Effect of forsythiaside A on immune function in rats with ulcerative colitis

AIM To investigate the effect of forsythiaside A (FA) on immune function in rats with ulcerative colitis and its related mechanism. METHODS Healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (no treatment, normal feeding), model group (establishment of rat ulcerative colitis model), and low, medium and high doses of FA groups (treatment of the model rats with FA at 5 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg, respectively). The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rat colon tissues were measured by colorimetry, and the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 were detected by ELISA. The spleen index and thymus index, the percentages of CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC）, the serum IgA and IgG levels, and the serum complement C3 and C4 levels were also determined. RESULTS The colon tissues of the rats in model group showed obvious inflammation and ulceration, indicating that the animal model was successfully established. Compared with model group, the colonic inflammation and ulceration were significantly attenuated in FA groups, among which the high dose had the best effect. Compared with control group, the spleen index and thymus index of the rars in model group were decreased (P<0.05), MDA content in colon tissues was increased (P<0.05), and SOD activity in colon tissues was decreased (P<0.05). The levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T-lymphocytes in PBMC, and the serum levels of C3, C4 and IL-4 were decreased (P<0.05), while the serum levels of IgA, IgG, TNF-α, and IL-2 were increased in model group as compared with control group. Furthermore, the spleen index and thymus index of the rats in FA groups were increased (P<0.05), the MDA content in the colon tissues was decreased (P<0.05), and the SOD activity in the colon tissues was increased (P<0.05). The levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD8⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T-lymphocytes in PBMC, and the serum levels of C3, C4 and IL-4 were increased (P<0.05), while serum IgA, IgG, TNF-α and IL-2 levels were decreased in FA groups as compared with model group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Forsythiaside A effectively attenuates the colonic lesions in rats with ulcerative colitis, and its mechanism may be related to reinforcement of oxygen free radical scavenging power, alleviation of inflammatory response, and enhancement of immune function.     

草地贪夜蛾寄生蜂资源及其调控寄主免疫反应的研究

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda（J.E.Smith）原产于美洲，自2019年初入侵我国以来迅速向北蔓延，对农业造成了巨大损失。其寄生蜂作为重要的天敌资源之一，在害虫防治中具有不可替代的作用。本文对目前已鉴定到的9个科170种草地贪夜蛾寄生蜂天敌等进行了分类总结，而后讨论了其在害虫生物防治方面的应用前景，并围绕草地贪夜蛾寄生蜂寄生因子调控寄主免疫反应的分子机理展开详细论述。该研究旨在丰富草地贪夜蛾的生物防治资源素材，并为该害虫的绿色防控提供重要的理论与实践指导意义。     

芒果皮渣多糖提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

以芒果皮渣为原料,采用热水浸提法,在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面法优化芒果皮渣多糖的提取工艺,同时分析芒果皮渣多糖的最佳沉淀条件,并利用清除ABTS+·、DPPH·和·OH能力评价其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,芒果皮渣多糖的最佳提取及醇沉工艺条件为:浸提温度98℃,浸提时间4 h,料液比1∶40(g/mL),在此条件下芒果皮渣多糖提取率为9.29%。芒果皮渣多糖最佳醇沉工艺为:浸提次数3次,浸提液浓缩5倍,4倍体积95%乙醇醇沉6 h。体外抗氧化试验表明,芒果皮渣多糖对ABTS+·、DPPH·和·OH均有一定的清除效果,随着芒果皮渣多糖质量浓度的增加清除能力逐渐增强,当多糖浓度为1.0 mg/mL时,其对ABTS+·、DPPH·和·OH的清除率分别达到42.58%、92.37%和41.59%,此时还原力为1.49。     

Tulathromycin enhances humoral but not cellular immune response in pigs vaccinated against swine influenza

The effect of a standard, single dose therapy with tulathromycin was investigated on the postvaccinal humoral and cellular immune response in pigs vaccinated against swine influenza. Forty‐five pigs, divided into 3 groups, were used (control not vaccinated (C, n = 15), control vaccinated (CV, n = 15), and experimentally received tulathromycin (TUL, n = 15)). For vaccination of pigs, an inactivated, commercial vaccine was used. Pigs from TUL group received single dose of tulathromycin intramuscularly, at the recommended dose (2.5 mg/kg body weight). Pigs from TUL and CV groups were vaccinated at 8 and 10 weeks of age. The specific humoral and cellular immune response against swine influenza virus (SIV) was evaluated. The results of present study showed that humoral postvaccinal response after vaccination against SIV can be modulated by treatment with tulathromycin. In pigs from TUL group, the significantly higher titers of anti‐SIV‐specific antibodies were observed 4 and 6 weeks after booster dose of vaccine. Simultaneously, T‐cell‐mediated immune response against SIV was not affected by tulathromycin. Our recent study confirmed the importance of defining the modulatory activity of tulathromycin because of its influence on the immune response to vaccines. Since the antibodies against hemagglutinin are crucial for the protection against SIV, the present observations should prompt further studies on the practical significance of recent results in terms of clinical implications (postvaccinal protection) in the field conditions.     

