臭氧浓度增加对超级稻南粳9108稻穗不同部位籽粒氨基酸含量的影响

为了解臭氧浓度升高对稻米品质的影响,2015年以高产优质超级粳稻南粳9108为供试材料,利用自然光气体熏蒸平台,设置对照(18 n L·L~(-1))和高浓度臭氧(100 n L·L~(-1))处理,研究了臭氧浓度增加对成熟期稻穗不同部位糙米氨基酸性质的影响。结果表明:臭氧浓度增加使稻米氨基酸、必需和非必需氨基酸总量显著增加,但对必需或非必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的百分比无显著影响;从氨基酸组分看,除半胱氨酸外,臭氧浓度增加使糙米中7种必需氨基酸和9种非必需氨基酸的含量均呈增加趋势,其中苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、亮氨酸、络氨酸、天冬氨酸和苯丙氨酸的增幅均达显著或极显著水平;总体上,稻穗下部稻米氨基酸及其组分浓度对臭氧浓度增加的响应大于稻穗上、中部,其中臭氧处理与籽粒着生部位对苯丙氨酸、络氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸有明显的互作效应(P0.1)。以上数据表明,100 n L·L~(-1)臭氧浓度使供试超级稻稻米氨基酸及其组分浓度明显增加,且多数情况下弱势粒的增加趋势大于强势粒。     

大气CO2和O3升高对菜地土壤酶活性和微生物量的影响

利用OTC平台和青菜盆栽实验,探索[CO2]、[O3]或[CO2+O3]升高条件下,土壤理化性质、微生物量和土壤酶活性的变化,以期获得未来大气CO2或/和O3升高对土壤微生态系统的风险性。结果表明,[CO2]升高不同程度地提高了土壤的可溶性有机碳（DOC）、可溶性有机氮（DON）、总磷（TP）、总碳（TC）、铵态氮（AN）、硝态氮（NN）含量和含水量（SWC）,进而不同程度地提高了土壤微生物量碳（MBC）、微生物量氮（MBN）含量以及土壤蛋白酶（PRA）、蔗糖酶（SA）、脲酶（UA）、多酚氧化酶（POA）、酸性磷酸酶（APA）和中性磷酸酶（NPA）活性。相反,[O3]升高不同程度降低了土壤DOC、TP、TK、TC、TN、AN、NN、SWC、MBC和MBN含量,提高了MBC/MBN比值,在不同程度上降低了土壤PRA、SA、UA、POA、APA和NPA酶活性。而[CO2+O3]在一定程度上消减了[O3]对土壤微生物量和酶活性的抑制作用,也降低了[CO2]升高对土壤微生物量和酶活性的刺激效应。因此,土壤微生物量和土壤酶活性的变化可用于评价未来大气CO2或/和O3升高对菜地土壤微生态环境的影响。     

应用湿冷与臭氧技术贮藏保鲜金柑的研究

采用湿冷、臭氧及包装三结合的先进、安全、实用的保鲜新技术,解决金柑保鲜难题。在冷库相对湿度控制在85%~90%、温度控制在5~7℃、臭氧定期灭菌条件下,保鲜期可达120d,失重率在10%以内,好果率90%左右;简易贮藏库相对湿度控制在85%、臭氧定期灭菌,保鲜期可达75d,失重率在10%左右,好果率90%以上,而且投资省,节能,便于推广应。     

琯溪蜜柚柚瓣的臭氧处理结合气调包装保鲜研究

采用正交试验设计，优选出最佳的臭氧处理时间和气体成分，分析了臭氧处理结合气调包装（MAP）保鲜对琯溪蜜柚柚瓣品质的影响。结果表明：臭氧处理结合气调包装的方法可明显延长琯溪蜜柚柚瓣的保鲜时间，改善保鲜柚瓣的品质，臭氧处理5min，以5％O2、3％CO2、92％N2的气体成分包装的保鲜效果最好。     

臭氧对脱水蔬菜杀菌效果的影响

利用臭氧处理对脱水蔬菜中的致病菌进行杀菌试验,通过臭氧在杀菌时表现出的性质来了解臭氧杀菌情况.     

