生物矿化与植物体内的生物硅化

总结了硅在植物体内的沉积位点、存在形式、影响硅在植物体内沉积的因子以及生物硅化的作用,详细阐述了竹(木)材的生物硅化现象及其研究进展和展望。     

超临界CO_2萃取分离高纯度辣椒碱化合物的研究

辣椒红色素厂的副产物辣椒精(辣椒碱含量2.1%)经过酒精溶液萃取、CO2超临界萃取、硅胶柱层析、重结晶等方法,从中分离出浅色的高纯度辣椒碱产品(辣椒碱含量90%),并对各分离操作的工艺条件进行了研究。采用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法对辣椒精和高纯度产品做了检测,得到相应图谱。研究表明,上述分离步骤的组合是可行的、有效的。     

草地早熟禾叶表超显微结构与抗旱性的关系

对4个草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)品种男爵(Baron)、黑石(Blackstone)、肯塔基(Kentucky)和蓝月(Bluemoon)的叶表皮超微结构及其对干旱的适应特性进行研究.结果表明:气孔器的开闭状态与干旱胁迫有关,而与品种的气孔器密度无关;品种间的硅质乳突密度和大小差异显著,密度大的品种,可以有效防止叶表面水分过度散失,但硅质乳突大小与气孔的运动调节无直接关系.     

混凝土路面的抗冻融磨蚀措施

测定了掺纤维材料和硅粉路面混凝土在冻融磨蚀复合作用下的力学性能,并通过微观结构分析,探讨掺纤维材料和硅粉混凝土路面抗冻融磨蚀复合作用机理.结果表明,路用混凝土中加入适量、适长的聚丙烯腈纤维材料或硅粉均有助于提高混凝土抗冻、耐磨性能.掺入纤维明显提高混凝土的抗拉强度和韧性,其中有机纤维效果最佳,无机短纤维次之,无机长纤维最差.     

Preparation of inorganic silica nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles

Silica nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles were successfully prepared using sol-gel chemistry and electro-spinning technique. Solution of tetraethly orthosilicate in ethanol containing silver nitrate was aged to have sufficient viscosity and electrospun to form nanofibers. Upon thermal treatment, the gelation reaction between silanols was completed in the prepared silica nanofibers, and at the same time, silver ions in the nanofiber changed to metallic silver or silver oxides. The reduction of silver ions could be also achieved by UV irradiation, and the generated silver nanoparticles were present preferentially on the surface of the silica nanofibers. On testing release behavior of silver ions, it was found that most of silver remained in the silica nanofiber. The silica nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles exhibited excellent antibacterial and deodorant properties.