大豆异黄酮的药理和毒理效应研究进展

综述了大豆异黄酮主要的药理和毒理效应,分析了作用机理,对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

葛根异黄酮解酒含片的压片工艺及其性能研究

[目的]探讨葛根异黄酮解酒含片的压片工艺及其性能。[方法]以句容产野生葛根为原料,提取并纯化得到葛根异黄酮。以葛根异黄酮为主要成分,以麦芽糊精、木糖醇和柠檬酸为配料,优化葛根异黄酮解酒含片的压片工艺,并探讨其溶解性和分散性等性能。[结果]葛根异黄酮解酒含片制备压片工艺为:调味料与主料配比为1∶2(w/w)(其中调味料木糖醇和柠檬酸配比为1∶1(w/w);主料麦芽糊精与葛根异黄酮配比为1∶2(w/w),水分含量为4%,烘干温度为60℃;葛根异黄酮解酒含片具有较好的持水性和水溶性,温度对其溶解性、分散性影响较为明显。[结论]制得的葛根异黄酮解酒含片咀嚼感好,硬度适中,酸甜可口,符合大众消费者的口味。     

QTL Mapping of Isoflavone,Oil and Protein Contents in Soybean （Glycine max L. Merr.）

Soybean （Glycine max L. Merr.） is the world＇s foremost source of edible plant oil and proteins, meantime, the biologically active secondary metabolites such as saponins and isoflavones are benefit to human health. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci （QTL） and epistatic interactions associated with isoflavone, protein, and oil contents in soybean seeds. An F13 recombinant inbred line （RIL） comprising 474 lines was derived from a cross between Jindou 23 and Huibuzhi cultivars. SSR technique was employed for mapping of the QTLs. The QTLs for isoflavone, protein, and oil contents were analyzed and 23 QTLs were detected based on the constructed linkage map. Six QTLs for isoflavone content were localized in linkage groups J, N, D2, and G, eleven QTLs for oil content were localized in the linkage groups A1, A2, B2, C2, and D2, and six QTLs for protein content were localized in linkage groups B2, C2, G, and H1. The correlative analysis demonstrated that the isoflavone content had significant correlation with protein content, while significantly negative correlations was existed between oil and protein content, and significantly positive correlations was existed between protein and oil content. All these findings have laid an important basis for the marker assisted breeding in soybean. The phenotypic correlations of quantitative traits may be resulted from the correlation of the QTL controlling those traits.     

三种黄酮类植物雌激素对21日龄樱桃谷鸭屠宰性能的影响

试验以SM3樱桃谷鸭为研究对象,添喂葛根异黄酮、葛根素和大豆异黄酮,研究对樱桃谷鸭屠宰性能的影响。试验选用健康的1日龄sM3樱桃谷鸭160只,按初始体重随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只（公母各半,分别饲喂）,采用4×2两因素析因试验设计。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂基础日粮＋葛根异黄酮10mg·kg^-1、葛根素10mg·kg^-1、大豆异黄酮10mg·kg^-1;各组试鸭均在基础饲粮预饲1周后喂给各添加剂,并于21日龄屠宰对其屠宰性能的相关指标进行分析。结果葛根异黄酮组母鸭体重显著或极显著高于其他各组,日增重也有高于其他组的趋势,耗料量和饲料增重比差异不显著。屠宰试验表明：母鸭屠宰率、半净膛率、全净膛率和瘦肉率都高于公鸭（P〉0．05）,并以葛根异黄酮组母鸭的效果最好。     

He-Ne激光辐照对大豆幼苗异黄酮含量的影响

用波长为632.8 nm的He-Ne激光辐照大豆种子胚,研究辐照时间对发芽率、幼苗株高及幼苗子叶、叶片和茎中大豆异黄酮含量的影响。结果表明:大豆种子胚经3.6 mW/mm2激光辐照1～7 min后,其发芽率、幼苗株高、幼苗苯丙氨酸转氨酶(PAL)活性、游离苯丙氨酸(Phe)和大豆异黄酮含量均高于对照组(ck)。其中以幼苗叶辐照5 min后和子叶辐照7 min后,大豆异黄酮含量的提高最为明显,分别为42.6%和36.7%。本研究还从大豆异黄酮合成代谢起始酶PAL活性、合成前体Phe含量两方面探讨了激光辐照大豆种子胚提高其幼苗大豆异黄酮含量的机理。     