臭氧防霉、杀虫和去毒效果的探讨

用臭氧机产生臭氧，进行高水分粮的防霉试验、几种主要储粮害虫的防治试验以及油脂的去毒试验。结果表明：较低浓度的臭氧对水分为16．6％和17．7％的玉米，15．5％和16．6％的稻谷，15．6%的糙米有显著的防霉效果；对玉米象、谷蠹的成虫有良好的杀灭作用；对油脂中的黄曲霉毒素B1有较好的降解功能。     

Ozone sensitivity of Phaseolus vulgaris in relation to cultivar differences,growth stage and growing conditions

Exposure of Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Lit to ambient ozone caused a 14% pod yield reduction in 1994. This yield loss was assessed by comparing plants that were protected against ozone by treatment with EDU (ethylenediurea) with unprotected plants, both cultivated in pots with a continuous water supply. The plants had experienced an AOT40 of 8135 ppb.h during their growth. However, plant response to ozone depends on a large number of environmental and plant-specific conditions. Visible injury increased mainly after flowering and was much less severe on soil-grown bean cultivars (Lit, Stella and Groffy) not receiving additional water. Ozone fumigations in closed chambers before or after flowering proved that the growth stage during which the plants are exposed also plays a very important role with regard to injury development. Plants seem to be more susceptible during the generative growth stage and the relative cultivar sensitivity was related to the developmental stage during fumigation. However with regard to yield effects the timing of the ozone exposure seems to be less important.     

Growth responses and foliar sensitivities of native herbaceous species to ozone exposures

This paper reports on open-top chamber studies investigating the effects of different O₃ exposures on native herbaceous plant species. Plants were grown up from seeds, potted into natural soils and exposed to near-ambient O₃ levels during one growing season. A wide range of visible symptoms was apparent during the exposures. Species such as Rumex obtusifolius, Senecio vulgaris or Sonchus asper showed leaf colorations (e.g. reddish pigmentation) that probably indicate a non-specific stress response. In other species especially of the genera Malva and Cirsium the symptoms produced by O₃ appeared to be similar to those characteristic for O₃-specific foliar injury (stippling, flecking). In almost all species tested, O₃ caused premature leaf senescence, which was sometimes associated with premature leaf abscission. However, earlier senescence did not necessarily result in changes in plant growth. Of all species tested, Malva sylvestris was found to be the most sensitive in terms of growth reduction and lower seed production.     

Effects of ambient air pollution on wheat and rice yield in Pakistan

Open-top chambers ventilated with ambient or chiarcoal-filtered air were used to assess the impact of air pollution on the yield of local cultivars of wheat and rice, at a site on the outskirts of Lahore. At this location, 6-h mean O₃ concentrations reach 60 ppb in certain months, and annual mean NO₂ concentrations are 20–25 ppb. The experiments showed significant yield reduction in two successive seasons which ranged from 33% to 46% in wheat and from 37% to 51% in rice. The major yield parameter affected was the number of ears or panicles per plant, although there was also evidence of small effects on 1000 grain weight and on the number of grains per ear/panicle. These results have significance in terms of the maintenance of agricultural yields as pollution emissions rise in south and south-east Asia.     

不同臭氧浓度对水培烤烟吸收~(32)P的影响

应用3 2 P研究了不同臭氧浓度对水培烤烟吸收磷素营养的影响。结果表明 :在水培法中低浓度臭氧使根对磷素吸收量所占全植株的百分率随培植时间而减少 ,而茎则随培植时间而增加 ;高浓度臭氧则在整个培植期间根、茎的吸收变化不大。两种培植方法磷素在叶中的分布情况都是 :下叶 >中叶 >上叶。烟株各部分的吸收情况 ,根 >茎 >下叶 >中叶 >上叶 ,且两种培植方法对磷的吸收量都与培植时间呈显著正相关 ,高浓度比低浓度臭氧吸收的磷多而快