利用SSR快速鉴定甜菜品种纯度和真实性的研究

为了建立一套快速鉴定甜菜品种纯度和真实性的实验体系,对DNA的提取、检测、PCR反应体系、程序、电泳以及显影方法等多个方面进行了优化, 最终确立了一套简单、快速、节约、污染小的甜菜品种纯度和真实性的鉴定体系。该方法使用96孔PCR板,利用碱裂解法提取干种子（或者叶片干粉）DNA;使用无毒的Gelred替代致癌性的EB,利用λ DNA检测提取样品DNA的浓度; PCR反应的体系为5μL,使用多重PCR替代单一PCR;PCR反应程序为94℃变性15s,退火15s,72℃延伸30秒,30个循环,最后72℃延伸5min; PCR产物的分离使用8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,最后使用快速银染法对电泳后的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶进行显影。利用优化后的程序,一个成熟的实验室操作人员只需一天就可以完成192份样品的检测。     

甜菜单胚雄性不育系与保持系花药及小孢子发生的超微结构观察

为阐明甜菜单胚雄性不育系和保持系花药及小孢子发育的超微结构差异．以自育的甜菜单胚细胞质雄性不育系（CMS系）TB9-CMS和保持系（O型系）TB9-O为试验材料,在甜菜花芽分化、现蕾初期、开花初期分别进行4次花蕾取样．电子显微镜观察花药及小孢子发育过程的超微结构差异。结果表明．甜菜单胚CMS系与。型系花药和小孢子发育过程的超微结构存在明显差异。甜菜单胚CMS系花药壁产生初始期与。型系相似．但小孢子母细胞的数量较少,液泡化明显;绒毡层发育初期也形成乌氏体原始颗粒,但仅维持初始状态而停止发育：绒毡层在四分体期收缩离位,瓦解内移;小孢子母细胞形成四分体后,胼胝质壁较厚,小孢子逐渐变异开始退化。观察还发现,甜菜绒毡层细胞间以及形成四分体的胼胝质壁间有胞间连丝结构．     

Tillage Depth Effects on Soil Physical Properties,Sugarbeet Yield,and Sugarbeet Quality

Tillage depth influences the soil–water–plant ecosystem, thereby affecting crop yield and quality. The effects of tillage depth on soil physical properties and sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield and quality were evaluated. A field study composed of two tillage depths [10 cm, referred to as shallow (ST), and 20 cm, referred to as deep (DT)] was conducted on a Lihen sandy loam soil in spring 2007 at the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) irrigated research farm near Williston, North Dakota. Soil bulk density (ρ_b), gravimetric water content (θ_w), and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were measured three times during the growing season at four depth increments to 40 cm deep. Samples were taken approximately 0.5 m apart within the crop row of irrigated sugarbeet. Soil air-filled pore volume (ε_a) was calculated from soil bulk density and water content data. Soil penetration resistance (PR) was also measured in 2.5-cm increments to a depth of 35 cm. Roots were hand-harvested from each plot, and each sample consisted of the roots within an area consisting of two adjacent rows 1.5 m long. Soil ρ_b was greater in ST than in DT, whereas Ks was greater with DT than with ST. Soil PR was significantly greater in ST than in DT at the 0- to 20-cm depth. Soil θ_w and ε_a were slightly greater in DT than those under ST. Although tillage depth had no significant effect on sugarbeet population, root yield, or sucrose content, a small difference in sucrose yield between two depths of tillage may be attributed to reduced ρ_b, increased water intake, improved aeration, and increased response to nitrogen uptake under DT than under ST. It was concluded that tillage depth enhanced soil physical quality and had little effect on sugarbeet yield or quality.     