Rapid HPLC Method for Determination of 12 Isoflavone Components in Soybean Seeds

It is important to determine the isoflavone components by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)for the molecular assistant selection of isoflavone in soybean.Based on the standard samples of 12 isoflavone components,the isoflavone components were analyzed using the determination of absorbance peaks method by HPLC.The results showed that there were different maximum ultraviolet(UV)absorbance for the aglycones of daidzein,glycitein,and genistein,which were at 250,257,and 260 nm,respectively.A linear gradient elution of acetonitrile(13-30%)containing 0.1% acetic acid as a mobile phase was applied on a YMC-C18 column at 35℃.The 12 isoflavone components were determined using the UV detector by HPLC.We concluded that this is a rapid and precise method which adapted to determine the large numbers of samples with microanalysis.     

Irrigation Level Affects Isoflavone Concentrations of Early Maturing Soya Bean Cultivars

Field experiments were conducted in 2003/2004 in Québec to determine the effects of irrigation levels (none, low and high) and cultivars (AC Orford, AC Proteina and Golden) on soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] isoflavone concentrations and yields. Seed yield, yield components, and oil and crude protein (CP) concentrations were concurrently determined. Response to irrigation was greater in 2003, which was substantially warmer and drier than in 2004. In both years, most responses were observed with the lower of the two irrigation levels evaluated, which increased total isoflavones concentration by an average of 45 % compared with a non‐irrigated control. Cultivars, however, responded differently to irrigation. In 2003, response of AC Proteina was greater than that of AC Orford, while Golden did not respond. In 2004, some responses were observed with AC Proteina and Golden but none with AC Orford. Overall, in both years, AC Proteina had the greatest isoflavone concentrations and AC Orford the lowest. Responses of seed yield and yield components depended on the year and were also greater in 2003. Both irrigation treatments generally increased seed yield and yield components compared with a non‐irrigated control; the response was greater with the higher irrigation level. Irrigation had no effect on oil and CP concentrations. Finally, isoflavone yield response to irrigation was again greater in 2003, and depended on the cultivar. Results thus demonstrate that specific soil moisture levels will maximize soya bean isoflavone concentrations, excess irrigation sometimes negating any potential benefits.     

Changes in the Relationship Between Temperature During the Seed‐Filling Period and Soya Bean Seed Isoflavones Under Water‐Deficit Conditions

Isoflavones have been shown to have health‐promoting activities in humans and are particularly abundant in soya bean. This study was conducted to determine how water deficit during seed fill affects the already known relationship between temperature and, alternately, solar radiation with soya bean seed isoflavone content. Isoflavone profile was analysed from seed samples of commercial cultivars grown in 76 environments in Argentina (29–38°S). Significant explanatory multiple linear regressions were detected for total isoflavones (TI), aglycones (AGL), glucosides (GLC), malonyl glucosides (MAL) and acetyl glucosides (ACE) regarding the following: temperature during seed fill (Tm_R5R7) and precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration during the reproductive period (pp‐PET_R1R7), as well as for the combinations of these climatic variables. Cumulative solar radiation predicted isoflavone content but was less robust than Tm_R5R7 and pp‐PET_R1R7. To our knowledge, this is the first report of changes in the relationship between TI, as well as AGL, GLC, MAL, and ACE and Tm_R5R7 as a function of drought in the field. When pp‐PET_R1R7 was below 70 mm (indicating drought), TI, as well as AGL, GLC, MAL, and ACE decreased linearly with rising temperatures and with increasing water deficit (decreasing values of pp‐PET_R1R7), with both climatic variables exhibiting additive effects on isoflavones. Our results also suggest that water deficit (estimated by pp‐PET_R1R7) would be important for modelling the relationship between temperature and soya bean seed isoflavones in rainfed crops.     

大豆异黄酮提取方法的研究进展

文章综述了大豆异黄酮的各种提取方法,列出溶剂萃取法、超临界流体提取法、超声波和微波提取法的原理及目前应用状况,并对各种提取方法的特点给出了评价。     

大豆异黄酮对肉鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响

试验选用100只21日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为4组,即对照组和3个试验组,每个组设5个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加3、6、9mg/kg的有效大豆异黄酮。试验结果表明,肉鸡日粮中添加大豆异黄酮对肉鸡生产性能影响差异不显著(P>0.05);31日龄试验组血清中尿酸含量平均比对照组低29.25%(P<0.05);42日龄试验组腹脂垫重/体重比对照组平均低9.50%(P<0.05)。