酸在清香型白酒质量中的关系及其工艺控制

历来固态发酵的白酒生产，受气温影响较大。每年夏季都出现严重的掉排及成品酒质量差的现象。特别是酸的指标升幅尤其高。一直以来，白酒如何安全渡夏，是酿酒行业中一个带有全国性的研究课题。本文旨在根据酸与清香型白酒质量的理论关系，阐述白酒在控酸防酸工艺方面的一些实际操作看法。     

白酒检测工作中存在问题与对策研究

指出了在中国,传统意义上的白酒指的是用固态进行发酵的酒类,这是白酒与洋酒之间很明显的区别,乙醇和水是白酒的原料中最主要的部分,此外,酯类、醛类、醇类、酸类和酮类等也是白酒的成分。这些原料的含量和原料之间的配比混合关系直接决定了白酒的质量。因此,要加强白酒生产中质量检测的管理,以给消费者最好的酒水产品。简述了白酒检测中常遇到的一些问题,并提出了相关的解决措施,为白酒检测工作提供参考。     

杜仲叶渣固态发酵制备有机肥的工艺研究

对杜仲叶渣固态发酵制备有机肥的工艺进行了研究。通过单因素分析了4个主要因素:菌种组合、液料比、葡萄糖添加量和发酵时间对杜仲叶渣中腐殖酸质量分数的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化了杜仲叶渣固态发酵工艺条件,并考察了所制备的有机肥的毒性。结果表明,杜仲叶渣最佳固态发酵工艺条件为:液料比2.0∶1(m L∶g),葡萄糖添加量1.5%,接入白腐菌和康宁木霉复合菌种,发酵6 d。此条件下,杜仲叶渣中的腐殖酸质量分数可达38.31%。毒性试验结果表明,上海青种子的发芽率均达到90%以上,证明制备的有机肥无毒。     

运用Cytb 和12s rRNA 基因鉴别梅花鹿(Cervus nippon)和马鹿(Cervus elaphus)的研究

本研究介绍了运用细胞色素b基因和12s核糖体RNA基因部分序列的系统学和核甘酸距离分析来鉴别降解的梅花鹿和马鹿样品。采用PCR和直接测序技术获得了8份嫌疑样品402bp细胞色素b基因序列,并与来自GenBank数据库27份同源的细胞色素b基因序列进行比对。3份嫌疑样品与梅花鹿的核甘酸距离值相同(0.026±0.006),小于梅花鹿与东部马鹿间最小的核甘酸距离值(0.036)。并且梅花鹿和马鹿的系统学分析表明这些样品与梅花鹿聚为一枝,因此可以推测它们来源于梅花鹿。同样的方法得出另3份嫌疑样品来源于马鹿。该结果被387bp12s核糖体RNA基因序列的系统学和核甘酸距离分析进一步证实。该方法是有效的,花费的时间少,能帮助减少同类野生动物案件的发生。图2表1参13。     

智能多路液体流量监测装置

该装置是在分析了现有众多的流量传感器及检测方法的基础上,对现有产品进行研究,新设计出一种新型、通用化的液体流量监测装置。该装置可广泛应用于石油、化工、食品、医药、科研等领域的计量、监测与控制方面。该装置采用Intel8032单片微控制器,结构设计紧凑、体积小、重量轻、性能价格比高、精度达上0．5％,采用开关电源模块供电。本装置可与多种电脉冲信号输出型的流量传感器如涡轮等配接,可实现16路液体流量的自动巡回检测与数字显示,检测结果可经RS～232C远传到上位机,具有稳定性好,可靠性高,抗干扰能力强等优点。本装置通…     

木家具挥发性有机物现场快速检测采样装置研究

为了实现木家具VOCs的现场快速检测,针对表面平整坚硬的木家具,设计一种表面压合式采样器作为快速检测采样装置,介绍该装置的设计原理和主要结构。采用该装置对50件木家具样品进行快速采样检测,其检测数据与传统气候舱法的检测数据呈现一定的相关性,且复检偏差率小于10%,表明采用该装置的检测数据稳定,满足设计要求,具有可操作性。     

