土壤侵蚀建模中ANSWERS及地理信息系统ARC／INFO^R的应用研究

研究了土壤侵蚀模型ANSWERS和地理信息系统（GIS）ARC／INFO之间的连结，采用ARC／INFO建立数据和ARC／INFO和ANSWERS之间的连结更为容易，有效，最后，对四川此色丘陵后个小流域实施的模拟，以展示连续情况和一些值得注意的向题。     

论紫色岩性土的发生与分类

用土壤、母质、岩石分析对比进行研究,结果表明,高速的物理风化,微弱的元素损失或富集,偏低的铁游离度、粘化系数,较高的粉粘比以及土体、母质、母岩间硅铝率相似性等,标志着紫色岩性土的发生过程.紫色岩性土的土类,应以土壤、岩石(或母质)的游离铁、粘粒硅铝率比值近于1划分;以风化度大小划分亚类;以母质的机械组成、化学组成和矿物组成组合类型划分土属;以土层厚度、夹砾量、土壤侵蚀程度和水分状况差异划分土种.     

皖南紫红色砂石岩上发育土壤的系统分类研究

对皖南不同时期紫红色砂石岩上发育的8个土壤剖面,按中国土壤系统分类体系,进行鉴别、检索、分类定名。阐述发生分类紫色土的2个亚类级土壤类型在中国土壤系统分类中归为3个土纲,即均腐土、雏形土和新成土;3个亚纲,即湿润均腐土、湿润雏形土和正常新成土;4个土类和6个亚类。提出按中国土壤系统分类的紫色土分类系统;并与美国土壤系统分类、国际土壤分类参比基础进行了参比。讨论了皖南紫红色砂石岩上发育为均腐土的成土环境条件,同时对发生分类紫色土在中国土壤系统分类类别检索提出修订建议。     

紫色丘陵区小流域侵蚀沉积断面构型及土壤颗粒分形特征

土壤侵蚀沉积是地球物质循环的重要环节，但人为因素使之加剧并引起许多生态环境问题。以四川紫色丘陵区小流域为例，根据地形部位及土壤性状划分出侵蚀沉积纵横断面，分析其侵蚀沉积特征，并采集土壤样品研究其颗粒组成和分形维数特征。结果表明：侵蚀沉积纵横断面不同地形部位侵蚀沉积特征明显不同，可分冲刷剥蚀、搬运扩散和沉积掩埋3种类型并连为侵蚀沉积链；侵蚀沉积纵横断面的划分对土壤侵蚀与沉积的认识更全面，整体性更强。研究区颗粒组成特别是粘粒含量明显地体现出侵蚀沉积的差异，分形维数综合体现出明显地随高度降低粗粒物质减少、细粒物质增加的趋势。     

奶牛冻伤的预防和治疗

<正>在北方寒冷季节,由于低温的长时间作用,极易引起奶牛冻伤。即使在圈养的环境下,潮湿阴冷、贼风侵袭和饥饿也会使奶牛发生肢体冻伤,特别裸露在外的牛耳、鼻、四肢、乳房、阴门、阴囊、包皮等末梢部位,更易遭受冻伤害。特别是乳房冻伤较为严重,可以并发其他疾病,在用抗生素治疗时会严重影响     

猪亚硝酸盐中毒的诊治

猪亚硝酸盐中毒是由于猪过量食入含有亚硝酸盐的食物引起中毒的一种疾病。临床上表现为皮肤、黏膜呈蓝紫色,呕吐,呼吸困难等症状。本病发病急,病程短,死亡快。     

海南岛土壤磷吸持性及其在分类中的意义

本文根据海南岛不同土壤类型的65个剖面310个土层的土壤磷(P)吸持性的测定结果,讨论土壤P吸持性与土壤类型、母岩(母质)种类、及土壤黏粒、铁铝氧化物含量之间的关系,并阐明土壤P吸持性在该地区土壤分类中的意义, 供为选用土壤分类指标参考。     

