生物炭对连作草莓光合特性及光响应的影响

为了寻求缓解草莓连作障碍的有效途径，以佐贺清香草莓品种为试验材料，盆栽条件下在连作8 a草莓的土壤中分别添加质量分数为0%、0.15%、0.30%、0.45%、0.60%的小麦秸秆生物炭，研究不同生物炭用量对草莓光合响应参数的影响。结果表明，连作土壤中添加生物炭的量影响了草莓的光合生理，添加一定量的生物炭在一定程度上可以缓解连作障碍。当生物炭添加量为0.30%时，草莓具有更大的光合潜力，其叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量分别比不添加生物炭对照提高37.20%、85.57%和55.14%，差异显著。随着生物炭添加量的增加，叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量表现为先升高然后降低的趋势，且均在生物炭添加量为0.30%时达到最大值。表观量子效率和最大净光合速率的变化趋势与叶绿素含量表现一致，表现为0.30%生物炭处理时最高，且分别比对照增加16.62%和32.29%；而当生物炭用量继续增加时，光合作用受阻，且0.30%生物炭处理对弱光的利用能力最强。与不添加生物炭相比，0.15%和0.30%生物炭处理呼吸效率升高，0.45%和0.60%生物炭处理草莓呼吸效率降低。生物炭添加量为0.30%时光补偿点最低。相关性分析表明，叶绿素a含量能较好地反映草莓最大净光合速率的大小，而总叶绿素含量值则能很好地反映草莓在强光下进行光合作用能力的大小。综上，添加一定生物炭，有利于草莓光合色素的合成，提高了光合能力，有助于草莓干物质的积累，在连作土壤中添加0.30%生物炭时最有利于缓解连作障碍对草莓光合生理的影响，叶绿素能较好地反映草莓的光合作用能力，这对草莓设施生产管理具有一定的指导意义。

Effects of Biochar Andditio on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Photoresponse of Continuous-Cropping Strawberry

In order to find an effective way to alleviate strawberry continuous cropping obstacles,Sagahonoka strawberry cultivar was used as material,and biochar of wheat straw of was added with the proportions of 0%,0.15%,0.30%,0.45%and 0.60%to the soil in which strawberry had been continuously cropped for 8 years under potted condition.Effects of different amounts of biochar addition on photosynthetic response parameters of strawberry were examined.The results showed that the addition of biochar affected the photosynthetic physiology of strawberry.Adding a certain amount of biochar could alleviate the obstacle of continuous cropping.The treatment with 0.30%biochar had greater photosynthetic potential compared to the control.The contents of chlorophyll a,b and total chlorophyll increased significantly,which were 37.20%,85.57%,and 55.14%,respectively higher than the control.With the increase of biochar,the contents of chlorophyll a,b and total chlorophyll increased first and then decreased,and reached the maximum when the biochar content was 0.30%.The change trend of apparent quantum efficiency and maximum net photosynthetic rate were consistent with the chlorophyll content.Their values were the highest when treated with 0.30%biochar,and increased by 16.62%and 32.29%,respectively,compared with the control.However,photosynthesis was inhibited as biochar addition was higher than 0.3%.And 0.30%biochar treatment had the strongest ability to utilize weak light.Compared with the control,the respiratory efficiency of 0.15%and 0.30%biochar treatments increased,while the respiratory efficiency of 0.45%and 0.60%biochar treatment decreased.The light compensation point with 0.30%biochar addition was the lowest.The correlation analysis showed that chlorophyll content was closely related to photosynthesis,among which chlorophyll a content could better reflect the maximum net photosynthetic rate of strawberry,while the total chlorophyll content could well reflect the photosynthetic capacity of strawberry under strong light.To sum up,the addition of certain amount of biochar was beneficial to the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments,improving photosynthetic capacity and contributing to the accumulation of dry matter in strawberry.Adding 0.30%biochar in continuous cropping soil was most conducive to alleviate the effect of continuous cropping obstacle on photosynthetic physiology of strawberry.Chlorophyll could better reflect the photosynthetic capacity,which has certain guiding significance for strawberry facility production management.