湖北省马尾松天然林同工酶遗传变异的研究

采用丙烯酰胺垂直平板电泳法,对天冬氨酸转氨酶（ＧＯＴ）、丙氨酸氨酸酶（ＡＡＰ）、亮氨酸氨酸酶（ＬＡＰ）、６－磷酸葡萄糖酶（６０ＧＤ）、磷酸葡萄糖变位酶（ＰＧＭ）、莽草酸脱氢酶（ＳＨＤＨ）等 ６种同工酶系统的 １２个基因位点进行了研究和分析,共发现 ３６个复等位基因。结果还表明,马尾松天然群体具有较为丰富的遗传变异性,其多态位点百分率（ＰＬ）为５６％,平均杂合率（Ｈｅ）为０．２８５,等位基因平均数（Ｎａ）为２．２９;有效等位基因平均数（Ｎｅ）为１．４２;马尾松天然群体间的变异量只占总变异量的８．８％左右,而约９１％以上的变异只存在于单个的小群体内的单株间;湖北省马尾松天然群体内存在较为严重的近亲交配现象,近交系数（Ｆｉｓ）平均为 ０．２０２。     

蓝靛果米糠酵素发酵工艺优化及其代谢产物变化分析

[目的]以蓝靛果和米糠为主要原料,开发出一种新型复合酵素,优化工艺过程并研究其代谢产物,以期挖掘蓝靛果等林下资源的巨大开发利用价值.[方法]发酵制备蓝靛果米糠酵素,采用单因素结合正交试验对蓝靛果米糠酵素的发酵工艺进行优化.分析检测蓝靛果米糠酵素的总酸、总酚、总黄酮、花色苷及特征性有机酸等功能性成分及其3种抗氧化参数(D...     

不同加工工艺多穗石柯茶挥发性成分差异分析

为研究不同加工工艺对多穗石柯(Lithocarpus litseifolius)茶挥发性成分的影响,以晾干、炒制和发酵的多穗石柯茶为样品,采用顶空气相色谱-离子迁移谱(HS-GC-IMS)和主成分分析(PCA)定性和定量地对其挥发性成分进行分析.结果表明,共有58种化合物被识别;三维谱图和指纹图谱显示不同加工工艺样品的挥发性成分有差异,多穗石柯叶在不同加工条件下产生热分解和一系列化学反应.HS-GC-IMS与PCA相结合,可快速、灵敏地对样品挥发性成分进行鉴定和分类.     

咖啡果酒发酵菌种筛选及香气成分分析

以咖啡果皮为原料,采用AS2.399、AS2.346、安琪果酒酵母对其进行发酵制备咖啡果酒,综合比较咖啡果酒的酒度、总酯含量、总酸、感官等指标,筛选出安琪果酒酵母作为发酵菌种。通过优化条件得到安琪果酒酵母发酵咖啡果酒的最佳条件为:初始糖度25°Be,发酵温度28℃,酵母菌接种量200 mg/L,发酵时间7 d。在优化条件下进行咖啡果酒发酵试验,测得咖啡果酒酒度为12°,总酸含量1.42 g/L,总酯为2.37 g/L;采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)技术联合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分析,共检测到29种挥发性成分,主要包括醇类、酸类、酯类,以及少量的醛类、烃类和酮类。     

外源添加氨基酸对兽疫链球菌产透明质酸的影响

兽疫链球菌(Streptococcus zooepidemicus)是一种营养缺陷型菌株,其生长代谢需要外源添加各类营养因子。通过在兽疫链球菌发酵对数生长初期外源添加氨基酸的方式研究其对透明质酸生产的影响。结果表明,外源添加氨基酸对透明质酸的生产具有显著的促进作用。笔者初步研究了当添加质量浓度为0.5 g/L时,18种常见氨基酸对透明质酸产量的影响。在此基础上,在18种氨基酸中选取苯丙氨酸和丝氨酸对透明质酸合成进行浓度优化实验,结合细胞生长和代谢产物分析,更进一步研究氨基酸对透明质酸合成的影响。结果表明,苯丙氨酸和丝氨酸添加质量浓度分别为0.5 g/L和0.5 g/L时,透明质酸产量提高最大,与对照相比分别提高了18.05%和17.44%,菌体浓度均没有增加,但是乳酸浓度分别降低了9.93%和15.80%,说明氨基酸的添加不是通过增加菌体量来提高透明质酸产量,而是改变了碳源流向,减少了乳酸积累,使得透明质酸产量显著提高。本研究为高产透明质酸的发酵工艺提供了借鉴与依据。     

