人参皂苷Rg3(R),Rg3(S),Rg5/Rk1对乙醇致小鼠记忆阻碍改善作用的影响

采用被动回避穿越法研究了人参皂苷Rg3(R),Rg3(S)和Rg5/Rk1(1∶1)对乙醇致小鼠记忆阻碍改善作用的影响。结果表明:灌服人参皂苷Rg3(R),Rg3(S)和Rg5/Rk110 mg/kg后,显著延长了小鼠避暗的潜伏期,尤其以人参皂苷Rg5/Rk1作用最为显著,Rg5/Rk1处理组的潜伏期是对照组的2.97倍,Rg3(R),Rg3(S)分别为对照组的2.35和2.53倍,差异极显著(P<0.01)。说明这些化合物具有改善乙醇致小鼠的记忆障碍的能力。     

大果紫檀和奥氏黄檀乙醇低毒微损鉴别

用丙酮、二氯甲烷、苯、苯醇、乙醇等5种溶剂对大果紫檀和奥氏黄檀进行 GC －MS 抽提试验,并对抽提液的总离子流图进行相关系数分析。结果表明：二氯甲烷和苯的抽提得率最低,乙醇、苯醇和丙酮的抽提结果理想;同种木材不同溶剂抽提液的总离子流图相似性较高,但不同树种间的差异性较大,可利用相关系数进行木材识别和鉴定。综合考虑溶剂的毒性和使用成本等因素,乙醇更适用于红木的快速低毒微损识别。     

地鳖虫提取物对大鼠运动能力和骨骼肌抗氧化酶活性的影响

【目的】探讨补充地鳖虫提取物对大鼠运动能力、骨骼肌抗氧化酶表达水平及活性的影响,以明确其作为运动补剂的可能性。【方法】对大负荷游泳训练大鼠按各组平均体质量的0.5,1.0和1.5g/kg剂量分别补充地鳖虫提取物,在8周大负荷训练结束后测定大鼠力竭游泳时间、骨骼肌抗氧化酶活性及其原因表达水平。【结果】8周大负荷训练后,与单纯大负荷运动组相比,补充地鳖虫提取物组大鼠运动能力显著提高,其骨骼肌SOD、CAT、GST3种抗氧化酶活性均显著增加,同时3种抗氧化酶编码基因的表达水平也显著上调。【结论】补充地鳖虫提取物能够显著提高大鼠运动能力和骨骼肌抗氧化酶活性,其可能的机理是地鳖虫提取物上调了抗氧化酶编码基因的表达水平。     

Effects of animal liver and bile extracts on biochemical values of rat ethanol‐induced fatty liver

The purposes of this study were to assess the improvement of fatty liver induced by ethanol with animal liver and bile extracts. This research aimed to increase the economic values of animal liver and bile extracts and used these to reduce damage of ethanol‐induced fatty liver. Extracts came from animal liver and bile, including pig bile powder, pig liver extract, a mixture of pig bile powder and pig liver extract, chicken bile powder, chicken liver extract, and a mixture of chicken bile powder and chicken liver extract, and these were fed to Long‐Evans rats. The results showed that rats fed ethanol for long terms could increase values of aspartate transaminase, cholesterol, γ‐glutamy‐transferase and alkaline phosphatase. Pig bile powder could decrease the values of aspartate transaminase, cholesterol and γ‐glutamy‐transferase. The significances also decreased on aspartate transaminase, γ‐glutamy‐transferase and aspartate transaminase, which were carried out with the pig liver extract treatment. These results suggest pig bile and liver extracts have high potential to improve rats' ethanol‐induced fatty liver with serum biochemical parameters.     

Effect of temperature and cell density on ethanol fermentation by a thermotolerant aquatic yeast strain isolated from a hot spring environment

ABSTRACT: A thermotolerant, fermentative yeast strain named RND13 from a hot spring drainage was evaluated for its ethanol-producing ability at elevated temperatures at a high substrate concentration [15% (w/v) glucose] close to the level reflecting industrial practice. The RND13 was capable of utilizing glucose almost completely at 40°C with increasing inoculum size, producing ethanol up to 6.6% (w/v), which is comparable to levels (7.0–7.2%) at 30°C. The maximum rate of ethanol production by the RND13 was found to be 9.0 g/L per h at 40°C in an inoculum sized 5% (w/v). At 43°C, however, the RND13 could not utilize glucose to completion and showed a slight drop in the extent of produced ethanol [6.0% (w/v)]. Thus, the culture at 40°C with a 5% cell inoculum was considered to be the optimal condition for ethanol production at higher temperatures in terms of batch fermentation. In the phylogenetic analysis based on the small-subunit rDNA sequence, the strain was grouped together with both Candida glabrata and Kluyveromyces delphensis , which are relatively close to Saccharomyces cerevisiae .     

