大豆蛋白胶黏剂用于竹柳中密度纤维板试验

以大豆蛋白胶为胶黏剂,分别采用剥皮和未剥皮的竹柳枝桠材制备中密度纤维板.探讨了枝桠材树皮与木质部的比例和纤维得浆率,研究了树皮含量、施胶量和板材密度对竹柳纤维板物理力学性能的影响,优化了板材的制备工艺参数,并与脲醛树脂胶制备的剥皮竹柳中密度纤维板进行性能对比分析.结果表明:竹柳枝桠材的树皮含量这30.5％,其纤维得浆率比剥皮枝桠材低约4％;纤维板的性能随着密度和施胶量的增加而明显提高;剥皮竹柳所制纤维板的性能优于未剥皮的,未剥皮竹柳所制纤维板在密度为0.80 g/cm3,施胶量为16％时,其物理力学性能可满足GB/T 11718-2009的要求;而剥皮竹柳所制纤维板在密度为0.75 g/cm3,施胶量为14％时即可达到国标要求;大豆蛋白胶所制纤维极性能略低于脲醛树脂所制纤维板,但基本可以满足国标要求.     

林豆复合生态系统土壤理化性质的研究

本文对混种大豆的落叶松.大豆、水曲柳-大豆复合生态系统土壤理化性质进行研究。结果表明,在一个生长季内混种后的土壤物理性质得到了改善。落叶松.大豆与水曲柳一大豆复合生态系统的土壤容重为1.112g/cm3和1.058g/cm3均低于相对应的纯林:混种大豆后土壤总孔隙度增加。两种林-豆复合生态系统土壤有机质分别比对应纯林高1.77倍和1.09倍:落叶松一大豆复合生态系统全氮和水解氮含量分别高于落叶松纯林4.2%和53.0/%,水曲柳-大豆复合生态系统全氮和水解氮含量分别高于水曲柳纯林75.5%和3.3%:混种大豆后全磷含量降低,而有效磷含量则增加:落叶松-大豆复合生态系统全钾和有效钾比落叶松纯林高0.6%和17.5%,水曲柳-大豆复合生态系统全钾和有效钾分别比水曲柳纯林高56.4%和21.8%。图1表3参27。     

大豆多肽对西洋参生物生长量与人参皂苷Rb1含量的影响

研究大豆多肽对西洋参(Panax quinquefoliusL.)生物生长量和人参皂苷Rb1含量的影响。将大豆多肽2号粉和3号粉分别配制成高、中、低3种浓度的水溶液,以叶面喷洒与根部灌注的方式,对生长3年的西洋参进行实验;同时观察生物生长量和人参皂苷Rb1的变化并总结规律。大豆多肽2号粉4mg/ml浓度根部灌注对西洋参生物生长量与人参皂苷Rb1增加作用最明显。研究结果为提高西洋参产量与质量提供理论依据,在西洋参的栽培种植中起到了实践指导作用。     

Changes of plasma membrane H<Superscript>+</Superscript>-ATPase activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glycine max</Emphasis> seeds by PEG treatment

The soybean （Glycine max） Heihe No. 23 is sensitive to imbibitional chilling injury. Polyethylene glycol （PEG） treatment can improve chilling tolerance of soybean seeds to a certain extent. The changes of hydrolytic ATPase in plasma membranes and H^＋-pumping responses in soybean seeds were investigated during PEG treatments. Effects of exogenous calcium and exogenous ABA on the hydrolytic ATPase were also examined in order to understand the mechanism of chilling resistance. Highly purified plasma membranes were isolated by 6.0% aqueous two-phase partitioning from soybean seeds, as judged by the sensitivity of hydrolytic ATPase to sodium vanadate. PEG treatment resulted in a slight increase of the hydrolytic ATPase activity in 12 h. Then the activity decreased gradually, but still higher than the control. The H^＋-pumping activity increased steadily during PEG treatment. Exogenous calcium had both activating and inhibiting effects on the hydrolytic ATPase, but the activity was inhibited in soybean seeds treated with exogenous ABA. Results suggested that PEG treatment, not the exogenous calcium and ABA, up-regulated H^＋-ATPase activities in soybean seeds.     

黑龙江省非转基因大豆产业绿色供应链协同模式研究

以黑龙江省非转基因大豆产业为例,提出非转基因大豆产业绿色供应链协同模式形成的必要性与可行性。界定非转基因大豆产业绿色供应链协同的利益相关者,构建非转基因大豆产业绿色供应链协同模式的结构模型,并分别从战略协同、管理协同、操作协同三个维度探析了非转基因大豆产业绿色供应链协同模式。     

野生大豆芽期耐盐性状的关联分析

盐渍化是危害大豆生产的主要非生物胁迫因素之一。目前大豆耐盐性研究主要集中在栽培大豆的苗期耐盐性,而芽期耐盐性状的研究相对较少。野生大豆蕴含丰富的耐逆基因,是栽培大豆遗传改良的重要资源。为了研究野生大豆芽期耐盐性状的遗传机制,以113份野生大豆为试验材料,进行芽期耐盐性状的鉴定,结合群体的分子标记对包括2年平均值在内的3个环境下的3个耐盐指数进行全基因组关联分析,共检测到与野生大豆芽期耐盐相关的位点26个,6个SSR标记Satt521、Satt022、Satt239、Satt516、Satt251和Satt285在2个或3个环境下均被检测到,4个SSR标记Satt516、Satt251、Satt285和GMES4990与2个或3个耐盐指数显著相关。对这些SSR标记进行分析,挖掘了最优的等位基因及其载体材料。以上这些结果对于阐明野生大豆芽期耐盐性状的遗传机制,进一步发掘新的耐盐基因具有重要意义。同时也为栽培大豆遗传基础的拓宽、大豆耐盐分子标记辅助选择和分子设计育种等后续研究提供重要依据。     