A method for routine measurements of total sugar and starch content in woody plant tissues

Several extraction and measurement methods currently employed in the determination of total sugar and starch contents in plant tissues were investigated with the view to streamline the process of total sugar and starch determination. Depending on the type and source of tissue, total sugar and starch contents estimated from samples extracted with 80% hot ethanol were significantly greater than from samples extracted with a methanol:chloroform:water solution. The residual ethanol did not interfere with the sugar and starch determination, rendering the removal of ethanol from samples unnecessary. The use of phenol-sulfuric acid with a phenol concentration of 2% provided a relatively simple and reliable colorimetric method to quantify the total soluble-sugar concentration. Performing parallel sugar assays with and without phenol was more useful for accounting for the interfering effects of other substances present in plant tissue than using chloroform. For starch determination, an enzyme mixture of 1000 U alpha-amylase and 5 U amyloglucosidase digested starch in plant tissue samples more rapidly and completely than previously recommended enzyme doses. Dilute sulfuric acid (0.005 N) was less suitable for starch digestion than enzymatic hydrolysis because the acid also broke down structural carbohydrates, resulting in overestimates of starch content. After the enzymatic digestion of starch, the glucose hydrolyzate obtained was measured with a peroxidase-glucose oxidase/o-dianisidine reagent; absorbance being read at 525 nm after the addition of sulfuric acid. With the help of this series of studies, we developed a refined and shortened method suitable for the rapid measurement of total sugar and starch contents in woody plant tissues.     

黄甜竹笋食醋制作工艺研究

以黄甜竹笋和糯米为原料,采用"原料—预处理—酵母菌、黑曲、醋酸菌同时发酵—降糖—搅拌—过滤—杀菌—成品"工序制作黄甜竹笋食醋,考察醋酸菌、黑曲、毛竹竹叶和毛竹嫩竹蒸馏液稀释液的加入比例对产酸量的影响,以及毛竹竹叶和毛竹嫩竹蒸馏液稀释液加入比例对发酵时间、醋酸得率的影响。结果表明:黄甜竹笋食醋制作最佳工艺参数为酵母0.3%~0.5%,黑曲2%,醋酸菌3%,毛竹竹叶和毛竹嫩竹蒸馏液稀释液加入量为150%,坛内温度控制在25~30℃,前7天每天搅拌一次,之后每3~5天搅拌一次,发酵60天。发酵出来的醋产品色泽淡黄,具有黄甜竹笋和糯米特有的香气,口感细腻,醋味浓稠,总酸含量可达到5 g/100 m L,发酵产酸转化率达到71%,可溶性无盐固形物≥1.1 g/100 m L,总脂为1.1 g/100 m L,还原糖含量为2.2 g/100 m L,氨基态氮含量为0.20 g/100 m L。符合果醋国家标准。     

油茶蒲提取物的抗氧化活性

以油茶蒲粗提物为原料,将其溶于水后用不同的有机溶剂分级萃取,得到乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相及水相。应用Folin-Ciocalteau法测定粗提物及分级萃取各相的总酚含量;同时应用DPPH法、TEAC法、FRAP法和全血体系总抗氧化能力(T-AOC法),以抗坏血酸(Vc)为阳性对照分别测定粗提物及分级萃取各相的抗氧化能力。结果表明:油茶蒲提取物具有较强的抗氧化能力,应用4种方法测定的结果一致,抗氧化能力强弱为:乙酸乙酯相>正丁醇相>粗提物>水相,总酚含量与抗氧化能力间存在较好的相关性。     

板材尺寸自动检测仪的研究

多年来,实现木材自动检测是国内外科学工作者努力想解决的难题之一,其中有"南林－1型"原木直径光电测量仪、瑞典的"雷玛"型、美国的"大气科学"型等,其原理大致采用激光扫描、平面镜反射、抛物镜聚焦、光电管接收的方获得一系列脉冲信号(史伯章等,1979).     