In Vitro Activity of Lawsonia inermis （Henna） on Some Pathogenic Fungi

The present study was conducted to investigate antifungal activity ofLawsonia inermis （Henna plant）. Leaf samples of the plants were collected from Eastern Nile of Khartoum state, Sudan. Ethanol and petroleum ether extracts in various concentrations were obtained by maceration （cold method）. The extracts were bioassay in vitro to know their bioactivity to inhibit the growth of tested fungi. The cup plate agar diffusion method was adopted to assess the antifungal activity of the extracts against tested yeasts while agar incorporated method was used for other molds. Both extracts revealed anti fungal activity against all yeast strains except Pichiafabianii which was found resistant to both ethanol and ether extracts. The results displayed antifungal activity against tested fungi. Minimum mould concentration （MMC） of the extracts was determined. The obtained results revealed antifungal activity of henna leaves extracts which support the traditional use of the Henna in therapy of fungal infections. The possibility of therapeutic use of Sudanese henna as antifungal agents is recommended.     

核桃壳提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

为明确核桃壳提取物体外抗氧化活性,测定核桃壳乙醇提取物及其氯仿相对DPPH·、·OH、H2O2和O2-·的清除率及总抗氧化能力。核桃壳乙醇提取物及其氯仿相具有清除DPPH·、·OH、H2O2、O2-·的能力,且具有一定的还原能力;当样品浓度为2mg·mL-1时,核桃壳乙醇提取物对DPPH·、·OH、H2O2、O2-·的清除能力分别为84.91%、22.98%、33.54%、80.36%,还原力为1.971;其氯仿相对DPPH·、·OH、H2O2、O2-·的清除能力分别为93.42%、49.89%、47.58%、90.64%,还原力为0.998。在试验浓度范围内抗氧化能力与提取物浓度呈正相关,核桃壳乙醇提取物及其氯仿相具有体外抗氧化活性。     

Effect of seed size on protein and lipid contents,germination and imbibition in true potato seeds

Summary Seeds of an open pollinated crop of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) TPS-2, cv. Kufri Jyoti, were graded into four sizes. There were significant differences between grades for 100-seed weight, the concentrations of total proteins and ethanol soluble proteins, and total lipids and phospholipids. Large seeds contained higher levels (% dry weight) of total proteins, ethanol soluble proteins and alkali soluble proteins than small seeds and they germinated faster and had the highest percentage of germination. Small seeds had the lowest levels of total lipids, phospholipids and water soluble proteins, the longest water saturation time and the lowest germination.     

Effect of waxing and cellophane lining on chemical quality indices of citrus fruit

Effects of waxing of the fruit and of the use of cellophane for lining storage boxes on chemical quality indices (including ethanol and acetaldehyde) and flavour scores of Feutrell's Early mandarin during storage at room conditions were determined. Maximum changes during storage of waxed mandarins in film-lined boxes occurred in ethanol contents which were followed by acetaldehyde, total soluble solids (TSS)/acid ratio, TSS and acid contents. There were negative and highly significant linear relationships between flavour scores, and ethanol content and acetaldehyde content. The r² values indicated that over 90% of the variation in flavour scores could be explained by changes in ethanol and acetaldehyde contents whereas only 50% of the variation in flavour scores could be predicted by changes in total acid and TSS/acid ratios. There were comparatively greater increases in ethanol and acetaldehyde content, lesser increases in TSS and greater decreases in total solids of waxed mandarins during storage than those of unwaxed fruits stored in film lined boxes; the ratio of ethanol and acetaldehyde (E/A) of waxed mandarins was also higher. Decreases in citric acid content during storage correlated linearly to increases in the E/A ratio at the 1% level of significance indicating that citric acid metabolism was affected during storage of waxed mandarins at ordinary room conditions.     

甜高粱在我国绿色能源中的地位

甜高粱作为一种绿色能源,在生产燃料乙醇方面,是竞争力最强的作物。种植甜高粱具有生物量高,抗逆性强、适应性广,栽培历史悠久、优良品种选育居世界领先地位,粮糖双收,经济效益及综合利用率高等优势。