Soil chemical and biochemical properties of a salt-marsh alluvial Spanish area after long-term reclamation

Marisma, one of the largest salt-marsh alluvial areas in SW Spain, has been reclaimed since 1970 by artificial drainage and amendment with phosphogypsum (PG) so as to reduce Na⁺ saturation. Within the reclaimed area, two 250- × 20-m plots were treated as follows: (1) amendment with 25 Mg/ha of PG every 2 to 3 years between 1979 and 2003 (plot PY); (2) like PY but PG treatment stopped after 1997 (plot DR). A contiguous virgin Marisma salt-marsh plot (MV), neither drained nor amended, was the control. In MV, soil microbial biomass C, most enzyme activities and total organic C content were much greater than in PY and DR soils, despite the salinity stress. The decrease in soil organic matter content in PY and DR soils was likely due to cotton-cropping practices, which favoured the organic C mineralisation and nutrients removal by crops. Microbial activity of MV soil, probably stimulated by the rhizodepositions of the natural vegetation, did not suffer from the osmotic effect due to the raising of soil solution ionic strength. Microbial quotient could be ranked as MV > PY > DR, whereas the metabolic quotient had an opposite trend. Thus, both quotients suggested that the interruption of PG amendment was not favouring microbial activity. Principal component analysis clearly identified the chemical and biochemical soil properties mostly affected by the reclamation and also indicated the longer PG amendment in PY plot. Stepwise discriminant analysis identified two physiologically different types of soil microflora, one less active present in the MV virgin soil and another more active present in the reclaimed PY and DR soils.     

影响黑龙江省夏季林火的关键气象因子分析

利用2001～2009年黑龙江省夏季林火资料和同期林区气象观测资料,采用主成分分析方法确定了月降水量和月无雨日数、月平均温度及14时月平均风速是影响夏季林火的关键因子,其中降水量是最重要的影响因子,其次是温度因子和动力因子,夏季的温湿状况以及动力条件是决定夏季林火是否发生的关键;根据温湿因子综合分析发现,夏季林火多发生在暖干型气候背景下,即气温高降水少的月份,而且这种形势下发生的火灾往往持续时间长、过火面积大、造成的损失严重。     

‘金魁’猕猴桃果实品质的主成分分析与综合评价

【目的】为了建立一套适合‘金魁’猕猴桃果实品质评价的方法,并为优质高效猕猴桃园建设与栽培管理提供参考依据,【方法】对奉新县境内15个不同园地的‘金魁’猕猴桃的9个果实品质指标进行测定,应用隶属函数法对各项指标进行转化,采用DPS v7.05软件进行主成分分析,以前3个主成分作二维散点图分析,以主成分贡献率为权重计算样品前4个主成分值与相应权重之积的累加和,得到综合分值。【结果】主成分分析结果显示,前4个主成分的累积贡献率为87.84%,决定第1主成分大小的主要是可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、糖酸比、果形指数;决定第2主成分大小的主要是干物质含量、可滴定酸、固酸比;决定第3主成分大小的主要是维生素C、固酸比、可溶性固形物;决定第4主成分大小的主要是单果质量、维生素C;二维排序图揭示了不同园地‘金魁’猕猴桃前3个主成分的分布情况;15个不同园地‘金魁’猕猴桃果实品质综合评价结果为:MY8、MY13、MY7、MY10综合果实品质较优,MY4、MY1、MY11、MY9、MY6综合果实品质中等,MY5、MY12、MY2、MY3、MY14、MY15综合果实品质较差。【结论】本研究找出了‘金魁’猕猴桃果实品质综合评价的4个主成分,揭示了不同园地‘金魁’猕猴桃果实品质的差异。     

多源卫星遥感影像进行土地利用变化监测

Due to inappropriate planning and management, accelerated urban growth and tremendous loss in land, especially cropland, have become a great challenge for sustainable urban development in China, especially in developed urban area in the coastal regions; therefore, there is an urgent need to effectively detect and monitor the land use changes and provide accurate and timely information for planning and management. In this study a method combining principal component analysis (PCA) of multisensor satellite images from SPOT (systeme pour l'observation de la terre or earth observation satellite)-5 multispectral (XS) and Landsat-7 enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) panchromatic (PAN) data, and supervised classification was used to detect and analyze the dynamics of land use changes in the city proper of Hangzhou. The overall accuracy of the land use change detection was 90.67% and Kappa index was 0.89. The results indicated that there was a considerable land use change (10.03% of the total area) in the study area from 2001 to 2003, with three major types of land use conversions: from cropland into built-up land, construction site, and water area (fish pond). Changes from orchard land into built-up land were also detected. The method described in this study is feasible and useful for detecting rapid land use change in the urban area.     

