Changes in the Relationship Between Temperature During the Seed‐Filling Period and Soya Bean Seed Isoflavones Under Water‐Deficit Conditions

Isoflavones have been shown to have health‐promoting activities in humans and are particularly abundant in soya bean. This study was conducted to determine how water deficit during seed fill affects the already known relationship between temperature and, alternately, solar radiation with soya bean seed isoflavone content. Isoflavone profile was analysed from seed samples of commercial cultivars grown in 76 environments in Argentina (29–38°S). Significant explanatory multiple linear regressions were detected for total isoflavones (TI), aglycones (AGL), glucosides (GLC), malonyl glucosides (MAL) and acetyl glucosides (ACE) regarding the following: temperature during seed fill (Tm_R5R7) and precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration during the reproductive period (pp‐PET_R1R7), as well as for the combinations of these climatic variables. Cumulative solar radiation predicted isoflavone content but was less robust than Tm_R5R7 and pp‐PET_R1R7. To our knowledge, this is the first report of changes in the relationship between TI, as well as AGL, GLC, MAL, and ACE and Tm_R5R7 as a function of drought in the field. When pp‐PET_R1R7 was below 70 mm (indicating drought), TI, as well as AGL, GLC, MAL, and ACE decreased linearly with rising temperatures and with increasing water deficit (decreasing values of pp‐PET_R1R7), with both climatic variables exhibiting additive effects on isoflavones. Our results also suggest that water deficit (estimated by pp‐PET_R1R7) would be important for modelling the relationship between temperature and soya bean seed isoflavones in rainfed crops.     

高异黄酮大豆新品种垦鉴豆43的育成及配套高产栽培技术

垦鉴豆43是以垦鉴豆7号为母本,垦农5号为父本有性杂交育成的,2006年3月审定推广.该品种高产、抗病、优质、适应性广,且综合性状优良.同时对其培技术进行了探讨.一般产量3 000～3 450 kg/hm2,平均增产7%,异黄酮含量高达4.821%,脂肪含量达21.92%,很快将成为黑龙江省主栽品种之一.     

Research Progress on Application and Safety of Soybean Isoflavone in Animal Husbandry

Soybean isoflavone is a kind of faint estrogen-like mixture of polyphenols which derived from the leguminous plants.Its active components include genistein,daidzein and glycitein.It is used in animal husbandry for its physiological functions that it can enhances performance,immune function,antioxidant and improves bone metabolism.But some following reports about safety and side effects of soybean isoflavones are also appeared.That is a worthy further research topic how to use it effectively.The article summarizes the types of soybean isoflavones,nutrient metabolism characteristics,physiological characteristics,the promoting effect of livestock and poultry production and security problems about animal and human.     

来源于脂环酸芽孢杆菌的GH1家族β-葡萄糖苷酶的葡萄糖耐受性分子改造

豆粕中大豆异黄酮主要以无活性的结合型存在。在玉米豆粕型日粮为主的饲料领域,β-葡萄糖苷酶可以将结合型大豆异黄酮转化为游离型活性苷元,但转化过程受肠道中较高浓度葡萄糖的抑制。和GH3家族相比,GH1家族β-葡萄糖苷酶不仅具有较高的葡萄糖耐受性,而且一定浓度范围内的葡萄糖对其具有酶活促进效应,因此在饲料领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。从脂环酸芽孢杆菌Alicyclobacillus sp.A4中克隆表达了一个具有较高葡萄糖耐受性(IC50800 mmol/L)的GH1家族β-葡萄糖苷酶As BG1。为了进一步提高As BG1的葡萄糖耐受性,通过同源建模、序列比对、分子对接技术等生物信息学手段,聚焦于催化通道的非催化葡萄糖结合位点,对As BG1进行了理性设计的分子突变研究。对不同突变体的葡萄糖耐受性测定表明:以5 mmol/L p NPG为底物,100 mmol/L葡萄糖对WT(野生型)、H315R和M325K酶活促进作用分别为125%、163%和162%,其中H315R的IC50提高至1 200 mmol/L;以1 mmol/L大豆苷为底物,10 mmol/L的葡萄糖对WT、H315R和M325K分别具有163%、212%和226%的酶活促进作用,结果表明突变体具有更好的在动物胃肠道水解大豆异黄酮能力。上述结果丰富了对GH1家族葡萄糖耐受性机制的认识,为日后进行耐受性相关的分子改造提供了重要的指导意义。     

