纳米氢氧化镁对大白菜产量、Cd含量及土壤Cd形态的影响

我国土壤Cd污染日趋严重。本研究探讨了纳米氢氧化镁对大白菜生长、Cd含量及形态、土壤Cd含量及形态的影响,以期为氢氧化镁在土壤Cd污染修复中的应用和蔬菜安全生产提供理论基础。采用大田试验研究了不同施加量(0、150、300、450 g.亩-1)的普通氢氧化镁和纳米氢氧化镁对大白菜的生长、Cd含量及形态、土壤的pH、土壤Cd含量及形态的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,施加氢氧化镁后大白菜产量增加了4.1%~22.3%。施用氢氧化镁后大白菜叶片、叶柄和根Cd含量分别降低了5.3%~19.2%、9.0%~28.1%和3.5%~19.3%,土壤Cd含量降低了8.2%~41.5%。相同施用量下,纳米氢氧化镁处理的大白菜叶片、叶柄和根Cd含量明显低于普通氢氧化镁。施用氢氧化镁使大白菜地上部蛋白质结合态(NaCl-F)Cd含量下降,残渣态(R-F)Cd含量增加,土壤pH值降低,土壤中铁锰氧化物结合态(FeMn-Cd)、有机结合态(OM-Cd)和残渣态(RES-Cd)Cd含量降低。总体而言,NMg1处理大白菜产量最高,叶片Cd含量最低,为本研究最佳处理。     

大学健美教学中健康思想的渗透

所有的健身运动都应该建立在"健康第一"的基础上,教师应该在体育教学中引导学生树立正确的健康思想,尤其是对从事健美运动的学生来说加强健康思想教育更为重要,因此,要把握好健美教学的机会对学生进行健康思想教育。     

Effects of irrigation and planting geometry on cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)fiber quality and seed composition

Background:Cotton fiber quality and seed composition play vital roles in the economics of cotton production systems and the cottonseed meal industry.This research aimed to examine the effects of different irrigation levels and planting geometries on fiber quality and seed composition of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.).We conducted a 2-year study in 2018 and 2019 in a warm,humid area in the Southeast United States on Dundee silt loam soil.There were three irrigation treatments in the study.The treatments included irrigating every furrow,or full irrigation(FI),every alternate furrow,or half irrigation(HI),and no irrigation,or rain-fed(RF).Planting geometries were on ridges spaced 102 cm apart and either a single-row(SR)or twin-rows(TR).Results:The results of high-volume instrument(HVI),advanced fiber information systems(AFIS)and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS)showed that irrigation and planting treatments played a significant role in fiber quality and seed composition.Across irrigation treatments,significant differences were seen in fiber properties,including fineness,maturity ratio,micronaire,neps,short fiber,strength,uniformity,upper half mean length(UHML),upper quartile length by weight(UQLw),and yellowness(+b).Irrigation and planting geometry(PG)had a significant effect on micronaire,strength,and UHML while their interaction was significant only for micronaire.The micronaire was negatively affected by irrigation as FI-SR,FI-TR,HI-SR,and HI-TR recorded 11%~12%lower over the RF-SR and TR treatments.The PG played a minor role in determining fiber quality traits like micronaire and nep count.Irrigation treatments produced significantly lower(3%~4%)protein content than rain-fed,while oil content increased significantly(6%~10%).Conclusions:The study results indicate a potential for improving cotton fiber and seed qualities by managing irrigation and planting geometries in cotton production systems in the Mississippi(MS)Delta region.The HI-TR system appears promising for lint and seed quality.     

环境温度对LNG泄漏扩散影响的数值模拟

环境温度导致的气云密度差和大气湍流变化是LNG泄漏扩散的主要影响因素,研究环境温度变化对LNG扩散规律的影响尤为重要。采用Fluent软件中组分输运和Realizable k-ε湍流模型,建立LNG地面泄漏气云扩散数值模型,探究环境温度对LNG泄漏扩散过程中甲烷体积分数的分布规律、气云密度、大气湍流强度的影响。结果表明:当环境温度较低时,LNG气云中各甲烷体积分数线出现"锯齿状"现象,造成甲烷爆炸下限(Low Flammability Limit,LFL)、1/2 LFL的水平扩散范围均增大;当环境温度较高时,甲烷LFL最远扩散距离较低温环境多115 m,造成甲烷1/2 LFL的水平顺风方向扩散距离增大;甲烷体积分数大于1/2 LFL的区域的大气湍流强度增幅则随温度升高而增加,而甲烷体积分数小于1/2 LFL的区域的大气湍流强度增幅随温度的升高而减小;在泄漏源周围100~200 m内,由于"逆温"所造成的大气湍流强度的增幅达0.79倍。研究结果可为LNG泄漏危害区域预测、安全储运、应急救援提供参考。     

Evaluation of subtropical ornamental trees for reclaiming salinity affected lands

This study was conducted to evaluate the tolerance of 1-year-old seedlings of ten subtropical ornamental tree species against a range of salinity levels of Na Cl from May 2015 to October 2015. The levels were further enhanced from November to April 2017 as 100% survival was observed in the initial concentrations for all species.The seedlings were grown during the first week of April2015 in 1000 earthen pots containing soil: farmyard manure(2:1), irrigated with tap water for 1 month followed by saline irrigation in May by maintaining electrical conductivity at 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 2.25, and 3.00 d S/m for 30,40, 50, 60, 90, and 120 m M Na Cl. Every 3 months,heights, relative leaf water content, and percent survival were determined;total soluble sugars of the upper leaves of each tree were quantified. All species exhibited consistent early growth and survival when supplied with 30, 40, 50 and 60 m M of Na Cl. Koelreutaria paniculata, Ficus benjamina, Putranjiva roxburghii, Bauhinia purpurea and Millettia ovalifolia were sensitive to elevated salinity levels and did not survive at the highest salt concentrations of 90 and 120 m M.     

