可持续发展具有重要的意义。     

钝化材料对猪粪堆肥过程中重金属（Cu、Zn）形态转化的影响及其植物毒性分析

采用三级四步连续提取法（BCR）研究生物质炭、VT-1000菌剂2种钝化材料对猪粪堆肥过程中重金属Cu、Zn含量和形态的影响,并探讨其对植物种子的毒性。结果表明：堆肥处理后,猪粪中的重金属Cu、Zn总量会出现“相对浓缩效应”,致使其浓度升高;堆肥处理能促使重金属Zn的形态向活性降低的方向转化,从而降低其生物有效性;生物质炭对猪粪堆肥处理后重金属Cu、Zn的钝化效果较好,对弱酸提取态Cu、Zn的钝化效果分别为27.23%、73.46%;经2种钝化材料处理后的猪粪堆肥对种子的发芽率、根长、发芽指数均无显著影响（P>0.05）,说明经过堆肥处理的猪粪已充分腐熟且对种子的萌发无抑制作用。研究结果提示,生物质炭是理想的降低猪粪中Cu、Zn生物有效性的钝化材料,且有利于降低猪粪堆肥土地利用中重金属污染风险。     

Effects of lncRNA-GTL2 Transgenosis on Gut Microbiota Composition in Mice

This research was aimed to study whether the lncRNA would have effects on the structure and constitution of the intestinal microbial colonies in mice.High throughout sequencing was used to sequence and analyze the intestinal microbial colonies in both transgenic and non-transgenic mice of three months old.We conducted comparison and t-test at the level of phylum and genus.The result showed that transferred into long non-coding RNA genes GTL2 (lncRNA-GTL2),the mouse intestinal microbial colony structure and composition had no significant differences in the overall,within the same gender,but there were individual differences.Therefore,this study didn't find that long non-coding RNA transfered had a significant impact on the intestinal microflorain the phylum and genus level.     

Development of Researching the Synthetical Application of Compound Microorganisms

This article summarized that compound microorganisms had many advantages compared with single strain such as symbiosis, co prosperity co culture, so it can cut down the cost, unchain the feedback repression in fermentation and improve the efficiency of production. It described the resources, constitutes and physiological characteristics of compound microorganisms with examples, which displayed its superiority farther. It is showed that the application of compound microorganisms to the agriculture,industry,medicine and environment variable analyzed etc. The problems lying in the application of the compound microorganisms technology and some views on solving these problems. Compound microorganisms are expected to serve all the fields more and achieve more economic and social efficiency.     

杉木连栽林地土壤微生物的季节动态研究

杉木人工林林下土壤微生物数量,随着杉木连栽代数的增加而减少,表现出一代>二代,一代>三代;而且土壤微生物的组成和生化活性发生了显著的变化。四月到六月间,土壤微生物的数量最多,以后逐渐减少。土壤的氧化代谢能力有明显的季节性变化,春、夏季代谢能力强,秋、冬季较弱。从季节动态的平均水平来看,无论是土壤微生物的生物量还是土壤的氧化代谢活性,都表观出一代杉木林地>二代林地,一代林地>三代林地。     

作物根际和叶围中产几丁质酶微生物的分布及其抑制真菌作用

从几十种作物的根际和叶围分离获得３５０株微生物，其中细菌和放线菌分别为２００株和１５０株。对所有这些分离物进行了抑制真菌试验和几丁质酶活性测定。在抑菌试验中，以棉花枯萎病菌、棉花黄萎病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌，及西瓜枯萎病菌作为供试病原菌，有９６个分离物对其中的一种或一种以上的病原菌有抑制作用，其中１８个分离物对这４种病原菌都具有强烈的抑制作用。在几丁质酶活性方面，１０％的细菌和４０％的放线菌都能不同程度地产生几丁质酶。有些菌株几丁质酶活性强，抑菌作用也明显，有些菌株几丁质酶活性弱，抑菌作用弱或无作用，少数菌株几丁质酶活性强，但却无抑菌作用。用几丁质酶液处理病原菌孢子，其萌发率和芽管长度比对照显著降低     

Effect of effective microorganism and gypsum amendments on nutrient leaching,pH, electrical conductivity,and Okra growth parameters under coastal saline soil

