施肥对黑麦草生长和产量的影响

通过大田试验,研究了不同施肥措施对一年生黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)生长、叶绿素含量和鲜草产量的影响.结果表明,氮磷钾肥配合施用(NPK)、等氮量的有机肥(OM)处理均显著促进黑麦草的生长和提高其鲜草产量.NPK处理的黑麦草分蘖数、株高、表观叶面积较不施肥对照(CK)、不施氮(PK)和不施磷(NK)处...     

盐胁迫和干旱胁迫对蓝花子种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

将蓝花子培养在含有不同浓度的NaCl和甘露醇的MS培养基上,研究蓝花子在不同浓度的NaCl和甘露醇处理下的发芽势、发芽率、相对发芽率、叶绿素含量以及过氧化物酶活性等,揭示蓝花子对盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的耐受能力。结果表明:蓝花子的发芽率、株高、根长、叶绿素以及过氧化物酶活性都随NaCl浓度的升高而显著下降;在甘露醇胁迫时,蓝花子幼苗的根长、叶绿素含量以及POD酶活性都随甘露醇浓度的升高表现为先升高后降低的趋势。说明同十字花科其它植物相比蓝花子对盐胁迫十分敏感,而对干旱胁迫却能表现出比较明显的耐受性。     

盐胁迫对甜樱桃“吉塞拉”砧木光合指标的影响

以甜樱桃砧木“吉塞拉6号”(G6)、“吉塞拉5号”(G5)、Y1和B5的1a生盆栽实生苗为试材,探讨了不同浓度NaCl处理对其光合指标的影响.结果表明:盐胁迫影响了“吉塞拉”砧木的光合色素含量、光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数.随着NaCl处理浓度增加和处理时间延长,各试材的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、实际原初光能转化效率(φPSⅡ)和表观电子传递速率(ETR)显著下降,其中B5的下降趋势相对平缓.盐胁迫对“吉塞拉”砧木的效应既有处理间差异,又有品种间差异.轻中度盐胁迫(3‰ NaCl和6‰NaCl处理前中期)并未明显抑制各试材的PSⅡ活性,重度盐胁迫导致各试材PSⅡ受损,光合受到抑制.比较而言,B5的抗盐性优于其它3种试材.     

不同密度和果穗数对日光温室番茄冠层光合及产量的影响

以“保红一号”番茄为试材,采用单干整枝方式研究不同密度和果穗数对日光温室番茄功能叶片冠层光合速率、叶绿素含量及产量的影响.结果表明:番茄净光合速率、叶绿素含量在植株上、中、下部冠层间随不同密度的冠高和叶位差异明显.中、上部净光合速率、叶绿素含量高,下部低,3 000株/667m2(留5穗果)各冠层叶位间叶绿素含量与净光合速率呈正相关,表现出冠层净光合速率、叶绿素含量和产量最高.表明适合阿克苏地区冬春茬日光温室番茄生产的适宜密度为3 000株/667m2(留5穗果),总产量最高,达到7 806.3 kg/667m2.     

秋季不同时期秋子梨品种及野生类型叶绿素荧光特性研究

以苹香梨、南果梨、寒红梨和寒酥梨4个品种及1个野生类型山梨为试材,依据秋季不同时期温度变化,对叶片叶绿素荧光参数指标进行测定.结果表明:秋季不同时期温度变化对不同梨品种光合系统造成的伤害差异较大;初始荧光参数(Fo)品种因素上差异不显著(P＞0.05),时间因素上差异极显著(P＜0.01),可变荧光参数(Fv)、最大荧光转化效率(Fv/Fm)和最大光能转化潜力(Fv/Fo)品种因素和时间因素上均表现差异极显著(P＜0.01);山梨初始荧光系数Fo呈现连续下降趋势,其它4个品种变化不明显;Fv、Fv/Fm和Fv/ Fo总体表现呈下降趋势,苹香梨、寒红梨、寒酥梨和山梨表现连续下降,南果梨中期升高,而后下降;山梨Fo、Fv、Fv/Fm 和Fv/ Fo各项指标变化降低幅度最大.     