大豆异黄酮和抗生素对文昌鸡生长性能、肉品质和血浆抗氧化指标的影响

【目的】对比大豆异黄酮和抗生素对文昌鸡生长性能、肉品质及血浆抗氧化指标的影响,为大豆异黄酮在文昌鸡生产中的实际应用提供参考。【方法】选用1日龄文昌鸡母雏540只。试验分3组,包括空白对照组、抗生素组和大豆异黄酮组,每组4个重复,每个重复45羽。分小鸡、中鸡和大鸡3个阶段进行试验。【结果】生长性能结果显示,1~30日龄小鸡各组之间的平均日增质量、平均日采食量和料重比均无显著差异(P0.05);31~80日龄阶段,大豆异黄酮组的平均日增质量显著高于对照组(P0.05);81~120日龄阶段,大豆异黄酮组的平均日采食量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。肉品质结果显示,各组的肉色L*、a*、b*和pH差异均不显著(P0.05);与对照组相比,大豆异黄酮组的熟肉率显著提高(P0.05)。血浆抗氧化指标结果显示,31~80日龄阶段,大豆异黄酮组的总抗氧化能力(Total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)活性显著高于抗生素组(P0.05);81~120日龄阶段,大豆异黄酮组的肌酸激酶(Creatine kinase,CK)活性显著低于抗生素组,谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)含量显著高于抗生素组,抗生素组和大豆异黄酮组的T-AOC活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。【结论】中鸡阶段饲粮中添加20 mg·kg~(–1)大豆异黄酮可以提高鸡日增质量和抗氧化水平;大鸡阶段饲粮中添加15 mg·kg~(–1)大豆异黄酮能够提高鸡采食量、熟肉率和抗氧化水平。     

黑曲霉β-葡萄糖苷酶水解大豆异黄酮糖苷研究

试验进行了黑曲霉生产β-葡萄糖苷酶研究;该黑曲霉β-葡萄糖苷酶有较高的热稳定性,50℃加热2h后酶活力减少为原来的92%。确立了该黑曲霉β-葡萄糖苷酶水解大豆异黄酮糖苷反应最佳方案;通过与酸水解和苦杏仁β-葡萄糖苷酶水解效率比较,发现该黑曲霉β-葡萄糖苷酶有较好的水解大豆异黄酮糖苷的能力。     

总状毛霉酶水解大豆异黄酮苷条件的优化

利用总状毛霉进行生物转化,采用单因素和中心组合试验设计对转化大豆异黄酮苷水解条件进行研究。通过响应面法对水解后游离苷元浓度、时间、温度、酶量、pH值之间的关系建立数学模型,获得了最佳水解条件:水解时间3.59 h,pH6.1,酶量23 mL,水解温度46℃。经验证试验与预测值接近,说明该模型有很好的预测能力。     

HPLC测定大豆异黄酮适宜试验条件的分析

利用HPLC测定大豆异黄酮是一种有效的方法,但因色谱系统和色谱柱的类型有别,测定体系亦有不同.采用安捷伦1200色谱系统、C18色谱柱（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）,通过比较流动相甲醇和乙酸水溶液在不同pH值和成分条件下的分析效果,建立流动相A为40％甲醇和流动相B为60％的0.1％乙酸水溶液,流速为1 mL/min,检测波长254 nm,柱温25℃,测定大豆种子中异黄酮的分析体系.     

野葛块根异黄酮的提取及抗氧化研究

以土家山区野葛块根为试验材料,采用超声波辅助乙醇提取野葛块根异黄酮。在单因素试验的基础上,以提取率为响应值,运用4因素4水平响应面分析法研究提取过程中工艺参数对提取率的影响,并对异黄酮提取物的抗氧化性能进行了研究。结果表明：最适提取工艺条件为乙醇浓度81.0%,超声时间41.2 min,提取温度61.2 ℃,料液比（m/V）1∶9.5,原料粒径40目。在此工艺条件下,野葛块根异黄酮的平均提取率为3.43%。所提取的野葛块根异黄酮的抗氧化效果低于Vc,但能与其产生一定的协同作用。     

Irrigation Level Affects Isoflavone Concentrations of Early Maturing Soya Bean Cultivars

Field experiments were conducted in 2003/2004 in Québec to determine the effects of irrigation levels (none, low and high) and cultivars (AC Orford, AC Proteina and Golden) on soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] isoflavone concentrations and yields. Seed yield, yield components, and oil and crude protein (CP) concentrations were concurrently determined. Response to irrigation was greater in 2003, which was substantially warmer and drier than in 2004. In both years, most responses were observed with the lower of the two irrigation levels evaluated, which increased total isoflavones concentration by an average of 45 % compared with a non‐irrigated control. Cultivars, however, responded differently to irrigation. In 2003, response of AC Proteina was greater than that of AC Orford, while Golden did not respond. In 2004, some responses were observed with AC Proteina and Golden but none with AC Orford. Overall, in both years, AC Proteina had the greatest isoflavone concentrations and AC Orford the lowest. Responses of seed yield and yield components depended on the year and were also greater in 2003. Both irrigation treatments generally increased seed yield and yield components compared with a non‐irrigated control; the response was greater with the higher irrigation level. Irrigation had no effect on oil and CP concentrations. Finally, isoflavone yield response to irrigation was again greater in 2003, and depended on the cultivar. Results thus demonstrate that specific soil moisture levels will maximize soya bean isoflavone concentrations, excess irrigation sometimes negating any potential benefits.