旱薄山地优良肉用杏品种的引种研究

1990年－1999年，在太行山西侧旱薄山地进行了杏树的引种与选育，通过对13个杏品种树体生长量，产量及果实品质的分析，得出阳坡山地宜栽植大黄甜，华县大接杏，大杏梅，银白杏，海东杏；石灰岩山地宜发展大黄甜，大杏梅，华县大接杏;土层较厚，有施肥条件的沟块地宜发生兰州大接杏，山黄杏。     

引种栽培西蒙得木的适应性研究Ⅰ——生物学习性观察及枯萎病研究

概述了西蒙得木的经济价值和国内外发展状况,根据在云南发展中出现连续枯萎死亡的现象,首先研究了生物学习性和生态适应性,分离接种了来自病健根的菌类,得到的4种镰刀菌都要在根系衰弱时才能侵染根系,引起根系衰弱的原因需要进一步研究。     

辽东楤木苗期生物学特性的研究

连续3年对辽东木的形态特征、物候期、生长习性、抗性及适应性等生物学、生态学特性进行了一系列观察。辽东木物候期受海拔影响较大,表现为海拔高度增加,展叶、开花、结果期推迟,落叶期提早。     

转双抗虫基因741杨基本特性分析

对携带两个外源抗虫基因 (部分改造的BtCry1Ac基因和慈菇蛋白酶抑制剂基因API)的白杨杂种 74 1杨的抗虫性、生长特性、木材品质、结实特性及适应性进行多年连续观测。结果表明 ,3个转双抗虫基因 74 1杨株系对杨扇舟蛾、舞毒蛾、美国白蛾等鳞翅目食叶害虫具有高抗虫性 ,幼虫死亡率均在 80 %以上 ,并且还能抑制存活下来的昆虫幼虫的发育 ,使其发育速率减缓 ,不能正常结茧 ,连续 4年饲虫试验未发现其抗虫性有规律下降的趋势。转基因受体 74 1杨具有生长速度快 ,特别是胸径和材积生长在生长后期具有明显的速生优势 ,单株材积生长量平均超出对照 4 0 %以上 ;74 1杨木材品质优良 ,木材密度、纤维特性及各项力学性质均优于毛白杨。连续 3年观测表明 ,74 1杨为高度败育雌株 ,果穗小、数量少 ,成熟开裂前 70 %～ 90 %脱落 ,基本不飞絮。转基因 74 1杨没有发生明显变异 ,生长未受影响 ,可在毛白杨适生区推广应用。建议采用适宜的栽培模式 ,控制害虫抗性发展。     

互叶白千层引种与栽培试验初报

对近年新引进的互叶白千层苗期和幼林生长效应的研究结果表明，在引种区苗期以湿润沙质壤土生长最好；盆栽施肥在本试验条例上以Ｎ：０．５－１．０；Ｐ：０．６－０．９，Ｋ：０．８－１．２ｇ／盆为适宜施肥量；造林时，施基肥一不施基肥生长显著；林地施不同追肥２个月后，根据树高、地径、地上部分生物量得出的施肥效果排序为：复合肥Ⅱ〉复合肥〉碳氨〉尿素。     

11 种城市木本植物叶片生理物质对遮荫的响应

通过遮光率45%、75%和全光照3种光生境的植物栽培试验,测定了11种城市木本植物叶片叶绿素、花青素、可溶性糖、淀粉和蛋白质的变化,分析了遮荫对不同木本植物生理物质变化的影响,结果表明,遮荫能增加多数植物的叶绿素含量,明显降低花青素含量,特别是色叶植物,从而影响色叶植物的叶色效果,遮荫可减少色叶植物可溶性糖的含量,而增加非色叶植物可溶性糖含量,但对不同类型植物可溶性糖含量的影响幅度不一;遮荫能减少大多数植物的淀粉含量,但使部分色叶植物的淀粉含量增加,而不同遮荫程度对植物叶片淀粉含量的影响没有明显的规律性;光生境变化对植物叶片蛋白质影响缺乏明显的规律性,影响幅度也不一。     