Nutrients losses through leaching are the main problem facing coastal saline soil. Effective microorganisms (EM) and Gypsum (G) at the application rate of 5%G and 10%G by weight were used as soil amendments. The pot experiment aimed to improve the leaching of nitrate (NO₃), ammonium (NH₄) and total nitrogen (TN) on the coastal saline soil. The EM+ 5%G treatment effectively reduced the content of NO₃ and NH₄ in the leachate by 86.59% and 68.18%, respectively. EM treatment reduced the leaching of NO₃ and NH₄ by 70.86% and 62.12% and EM+ 10%G reduced NO₃ and NH₄ by 11.80% and 50.76%, respectively. Moreover, the content of TN in leachate was reduced up to 13.23%, 5.80%, and 2.67% in response to EM, EM+ 5%G, and EM+ 10%G, respectively, compared to the control. These results indicate that EM combined with G as soil amendments can reduce leaching of nutrients and further support the regulation of a coastal saline soil pH and EC.     

基于公海换水的压载水微生物多样性分析

利用高通量测序技术分析了三艘公海交换压载水、一艘近岸交换压载水的远洋船舶微生物的群落组成,共检测出27门、61纲、138目、249科、481属、836种;黄海远岸的压载水样检测到的细菌种类最多,达到564种;东海远岸的压载水样细菌种类最少,只有406种。主要优势类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)占主导地位。假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)为γ-变形菌纲中绝对优势属,分布于各海域压载水样中,同温度和营养盐有一定的正相关性,同盐度、p H有较强的负相关性;蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)是南海远岸交换的压载水样中检测出的优势门类,远高于其它海域压载水样,其所对应的原绿球藻属和浮霉状菌属同环境因子溶解氧(DO)有显著的正相关性,与温度、营养盐呈负相关性;Salinimicrobium是黄海远岸压载水样品独有优势属,与p H和溶解氧呈正相关性,与营养盐呈负相关性;不同海域海洋微生物及其海洋环境对压载水微生物的多样性起决定作用,压载舱独特的环境对压载水微生物有一定的选择作用。依据IMO准则结合本文研究,在公海交换压载水对压载水微生物群落组成结构有很大的影响,且对海洋环境的保护,防止生物入侵和致病菌传播具有重要的作用。     

Effect of soil application of microencapsulated caraway oil on weed infestation and maize yield

This study is aimed to determine the effect of spring soil application of caraway (Carum carvi L.) essential oil (EO) with silicon dioxide (SD) carrier on weed infestation, yield of maize (Zea mays L.), and microbiological soil activity. A two-year field experiment was set up in southern Poland on brown soil. The results showed that SD-EO microencapsulates were effective against dicotyledon weed species. Additionally, during the dry growth season, SD-EO microencapsulates affected the yield of maize (mass of cobs). Soil-applied microencapsulates caused an increase in soil microbiota, especially fungi and actinomycetes, by the end of a dryer season (September 2015). In conclusion, soil application of microencapsulated caraway EO with SD has potential as a natural weed control agent and should be studied further to optimize its dose and term for weed control in maize.     

作物轮作对谷田土壤理化性质及谷子根际土壤细菌群落的影响

采用谷子连作(Si-Si-Si)、马铃薯-玉米-谷子轮作(St-Zm-Si)、玉米-大豆-谷子轮作(Zm-Gm-Si)和大豆-马铃薯-谷子轮作(Gm-St-Si)四种种植模式进行定位试验,研究轮作对土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、谷子产量和根际细菌群落结构的影响。结果显示,与连作相比,Gm-St-Si轮作模式下土壤的pH值升高,碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量增加,土壤过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、纤维素酶和蔗糖酶活性提高,谷子产量显著增加;利用Illumina MiSeq测序技术对谷子根际土壤细菌群落结构进行分析,发现三个轮作处理的OTU数目和多样性指数均高于连作,轮作与连作的细菌群落结构与组成存在明显差异,其中Gm-St-Si处理含有丰富的疣微菌门、酸杆菌门和浮霉菌门,高丰度菌包括Planctomyces、Gemmata、Flavisolibacter、Luteolibacter等。综上表明,大豆-马铃薯-谷子轮作能改善谷田生态环境,提高土壤肥力,促进土壤微生物多样性,使谷子产量增加。