3种磺胺类药物在中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)体内的药代动力学特征

采用高效液相色谱法研究了3种磺胺类药物在中国对虾体内的药物代谢动力学特征,这3种磺胺类药物包括磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)、磺胺嘧啶(SD)及磺胺对甲氧嘧啶(SMD)。实验期间,中国对虾的养殖水温为(24.6±2.4)℃,单次口服3种磺胺类药物的剂量均为100 mg/kg。结果显示,3种磺胺类药物在中国对虾体内的血药经时过程均符合一级吸收二室开放模型,SM2的主要药动学参数T1/2β、AUC、Vd、CL、Tmax、Cmax分别为25.812 h、34.066 mg/L·h、94.553 L/kg、2.608 L/h·kg、2 h、1.07 mg/L;SD的主要药动学参数T1/2β、AUC、Vd、CL、Tmax、Cmax分别为46.446 h、45.39 mg/L·h、97.207 L/kg、1.504 L/h·kg、1 h、1.17 mg/L;SMD的主要药动学参数T1/2β、AUC、Vd、CL、Tmax、Cmax分别为66.296 h、65.917 mg/L·h、40.015 L/kg、0.763 L/h·kg、2 h、2.00 mg/L。结果表明,SMD在中国对虾体内分布比SM2、SD更广泛;中国对虾体内SM2的消除相半衰期最短,SD次之,SMD消除相半衰期最长;3种磺胺类药物在中国对虾体内72 h药物吸收量SMD最高,SD次之,SM2最低;且SMD药物清除率最低,SD次之,SM2药物清除率最高,所以口服3种磺胺类药物72 h中国对虾体内SMD残留最多,SD次之,SM2残留最少。SMD在中国对虾体内药效更加持久,故在不考虑使用成本及毒副作用等其他因素的前提下,比较这3种磺胺类药物的药物代谢动力学特征,更加推荐使用SMD。     

SD大鼠和BALB/c小鼠PRND基因的克隆和序列分析

以睾丸总RNA为模板,运用RT-PCR方法扩增了SD大鼠和BALB/c小鼠的叠朊蛋白(PRND)基因,并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中进行测序,运用生物信息学软件对这些序列进行了分析。结果表明获得的SD大鼠和BALB/c小鼠PRND基因的完整ORF片段,基因无内含子,分别编码178和179个氨基酸的前体蛋白。与GenBank登录的其他同品种鼠相应序列进行比较,SD大鼠发生了G187C点突变,相应地引起了G63R的氨基酸改变;BALB/c小鼠发生了G12T、C13G和C528T点突变,但只发生了L5V的氨基酸改变,其余均为同义置换。氨基酸一级结构分析显示2种PRND编码的Dopple蛋白均由氨基端的信号肽、中间的成熟蛋白和羧基端的GPI锚定结合区组成。二级结构预测表明,Dopple蛋白由3个α-螺旋和2个β-折叠片层组成。研究结果为进一步研究Dopple蛋白的结构、功能及其在传染性海绵状脑病发生发展中的作用提供了基础数据。     

Research on landscape quality of country parks in Beijing as based on visual and audible senses

Construction of Chinese country parks has been developing quickly in recent years, but less effort has been made in the field of esthetic quantitative evaluation of landscape of the country parks. Based on the theories of landscape esthetics and psychology, this paper constructs a landscape quality evaluation model for the country parks by means of SBE and SD methods, with which the authors of the paper carried out the research on and evaluation of the landscape quality of four selected country parks outside the Fifth Ring Road in Beijing. The purpose of this paper is to further put forward suggestions for a better development of the landscape of the four country parks in order to bring their landscape and recreation functions into full play. The findings of this paper indicate that both natural and artificial landscape characteristics exercise either positive or negative influences on landscape quality; among them the effect of vitality, color richness, senses of both joy and beauty are the key elements affecting the attraction of the country park's landscape. Country parks boast with special significance because of their localism, naturalness and tranquility. These advantages are fully shown in their sufficient space for waterscape construction and conspicuous effect on landscape as reflected from the green belts previously constructed. Nevertheless, three major problems existed in the country parks including insipid color, over artificialized parkways, and peripheral high-rise buildings in the nearby neighborhood that have also given rise to visual interference. Recommendations for relevant landscape construction and protection of the country parks are suggested.     