巴音布鲁克山区人工增水效果评价

利用1982—2017年5—9月大山口水文资料及巴音布鲁克气象站气象资料,分析与巴音布鲁克山区降水密切相关的径流量、降水量以及相对湿润指数等指标,对巴音布鲁克山区人工增水业务进行效果评价。结果表明,在人工增水时期,开都河流域有90%概率月均径流量增量为3.01 m~3/s,增率为1.62%,统计显著性水平0.000 1;山区月均降水量增率为2.78%,显著性水平0.023 3;随着年际变化,巴音布鲁克山区相对湿润度指数总体呈增长趋势,且在人工增水时期,干旱程度取得了明显缓解。     

水稻赖氨酸含量测定方法改进及其最优动态分类研究

赖氨酸是水稻营养成分中第一限制性氨基酸。为优化赖氨酸的测定方法,设置了本试验,通过超声振荡器取代普通振荡器,进行300W超声功率下酰化用时及染料结合反应用时的研究。结果表明,最佳酰化用时为15 min,染料结合用时为90 min。与国标法相比,优化后的方法酰化用时变长、染料结合用时变短,测定总用时明显缩短,但测定结果和试验精度更高。可见,采用超声波振荡代替传统振荡器振荡能改进赖氨酸的测定方法。另外,采用最优动态聚类法对赖氨酸含量进行分类,能防止人为分类的不确定性,做到分类方案的最优化。     

榅桲C4H基因的克隆、序列分析及表达

【目的】肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(cinnamate 4-hydroxylase,C4H)是调节木质素合成的关键基因,榅桲是新疆特色经济果树之一。目前,有关榅桲C4H基因的序列信息尚不明确。为了获得该基因的序列信息及其在果实不同发育时期的差异性表达规律,为深入研究该基因在榅桲果实发育过程中的作用和功能奠定基础。【方法】以榅桲果实为研究材料,基于GenBank已登录近源物种的C4H基因的cDNA序列,提取其果实的总RNA并反转录为cDNA,利用同源克隆的方法获得榅桲C4H基因的cDNA序列,并对该序列进行生物信息学分析,同时检测在榅桲果实开花后不同时间点C4H基因表达量的差异。【结果】同源克隆结果表明:C4H基因编码区的序列全长为1 518 bp,编码505个氨基酸,其蛋白的分子质量为58.28 kD。生物信息学分析结果显示:榅桲C4H蛋白为亲水性不稳定蛋白质,其二级结构以α-螺旋和无规卷曲结构为主。系统进化分析结果显示:榅桲C4H蛋白与甜樱桃(Prunus avium,XP_021806844.1)、山杏(Prunus armeniaca,VVA16404.1)的C4H蛋白同源性均较高,其相似性分别为92.87%和91.24%。实时荧光定量PCR的结果显示:随着榅桲果实的发育,在开花后10 d的果肉中C4H基因的表达量最高,随着果实的不断发育,果肉中C4H基因的表达量逐渐减少。【结论】成功获得了榅桲C4H基因全长编码区序列,并发现了C4H基因在果实发育初期的表达最高,这与榅桲果实的木质化程度密切相关。     

不同地区、不同部位羊驼毛品质性状的研究

本研究旨在了解不同地区、不同部位羊驼毛品质的差异，为羊驼选育及羊驼毛生产提供参考数据。采集新疆野生动物园、新疆阿勒泰、新疆阿克苏、山西、天津地区羊驼颌、颈、肩、侧、股、背、腹部位共636份毛样，进行平均纤维直径、毛丛长度、净毛率、单纤维强力、有髓毛含量、无髓毛含量等性状的测定，分析不同地区及不同部位毛品质性状的差异，并进行最小二乘分析。结果表明，不同地区羊驼毛平均纤维直径、白度、亮度、原毛油脂含量、净毛率、毛丛自然长度、单纤维强力、断裂伸长百分比、有髓毛含量、无髓毛含量均存在极显著差异（P<0.01）；不同取样部位羊驼毛纤维直径、原毛油脂含量、毛丛自然长度、单纤维强力、含杂率存在极显著差异（P<0.01），无髓毛含量和有髓毛含量存在显著差异（P<0.05）。以羊驼毛细度越细毛品质越优为准，结合单纤维强力、毛丛自然长度等性状，羊驼不同部位的毛纤维质量从高到低依次为：背、侧、股、肩、颈、颌及腹部。在育种中可将提高无髓毛含量作为新疆羊驼毛细度的选育目标，将提高净毛率和单纤维强力作为山西、天津羊驼毛育种方向，同时可考虑提高羊驼颈、颌、腹部的无髓毛含量，以提高羊驼整体毛品质水平。     

实施开展三农工作的意义及存在的问题

本文以喀什地区为例,探讨气象为三农服务工作意义,研究气象服务三农工作中存在的问题,认为目前气象预报信息精准率需进一步提高,气象信息内容单一及发布渠道不畅,农业区气象灾害防御能力薄弱等,并提出相应对策和建议。