黄地老虎成虫对15种植物挥发物的电生理和行为反应

【目的】 筛选对黄地老虎Agrotis segetum雌性成虫具有引诱活性的植物挥发物,为黄地老虎食诱剂的研发提供候选物质【方法】 利用触角电位仪(EAG)测试黄地老虎雌性成虫对15种植物挥发物的电生理反应,通过风洞试验,评价每种物质对黄地老虎雌性成虫的吸引作用。【结果】 黄地老虎雌性成虫触角对4种挥发物(癸烷、对乙基苯乙酮、2-甲基壬烷和3,3-二甲基辛烷)没有明显的EAG反应,对其余11种挥发物(1,2-二乙苯、1,4-二乙苯、丁酸丁酯、4,8-二甲基-1,3,7-壬三烯、桉叶油醇、乙酸叶醇酯、芳樟醇、β-月桂烯、壬醛、罗勒烯和β-蒎烯)的电生理反应明显,且反应程度随着挥发物浓度的增加而增加,在最大测试浓度100 μg/mL时产生最强烈的电生理反应。在风洞测试中,黄地老虎雌性成虫对1,2-二乙苯、1,4-二乙苯、丁酸丁酯、癸烷、4,8-二甲基-1,3,7-壬三烯、对乙基苯乙酮、桉叶油醇、乙酸叶醇酯、芳樟醇、β-月桂烯、壬醛、3,3-二甲基辛烷、罗勒烯和β-蒎烯14种挥发物表现出明显的行为趋好。【结论】 筛选出对黄地老虎雌性成虫具有电生理和行为吸引活性的植物挥发物组分。     

生物炭对连作草莓光合特性及光响应的影响

为了寻求缓解草莓连作障碍的有效途径，以佐贺清香草莓品种为试验材料，盆栽条件下在连作8 a草莓的土壤中分别添加质量分数为0%、0.15%、0.30%、0.45%、0.60%的小麦秸秆生物炭，研究不同生物炭用量对草莓光合响应参数的影响。结果表明，连作土壤中添加生物炭的量影响了草莓的光合生理，添加一定量的生物炭在一定程度上可以缓解连作障碍。当生物炭添加量为0.30%时，草莓具有更大的光合潜力，其叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量分别比不添加生物炭对照提高37.20%、85.57%和55.14%，差异显著。随着生物炭添加量的增加，叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量表现为先升高然后降低的趋势，且均在生物炭添加量为0.30%时达到最大值。表观量子效率和最大净光合速率的变化趋势与叶绿素含量表现一致，表现为0.30%生物炭处理时最高，且分别比对照增加16.62%和32.29%；而当生物炭用量继续增加时，光合作用受阻，且0.30%生物炭处理对弱光的利用能力最强。与不添加生物炭相比，0.15%和0.30%生物炭处理呼吸效率升高，0.45%和0.60%生物炭处理草莓呼吸效率降低。生物炭添加量为0.30%时光补偿点最低。相关性分析表明，叶绿素a含量能较好地反映草莓最大净光合速率的大小，而总叶绿素含量值则能很好地反映草莓在强光下进行光合作用能力的大小。综上，添加一定生物炭，有利于草莓光合色素的合成，提高了光合能力，有助于草莓干物质的积累，在连作土壤中添加0.30%生物炭时最有利于缓解连作障碍对草莓光合生理的影响，叶绿素能较好地反映草莓的光合作用能力，这对草莓设施生产管理具有一定的指导意义。     

腰带长体茧蜂对亚洲玉米螟幼虫的寄生功能反应

为评估腰带长体茧蜂Macrocentrus cingulum对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis的控害潜能，在实验室条件下（湿度60%~80%，光周期16L：8D）研究了20、24、28、32℃下腰带长体茧蜂对亚洲玉米螟幼虫的寄生功能反应和20、24、28℃下腰带长体茧蜂的自身密度干扰效应。结果表明：在20~32℃内，腰带长体茧蜂对亚洲玉米螟的寄生功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ型；相同温度下，随着寄主亚洲玉米螟密度的增加，腰带长体茧蜂寄生量增加，但当寄主密度增加到一定数量后，寄生量趋于稳定。24℃的寄生效能最大，20℃最小。随着寄主亚洲玉米螟密度和腰带长体茧蜂密度的增加，搜寻效应逐渐降低。采用Hessell干扰模型，发现28℃时的搜寻常数Q和干扰效应m均为最大，腰带长体茧蜂个体间的干扰效应降低了其寄生效能。