应用链脲左菌素构建SD大鼠2型糖尿病模型效果的研究

将20只SD雌性大鼠随机分为模型组和对照组,模型组(n=12只)喂高糖高脂饲料,对照组(n=8只)喂基础饲料。大鼠喂养4周后,以小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ,35 mg/kg)腹腔注射,建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型。结果表明:与对照组相比,模型组血清胰岛素和空腹血糖明显上升(p<0.01),胰岛细胞数目减少,细胞质变淡。高脂喂养联合STZ(35 mg/kg)诱导大鼠2型糖尿病的方法有效且造模长期稳定、成功率高等特点,是人类2型糖尿病及其药物研究的理想动物模型。     

烤烟监控系统中SD卡的应用研究

以SD卡大容量数据存储器为核心,采用VC＋＋6.0对烤烟全程温湿度数据进行处理分析,设计并实现了SD卡在烤烟监控系统中的应用。介绍了烤烟监控系统中SD卡的硬件接口电路、SD卡的具体操作、全程温湿度数据采集,温湿度随时间变化曲线绘制;该系统通过实际使用验证了所提方案的有效性。     

PRRSV SD2株ORF5/ORF6基因克隆及双基因真核表达载体的构建

以PRRSV细胞培养物为模板，经RT—PCR扩增得到ORF5／ORF6基因，该产物和pIRES真核表达载体分别经双酶切，连接构建pIRES-ORF5／ORF6。经PCR、双酶切鉴定和测序证明成功构建了真核表达载体pIRES-ORF5／ORF6。测得的ORF5／ORF6序列与VR-2332株的氨基酸同源性分别为99％和100％，属北美洲型。     

Construction of Metabolic Syndrome Model in Rats

The assay was aimed to establish high fat diet induced metabolic syndrome (MS) model in male SD rat of nutrition.Four weeks old male SD rats were randomly divided into experimental group (n=24) and control group (n=6).The control group was fed with normal diet and the experimental group was fed with high fat diet which was composed of normal diet, egg yolk and peanuts.Two weeks later, the obesity resistant rats were excluded from the experimental group.Weight, systolic blood pressure and Lee's index were observed after thirty-two weeks.After twelve hours fasted, made the OGTT.Then all rats were sacrificed and tested for total cholesterol (TC) and serum triglyceride (TG).The experimental group weighted (794.0±63.5)g and the control group weighted (571.8±61.9)g, and the weights of rats of experimental group were 38.9% higher than that of control group.Lee's index of the experimental group was 343.0±8.7, while the control group was 319.2±7.1 (P<0.01).The levels of serum TC and TG of experimental group were extremely significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01).Systolic blood pressure of the experimental group was 140.0±15.4, while the control group was 117.9±11.4, differences comparison of systolic blood pressure between experimental group and control group were significant (P<0.05).Insulin resistance of the experimental group was significantly (P<0.05).This study showed that four weeks old male SD rats were fed with high fat diet which was composed of normal diet, egg yolk and peanuts for thirty-two weeks could successfully and stably established metabolic syndrome model.     

玉米赤霉烯酮对Leydig细胞凋亡及caspase-9、caspase-3蛋白表达的影响

以不同浓度的玉米赤霉烯酮（Zearalenone,zEA）对大鼠睾丸间质细胞（Leydig）细胞进行染毒,采用噻唑蓝比色法观察了ZEA对Leydig细胞活力的影响;流式细胞术分析检测了ZEA对细胞的凋亡率、线粒体膜电位变化的影响;Westernblotting等技术检测了Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-3、caspase-9、PARP蛋白的表达情况。结果显示,ZEA可明显抑制睾丸Leydig细胞的活力（染毒各组与对照组比较P〈0．05）,40mg／L染毒组相对活力为40．67％;与对照组比较,5、10、20mg／LZEA染毒组睾丸Leydig细胞凋亡率均极显著升高（P〈0．05）,呈明显剂量关系;线粒体膜电位变化测定显示,各染毒组与对照组比,线粒体膜电位均下降（P〈0．05）,且有明显的剂量关系;Westernblotting分析显示,与对照组比较,5、10、20mg／LZEA染毒组Bax、caspase-9、caspase-3、PARP蛋白表达均上调,bel-2蛋白表达均下调。结果表明,ZEA能诱导大鼠睾丸间质细胞发生凋亡,Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-9、caspase-3等基因参与ZEA诱导Leydig细胞凋亡的调控。     

GABAergic神经元在BARREL和VPM区组织结构及形态特点的免疫组织化学研究

[目的]研究GABAergic神经元在VPM和"barrel"区的组织结构及形态特点;[方法]通过免疫组织化学的方法和激光共聚焦电子显微镜研究GABAergic神经元在VPM和"barrel"区分布状态;[结果]GABAergic神经元在VPM和"barrel"区分布状态不同,信息传递这2个区域编码程度也不一样;GABAergic在VPM区主要分布在列与列之间,且呈非对称分布,而GABAergic神经元的胞体、树突和轴突出现限定在"barrel"内,与周围"barrel"很少形成突触联系。[结论]提示VPM和"barrel"可能在信息传递及处理过程中具有不同的功能。     

基于系统动力学的县域土地利用变化模型——以浙江省缙云县为例

土地利用变化与区域社会经济的可持续发展、全球环境效应密切相关。根据系统动力学的基本原理,在分析县域土地利用与社会系统、经济系统、环境系统以及城市化政策之间相互关系的基础上,借助系统动力学ithink软件,构建了以粮食供给安全、经济增长、环境容量等为动力机制的土地利用变化系统动力学模型。最后,通过案例的模型仿真表明模型的有效性。