基于深度学习的大豆生长期叶片缺素症状检测方法

为了检测作物叶片缺素,提出了一种基于神经网络的大豆叶片缺素视觉检测方法。在对大豆缺素叶片进行特征分析后,采用深度学习技术,利用Mask R-CNN模型对固定摄像头采集的叶片图像进行分割,以去除背景特征,并利用VGG16模型进行缺素分类。首先通过摄像头采集水培大豆叶片图像,对大豆叶片图像进行人工标记,建立大豆叶片图像分割任务的训练集和测试集,通过预训练确定模型的初始参数,并使用较低的学习率训练Mask RCNN模型,训练后的模型在测试集上对背景遮挡的大豆单叶片和多叶片分割的马修斯相关系数分别达到了0.847和0.788。通过预训练确定模型的初始参数,使用训练全连接层的方法训练VGG16模型,训练的模型在测试集上的分类准确率为89.42%。通过将特征明显的叶片归类为两类缺氮特征和4类缺磷特征,分析讨论了模型的不足之处。本文算法检测一幅100万像素的图像平均运行时间为0.8 s,且对复杂背景下大豆叶片缺素分类有较好的检测效果,可为农业自动化生产中植株缺素情况估计提供技术支持。     

施用草甘膦对转基因抗除草剂大豆田杂草防除、大豆安全性及杂草发生的影响

【目的】转GAT 和EPSPS 双价基因抗草甘膦大豆‘GE-J16’是我国具有自主知识产权的抗除草剂材料,喷施草甘膦后,评价草甘膦对杂草防除、大豆安全和杂草发生的影响,为其将来商业化种植后的安全监测与杂草治理提供数据支持。【方法】除草效果：每小区以对角线5点取样法取5个0.25 m ²样点并标记,施药后28 d调查禾本科和阔叶杂草株数,并剪取地上部分称取鲜重, 计算株防效和鲜重防效。对大豆安全性：每小区以对角线5点取样法,每点随机取4株大豆并标记,在喷药当天、药后7、14、21及28 d调查大豆株高和复叶数,观察药害,收获前每小区取50株大豆调查结荚数及产量。杂草发生情况：每小区以对角线5点取样法取5个0.25 m ²样点并标记（避开除草效果取样点）,调查并记录每种杂草种类、株数,计算每种杂草相对多度。【结果】转基因大豆喷施900、1 800和3 600 g a.i./hm ²草甘膦对禾本科杂草株防效2016年分别为84.30%、95.22%和83.62%,阔叶杂草株防效分别为49.80%、64.52%和61.93%,禾本科和阔叶杂草鲜重防效分别在95.36%和82.05%以上,2017年对禾本科和阔叶草株防效分别达94.93%和85.09%以上,对禾本科和阔叶杂草鲜重防效分别达98.00%和96.57%以上。转基因大豆喷施草甘膦对大豆生长没有不良影响,产量高于人工除草处理。两年研究结果表明转基因抗除草剂大豆喷施草甘膦后杂草群落发生改变,转基因抗除草剂大豆田不除草处理小区主要优势阔叶杂草为反枝苋（Amaranthus retroflexus）、打碗花（Calystegia hederacea）、马齿苋（Portulaca oleracea）,禾本科杂草为狗尾草（Setaria viridis）、马唐（Digitaria sanguinalis）和牛筋草（Eleusine indica）,共6种,喷施草甘膦900—3 600 g a.i./hm ²后转基因大豆田5种主要优势杂草为打碗花、夏至草（Lagopsis supina）、马齿苋、牛筋草和狗尾草。【结论】转基因抗草甘膦大豆‘GE-J16’喷施草甘膦900—3 600 g a.i./hm ²对杂草有很好的防除效果, 对大豆安全。因此,转基因抗草甘膦大豆‘GE-J16’将在我国有很好的商业化应用前景,喷施草甘膦影响杂草种群的发生,如今后商业化种植需长期密切监测种群变化。     

Soil property differences among high‐ and average‐yielding soya bean areas in Arkansas,USA

Soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] yields >6719 kg/ha (100 bu/ac) have only recently and infrequently been achieved. Quantifying soil property differences between high‐ and average‐yielding areas can help to further identify non‐plant‐related properties contributing to soya bean yield potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of region and soil depth on soil property differences between high‐ and average‐yielding areas. In each of the seven regions of the ‘Grow for the Green’ yield contest in Arkansas, prior to or just after harvest in 2014 and 2015, soil samples were collected from the top 20 cm of one contest high‐yield (HY ) area that was in close proximity to an average‐yield (AY ) area. Across all regions and both years, soya bean yields differed (P  <  0.05) between yield areas, averaging 4701 and 5498 kg/ha in AY and HY areas, respectively. Averaged across soil depth and years, numerous soil properties differed (P  <  0.05) between HY and AY areas within at least one of seven regions. Total soil C content was at least 20.2% greater in the HY than in the AY area in three of seven regions. Extractable soil P content was, on average, 19.4 kg/ha greater in HY than in AY areas in three of the seven regions. Results from this study have the potential to help producers better understand soil properties that contribute to or hinder achieving ultra‐high (>6719 kg/ha) soya bean yields.