Moisture content and strain relation in wood by Bragg grating sensor and unilateral NMR

The paper describes a low-invasive experimental apparatus designed for the accurate determination of mechanical deformation and moisture content (MC) relationship on macroscopic wood samples. The device is particularly indicated for monitoring wooden handwork whose mechanical deformation is especially critical in relation to its role such as, for example, works of art or architectural works. The MC of wood is measured with a portable single-sided NMR probe and mechanical deformation by a fiber Bragg grating optical sensor. The data obtained are of high accuracy, despite the dimensions of the sample. The methodology provides an effective tool for investigating the dynamic relation between environmental relative humidity, MC, and shrinking–swelling of wood. Adsorption results collected for longitudinal deformation in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) are presented to show the sensitivity of the optical sensor. Interesting findings include the detection of two different mechanisms of elongation and the time evolution of water mobility versus hydration and strain.     

碱预处理玉米芯生物转化L-乳酸

玉米芯经碱预处理后,采用米根霉对其发酵制备L-乳酸,同时考察分步糖化发酵(SHF)和同步糖化发酵(SSF)两种工艺。实验结果表明,水洗碱预处理玉米芯酶水解性能优于未水洗碱预处理玉米芯,水洗过程可显著提高米根霉发酵性能。分步糖化发酵工艺下,米根霉于40℃下发酵48 h,可将含有31.84 g/L葡萄糖、6.38 g/L木糖的酶解液转化为14.65 g/L的L-乳酸,L-乳酸得率为0.29 g/g(以绝干物料计,下同);同步糖化发酵工艺下,米根霉40℃发酵36 h将底物质量浓度为50 g/L的水洗碱预处理玉米芯高效转化为L-乳酸,L-乳酸得率为0.44 g/g。     

基于声信号的供气管道阀门泄漏监测与定位系统研究

对供气管道阀门泄漏监测与定位系统进行基于声信号的研究,结合GPRS/GSM网络平台的长距离传输方式设计出可实现定位反馈功能的系统架构模型。文中详述系统的组成及内部连接方式并对传感器固定装置进行设计,利用不同材质管道泄漏孔声信号频率分析表设计出系统运行过程框图。系统应用的自动化监测模式对管道阀门泄漏监测与定位起重要意义。     

A portable NMR sensor for moisture monitoring of wooden works of art, particularly of paintings on wood

It is proposed the use of a mobile device based on a NMR single-sided sensor for in situ non-invasive determination of the moisture content (MC) of wood items, especially items of Cultural Heritage interest. The MC is obtained through the moisture volume fraction, which is an appropriate quantity for the sensor and corresponds to the fraction of its measurements sensitive volume occupied by water. The device has been used here to track changes in MC of wood specimens caused by changes over time of the environmental relative humidity. The kinetics of water adsorption has been related to results obtained with the gravimetric method. Measurements on an old painting, the Pietà (1516–1517), oil on a poplar wood panel by Sebastiano del Piombo (1485 Venice, 1547 Rome), Civic Museum, Viterbo, Italy, have shown, conclusively, the good sensitivity of the sensor and its capability to behave as a non-invasive and in situ utilizable device. Results of in situ painting measurements show that the NMR sensor can track moisture fluctuations that are outside the sensitivity range and precision of electro-hygrometric approach.     

Topochemical investigation into the delignification of Eucalyptus globulus chips during semi-chemical sulfite pulping

The course of delignification of Eucalyptus globulus fibers during neutral semi-chemical sulfite pulping (NSSC) was studied by universal microspectrophotometry (UMSP 80, ZEISS). UV-investigation into a cellular level enables the topochemical analyses of delignification within individual cell wall layers during cooking. Cooks were carried out in a laboratory seven liter digester with liquor circulation and electrical heating device. Chip samples were taken throughout the cooking for chemical and UV microscopic analyses. UV microscopy analysis revealed for Eucalyptus globulus chips a preferred lignin removal during NSSC cooking in cell corner and compound middle lamella regions.