太湖地区不同土壤-森林生态系统中林木生长对微量元素的反应及反馈效应

Vector analysis technique and ecological sequential comparison methods were adopted to study tree growth response to the micronutrients,B,Mo,Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn,in soils derived from various parent materials in the forest area of Tailhu Lake region in southeast China,The results showed that the dry weight of individual current-year needle of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) grown on the soil derived from granite parent rock was increased by 8% and 13% in comparison with that grown on the soils derived from sandstone and ash-tuff parent rock,respectively.And such dry weight of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) grown on the soil derived from sandstone parent rock was increased by 21% in comparison with that on the soil derived from ash-tuff parent rock.One of the reasons for those results was that micronutrients content in the soil derived from ash-tuff parent rock were not sufficient to meet the requirement of the growth of Chinese fir and loblolly pine ,i.e.,micronutrients in soil were deficient and/or induced defiient.The amounts of Cu,Zn,Fe,and Mn uptake by Chinses fir and loblolly pine were in agreement with the contents of available micronutrients in soil respectively,except for B and Mo.Meanwhile,there might exist and “antagonism“ between the uptake of B versus Mo by trees,although more studies are needed to confirm it .Regression analysis indicated that amount of a soil available micronutrient was correlated to the type of parent material and its total amount in the forest floor, except for B.The F test identified that the correlation of each equation reached the significant level to different extents,respectively,The t test confirmed that amount of available forms was mainly depended on the type of parent material for Mo,Cu,Zn and Mn but on the forest floor for ,Fe,There was a feedback effect of forest stand on the amount of soil available micronutrients.The ability of accumulating available micronutrients in soil was better by the sawtooth oak(Quercus acutissima) stand than by the Chinese fir stand (except for B).The ability of accumulating available Zn,Fe,Mn and Mo in soil was better by the Chinese fir stand than by the loblolly pine stand ,while as for available B and Cu,by the latter was better than by the former,When discussing the efect of forest stand on the amount of soil available micronutrients,not only the amount of micronutrient in the forest floor and the parent materials but also the amount of micronutrient taken up by current-year needles have to be considered.     

垄作免耕下紫色水稻土有机碳的分布特征

土壤有机碳的空间分布特征是研究土壤有机碳储量及其动态的重要内容之一。本文从土壤团聚体、剖面和田块等尺度研究了四川盆地紫色水稻土在垄作免耕下有机碳的分布特征。结果表明：紫色水稻土团聚体含碳量在大团聚体（2～0．25mm）中最高，但有机碳总量主要分布在0．25～0．02mm。其次是0．02-0．002mm；垄作免耕下团聚体有机碳主要富集在0—10cm土层的大团聚体（〉0．25mm）中（富集系数〉1．5），而常规平作、水旱轮作和垄作翻耕下，剖面中土壤有机碳含量分布自上而下缓慢降低；实验田表层土壤有机碳含量及相关土壤特性的空间分布呈条带状和斑块状格局，具有明显的空间变异性。土壤有机碳含量在垄作免耕处最高，达30．71g kg^-1，在常规平作处最低，为16．50g kg^-1左右。长期垄作免耕会导致有机碳向土壤表层大团聚体的相对富集及在土壤剖面的层次分异。     

川中紫色丘陵区土壤侵蚀研究进展

长江上游是我国水土流失的重点治理区之一，尤其是川中丘陵区由于人口多。垦殖率高，水土流失严重，严重影响到该地区农业的可持续发展，该区开展土壤侵蚀研究已有60年之久，回顾并总结过去的研究成果对于今后更好地开展研究工作十分必要。在简要回顾了川中丘陵区土壤侵蚀研究历史与现状的基础上．从土壤侵蚀基础研究和土壤侵蚀防治技术及效益两个方面，对土壤侵蚀主要影响因子、侵蚀与产沙和水土保持耕作措施、田间工程措施等目前研究的最新进展作了归纳和总结，并提出了研究中存在的主要问题及未来展望。