Stability Analysis of Yield in Maize,Wheat and Sorghum and its Implications in Breeding Programs*

Six stability statistics: (b_i, s²_di, , , and ) were estimated for maize, wheat and sorghum in different environments by using three statistical models. The significant linear portion of genotype × environment interaction for maize indicates different hybrids responded differently to environments, whereas the non-significant genotype × environment interaction (linear) were found for wheat and sorghum suggest that all genotypes responded similarly as the environments change. However, the highly significant pooled deviations (deviation from regression) for all three crops make yield predictions from the model less reliable. When regression coefficients (b_i) were non-significant, s²_di, became an important statistic in estimating stability. It appears that the regression coefficient, b_i, was best used to estimate genotypic adaptability, whereas s²_di, for stability. Maize and sorghum had negative correlations between the mean yield and stability statistics, s²_di, , and , suggesting that high yield and stability are not mutually exclusive in the range of environments used in this study; however, such correlations did not occur in wheat. Thus, maize and sorghum hybrids with high yield potential and high stability could be identified and selected. Correlations between mean yield and b_i, or , were positive and significant for maize and sorghum but were non-significant for wheat, indicating that such relationships may be species specific. Under a given set of testing environments, the stability ranking associated with each maize hybrid is correlated to and depends on other hybrids included in the analysis.     

海洋食物网结构稳定性及干扰响应研究综述

针对当前全球环境急剧变化的背景,本文归纳了海洋食物网结构复杂性常用的量化指标,梳理了食物网稳定性不同维度的概念并深入探究其与复杂性之间的内在联系。根据海洋生态系统的不同干扰类型,分析了各种类型干扰的发生方式以及食物网在应对干扰时的适应机理,最后总结了海洋生态系统数据获取分析以及食物网构建时有待解决的问题,并指出开展初级生产者与消费者之间的相互作用研究能更利于解析全球变化对海洋食物网结构和功能的影响。     

国防教育对高校新生的心理适应性的作用

为探究高校国防教育对大学新生心理适应性的作用,笔者用自编的经过信效度检验的测量问卷,对某高校部分新生进行测试,并用SPSS软件进行结果分析。分析结果表明,国防教育对提升新生入学后的心理适应性有显著作用。     

Rhizosphere calcareous soil P-extraction at the expense of organic carbon from root-exuded organic acids induced by phosphorus deficiency in several plant species

The amount of organic acids in root exudates rapidly increases under phosphorus (P) deficiency. Loss of carbon from root-exuded organic acids, which are derived from plant net photosynthetic products, is generally considered negligible. The present study aimed to study the characteristics of root-exuded organic acids, extraction of phosphorus (P extraction) in calcareous soil and the expression of organic carbon from root-exuded organic acids in two woody Moraceae plants (Broussonetia papyrifera L. Vent and Morus alba L.) and two herbaceous cruciferous plants (Orychophragmus violaceus L. Schulz and Brassica napus L.) under two P levels (P-normal and P-deficient). P extraction and the amount of root-exuded organic acids simultaneously and disproportionately increased in the four plant species tested under P deficiency. The maximum P-extracting capability of the four plant species was observed after 40 days of treatment. Additionally, the response of root-exuded organic acids induced by P deficiency was species-specific. B. papyrifera extracted more P in calcareous soil, and expended less organic acid for the same P-extraction than M. alba. Similarly, O. violaceus extracted more P in calcareous soil, and consumed less organic acid for the same level of P-extraction than B. napus. Root-exuded oxalic and malic acids accounted for most of the increment of P extraction in woody Moraceae plants, while root-exuded citric acid accounted for most of the increment in P extraction in herbaceous cruciferous plants. B. papyrifera and O. violaceus exhibited the strongest P-extracting capability at lower expense of organic carbon over the treatment duration in the four plant species. O. violaceus had the most rapid response of root-exuded organic acids to P deficiency, while B. napus had the slowest response. Thus, rapid response with low organic carbon cost and high efficiency of extraction on P in calcareous soil may underlie the strong adaptability of B. papyrifera and O. violaceus to a Karst environment.