无损测技术在番茄营养诊断中的应用研究

为了实现番茄无损测试诊断的目标,利用叶绿素仪SPAD-502测定了番茄不同生育期成叶、新叶的SPAD读数值。结果表明:番茄无论新叶还是成叶全氮含量、叶绿素含量都与SPAD测定值有很好的相关性;随着施肥量的增加,番茄植株体内的叶绿素含量、全氮含量都在增加,番茄SPAD读数在逐渐的增大,番茄的维生素C含量呈上升趋势,在600kg/hm~2时,果实维生素C含量达到最大值,当施氮量为900kg/hm~2时,番茄体内的可溶性固形物达到了最大值。SPAD能够对番茄的营养状况作出诊断。     

Effect of hot air,UV-C,white light and modified atmosphere treatments on expression of chlorophyll degrading genes in postharvest broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) florets

Several treatments were applied in order to delay postharvest degreening in broccoli florets and investigate their effects on genes associated with chlorophyll catabolism. Degradation of chlorophylls is the most evident visual manifestation of broccoli postharvest deterioration, occurring rapidly due to the immature stage in which the material is harvested. Treatments such as storage in modified atmosphere, exposure to hot air, UV-C and white lamps were employed in the current work to induce a delay in degreening and chlorophyll degradation. Expression of genes possibly related to chlorophyll catabolism was analyzed in these samples and discussed. Chlorophyllases, the enzymes traditionally believed to remove the phytol side chain from chlorophyll appear to have a gene expression that was not regulated by postharvest treatments. Pheophytinase, a recently discovered new enzyme in this metabolic pathway, correlated chlorophyll loss accurately in heat, UV-C and white-light treatments, but not in modified atmospheres. Results presented in this work indicate that postharvest treatments that delay chlorophyll degradation have a higher effect on the expression of pheophytinase rather than on chlorophyllase genes.     

水分胁迫对扁桃砧木干物质和叶绿素含量的影响

以新疆常用的扁桃砧木石头扁桃和毛桃的1年生实生苗为材料,设置土壤相对含水量分别为田间最大持水量的100%、80%、60%、40%和20%5个处理,研究了不同水分胁迫条件对其干物质和叶绿素含量的影响。水分胁迫处理第10、20、30天后取样,测定其叶绿素含量;在水分胁迫处理第30天取样测定其干物质含量。结果表明:2个供试品种对水分胁迫的反应一致。在土壤相对含水量为80%时,总干物质含量和叶质量比最高,土壤相对含水量较多或较少都会减少干物质的积累,石头扁桃总干物质含量和叶质量比的下降幅度大于毛桃。根质量比和根冠比在土壤相对含水量为80%时最低,随着水分胁迫程度的加剧,根质量比和根冠比升高,石头扁桃的升高幅度大于毛桃。在土壤相对含水量为80%时叶绿素a和叶绿素(a b)的含量最高,随着胁迫程度的加剧和时间的延长,叶绿素a和叶绿素(a b)的含量降低,石头扁桃的降低幅度大于毛桃。     

Simultaneous measurements of quantum yield and CO2 uptake for the assessment of non-assimilative electron flow in tree leaves

Using attached and detached leaves ofAcer palmatum Thunb. andRhaphiolepsis umbellata Makino, pulse-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence and CO₂ exchange were measured. Quantum yield of photosynthesis was determined from the fluorescence parameter(Fm′−Fs)/Fm′, where (Fm′−Fs) was defined as the difference between steady state chlorophyll fluorescence (Fs) and maximum fluorescence (Fm′) elicited by a saturating light pulse. The rate of electron transport through photosystem II (total electron flow) was calculated from the product of quantum yield andA (PFD), whereA is the rate of absorbed photons as given by leaf absorptance, and PFD is the photon flux density at the leaf surface. The rate of electron transport dependant on CO₂ uptake (assimilative electron flow) was calculated from the gross photosynthetic rate in a leaf. The difference between the rates of total and assimilative electron transport was denoted as the rate of non-assimilative electron transport which depends on photorespiration and oxygen reduction. Available data provided quantitative information on the rate of non-assimilative electron flow in intact leaves. When leaf photosynthesis ofA. palmatum was measured under sunlight, the rates of total and assimilative electron transport were determined to be approximately 900 and 150 μmol equiv. e/mg Chl·h, respectively. The difference (750 μmol equiv. e/mg Chl·h) was attributed to the activity of non-assimilative electron flow. The ratio of total to assimilative electron flow was found to increase gradually with rising in irradiance. The results suggest that non-assimilative electron flow occurred at much higher rate than assimilative electron flow at high irradiance. Implications of the results are briefly discussed in relation to photosynthesis limitation in tree leaves.     

红檵木叶色变化的生理生化研究

红檵木(Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum)在春季新叶初发时,花红叶红,且叶片红艳可人,具有很高的观赏价值.但随着叶龄的增大,叶色发生较大变化,在初夏叶色变为暗红色,到了盛夏高温季节,叶色几乎变成了绿色,出现了生产上称之的"高温返青"现象.