基于主成分分析的广西林业产业竞争力计量分析

将林业产业竞争力细分为林业产能竞争力、林业资本竞争力、林业技术竞争力、林业市场竞争力以及林业生态贡献力等5个系统层,构建了林业总产值等20个变量指标,运用主成分分析法对2007年广西林业产业竞争力进行了评价研究,并从完善政府支持林业发展的政策体系、加快林业产业结构调整、积极引导和促进产业集聚、吸引国内外高级林业专业技术人员、加快林业产业营销体系建设、创建创新型林业产业体系等方面提出了促进广西林业产业竞争力水平提升的建议。     

敦煌绿洲农业发展动态研究

阐述了敦煌绿洲农业发展的现状及存在的问题,在此基础上运用主成分分析法对敦煌绿洲农业发展的驱动力因子进行分析,进而提出相应的发展对策。     

区域农业可持续发展水平的评估方法及应用

基于已有相关数据，建立了区域农业可持续发展的评价指标体系，提出了区域农业可持续发展水平的定量评价方法-主成分分析法，并对河南农业可持续发展水平进行了评估分析和横向比较。     

主成分分析在大气质量监测优化布点中的应用

主成分分析法(PCA)以少数的综合变量取代原有的多维变量,在原始数据信息丢失最小的情况下,使数据结构得以简化。作者分析了合肥市新站区大气环境监测数据,采用主成分分析法建立空气质量污染特征因子与污染物之间的数学模型,再用该模型计算出各点位相对污染程度,并对监测布点进行分类。以此选出最佳监测点位,可为大气质量监测优化布点提供方法,为合肥市新站区环境质量的分区和分级治理提供理论依据。     

巢湖烔炀河水质空间分布特征及其改善策略

研究巢湖入湖河流炯炀河营养物质(N、P)和化学需氧量(CODcr)的空间分布特征,采用基于主成分分析(PCA)构造的多指标综合评价体系表征了河流水质空间变化趋势.炯炀河各段水质受到流域人类活动和河流自净功能的双重影响.上游炯河段污染最重,其F因子均值为1.03(范围0.05～1.64),主要是由炯炀镇生活污水排放、沿河固体废弃物堆积、农业面源污染等人类活动所致.炀河段水质相对较好,其F因子均值为-0.03(范围-0.08～0.04).炯河、炀河汇合后的炯炀河段水质自上游至下游总体上呈现先变差、后变好的趋势,其F因子均值为-0.30(范围-0.66～0.28),沿途农业面源污染对河水水质产生了显著影响.采用PCA分析对河流各项水质因子载荷大小比较后得出N、P是炯炀河水质的主控因子,第一主成分氮磷营养因子解释了河流水质空间变异的约60％.提出了炯炀河水质改善策略,为炯炀河生态型小流域规划与建设提供可行方案,为巢湖水环境治理决策提供科学依据.     

传感器阵列对浓香型白酒发酵中黄水的检测研究

黄水是白酒在固态发酵过程的副产物,含有大量发酵产物,黄水的成分一定程度反映了固态发酵的信息。基于白酒固态发酵只能在线检测温度这一现状,设计了针对白酒副产物黄水的一种传感器阵列检测装置,用于检测黄水的总酸和残余葡萄糖。该传感器阵列由电导率传感器、pH传感器和氧化还原传感器构成。采用主成份分析、判别函数分析印证了传感器数据对不同样品的区分作用,再采用多元线性回归对黄水样品建立了预测模型,结果显示:该传感器阵列装置对黄水的总酸和残余葡萄糖的预测偏差分别为0.39和0.45。