增产菌对甜菜作用机制的探讨 Ⅰ.增产菌对甜菜根叶生长、叶绿素含量、光合及蒸腾的效应

在田间栽培条件下研究了增产菌对甜菜的生理效应,研究表明:在不同生育期增产菌均能促进甜菜的根叶生长,并能减少叶片的气孔阻力,促进甜菜的光合作用,改善光合产物的分配以及提高甜菜的蒸腾速率和水分利用效率。     

甜菜对锌的吸收及分配规律的研究

本试验研究了河套治区甜菜对锌素的吸收及分配规律，结果表明：生育前期甜菜吸收锌素的速率较高，之后随生育进程逐渐降低。单位于物质中的含锌量也是生育前期高、后期低，但单株绝对含量随生育进程而增加。锌素在不同器官间的分配规律是，前期主要分配于叶丛，之后随生育进程叶丛中的分配率逐渐降低，而块根中的分配率却相对增加，但就绝对含量而言，叶丛始终高于块根。     

离子注入在甜菜育种中的诱变功效

分析了以35Kev N^ 离子注入甜菜种子出现的各种有益变异，结果表明：1）M0、M1种子发芽率受到抑制；2）M2代主要经济性状出现明显变异，含糖率提高0.28～1.04度；3）在M1代基础上再处理1次后，产量和含糖均有明显提高；4）经离子注入可出现早熟性材料，M2代含糖积累时间较对照提前15～20d。     

甜菜基因组DNA三种提取方法的对比研究

采用CTAB法、SDS法、蛋白酶K法分别提取甜菜基因组DNA,并对得到的DNA进行含量测定、PCR扩增效果鉴定、限制性内切酶酶切。比较3种方法的提取效果,结果表明:CTAB法提取的DNA产量最高,蛋白质和多糖含量低,PCR结果和酶切结果均比较好;SDS法提取的DNA产量也较高,PCR结果不如CTAB法效果好;蛋白酶K法提取的DNA产量最低,且含有较多的RNA,PCR扩增无结果。所以,CTAB法是适合于甜菜基因组DNA提取的最佳方法。     

新疆甜菜病虫草害种类及防治技术

调查结果表明,新疆甜菜病害有10余种,主要有甜菜丛根病、甜菜立枯病、根腐病、褐斑病、白粉病等;虫害有地老虎、象甲、蛴螬、甘蓝夜蛾、叶螨等20余种;杂草以芦苇、稗子草等单子叶杂草及灰黎、马齿苋等双子叶杂草为主要杂草。防治应以农业防治为基础,强化农业技术措施,结合运用化学防治、生物防治、物理防治诸项措施,达到经济、安全、有效地防治目的。     

Factorial analysis of the effect of sugarbeet vinasses on agroecological indices in horticultural field

The impact on soil of applying sugarbeet vinasses （V） was analyzed through a field experiment in horticulture greenhouse, arranged in a 23 factorial design. Two levels of three independent variables--application of V, use of polyethylene cover （PC） on the soil. and soil depth （D）---on various dependent variables were studied. Vinasses favoured crop yield and reduced the number of Meloidogyne incognita juveniles in soil. The concentrations ofN. P and K increased with the interaction VxD, with PC also increasing N concentration. The amounts of humic acids and humin decreased with D; fulvic acid concentration increased with V, but decreased with the interaction VxPC. Soil physical factors were improved mainly with D and V. Aromaticity of humic acid-like fractions increased ~＇itb V. In general, V showed significant effects mainly on the topsoil, suggesting low leaching risks. The results indicate that the levels of the independent factors improving a group of variables were not the same that those contributing to another group. Therefore, their best combination should be determined for each scenario to achieve optimum agroecological performance.     

微肥对甜菜块根产质量的影响

甜菜施用微肥试验结果表明,在氮、磷、钾肥施量一定的条件下,增施微肥使甜菜产质量都有提高。硼元素是影响根产量的主要微肥,锌元素是影响含糖率的主要微肥,生产上施用微肥可参考选用本试验的最佳组合：硼砂１５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２、硫酸锌７．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２、硫酸锰３７．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２。