初配非洲黑鸵鸟繁殖性能观察

14只 2岁非洲黑鸵鸟 (4公 10母 )按公母比例 1∶ 2～ 3分成 4个繁殖组合 ,对产蛋、受精、孵化情况进行观察分析。结果显示 ,每只母鸵鸟年平均产蛋量为 5 5 .2枚 ,最高为 73枚 ,最低为 39枚。 4个组合鸟群之间种蛋的受精率存在显著的差异 (P<0 .0 1) , 组的受精率最高 ,为 5 9.6 % ; 组的受精率最低 ,仅 8.9%。各组的受精蛋孵化率差异不显著 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,平均受精蛋孵化率达到 92 .6 %。受精率较低的原因为公鸟年龄小 ,没有完全达到性成熟     

鸵鸟ND不同免疫程序的免疫效果观察

依据HI抗体水平的检测和攻毒试验比较了鸵鸟ND三种免疫程序的效果。结果表明，A组效果优于B组和C组。A组的免疫程序为：10日龄用lasota疫苗点眼滴鼻、30日龄用lasota疫苗饮水、60日龄用油苗注射，用量均为10头份／只。     

鸵鸟种质资源保存中的体细胞培养

本研究利用皮肤植块法建立了鸵鸟胚胎成纤维细胞 ,并进行了传代、冻存、复苏和染色体核型分析实验。传代实验和染色体核型分析实验表明 ,鸵鸟胚胎成纤维细胞系可在体外存活 7～ 8代 ,且保持核型正常 ,而且 ,细胞冻存和复苏对核型也没有显著影响 ,从而证明利用体外培养的体细胞是进行保种可行的。     

鸵鸟养殖业的发展历程

本文综述了国内外鸵鸟养殖业的概况、养殖技术及鸵鸟养殖业的发展前景及其经济效益     

Nodular trombiculinosis caused by Apolonia tigipioensis, Torres and Braga (1938), in an ostrich (Struthio camelus) and a house sparrow (Passer domesticus)

Nodular trombiculinosis has been reported in Brazil in chickens [Torres, S., Braga, W., 1939. Apolonia tigipioensis, g. e sp. n. (Trombiculinae) parasito de Gallus gallus dom. Chave para determinação de gêneros. Boletim da S.A.I.C. 4, 37–44] and humans [Carneiro, L.S., 1952. Uma nova acaríase humana—Contribuição ao seu estudo. Imprensa Industrial, Recife. Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Recife, Tese Livre Docência, p. 56]. In this report, a juvenile ostrich and a house sparrow, both originating from a riverside property in the town of Petrolina in the state of Pernambuco, presented 87 and eight nodules, respectively, on various locations of their bodies. Physical expression of the nodules liberated parasites that were morphologically identified as mites from the family Trombiculidae. The mites were further identified as Apolonia tigipioensis by the presence of an elongated body form and transversely striated, three pairs of long legs each with seven segments, primary coxae with a single seta, each tarsus terminating with three claws, and a scutum with an anteromedian projection and paired anteromedian setae. Histopathologic examination of skin biopsies from these birds, stained with hematoxilin–eosin, revealed acute parasitic cystic lymphoplasmacytic dermatitis.     

An empowered adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system using self-organizing map clustering to predict mass transfer kinetics in deep-fat frying of ostrich meat plates

Deep-fat frying (DFF) is a cooking process, in which water containing foodstuff is immersed into edible oils or fats at temperatures above the boiling point of water. This process is a fast and easy method to prepare tasty foods; therefore, despite the trend to low-fat foods, deep-fried products enjoy increasing popularity. Moisture content (MC) and fat content (FC) are very important quality indicators for fried foods in terms of health concerns and palatability of the products. This paper presents a new approach based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and self-organizing map (SOM) clustering for more accurate predicting MC and FC during DFF of ostrich meat plates. First the data set of each mass transfer parameter was categorized into two clusters by SOM method, and at the next stage each cluster was fed into an independent ANFIS models with the ability of rule base extraction and data base tuning. To train the ANFIS prediction system, triangular membership function (MF) was chosen. Results showed that the optimized ANFIS model with clustering improved the prediction ability of ANFIS and truly described mass transfer during the DFF (12.46% improvement with R =  0.96 for MC and 5.46% improvement with R = 0.92 for FC). This methodology can also be applied to optimize the operating conditions.     

利用微卫星标记分析鸵鸟遗传多样性

随机采取无直接亲缘关系的68只鸵鸟血样,采用微卫星标记技术对鸵鸟20个微卫星座位进行遗传多样性检测。结果表明,有3个座位(CAU13、CAU36、CAU46)没有多态性,其他17个座位(LEI0094、CAU5、CAU7、CAU8、CAU11、CAU14、CAU15、CAU16、CAU17、CAU22、CAU23、CAU24、CAU32、CAU34、CAU42、CAU43、和CAU57)共检测到142个等位基因,平均每个座位上等位基因数为8.3529±1.2803,平均期望杂合度及多态信息含量分别为0.8468±0.1368和0.8213±0.0321。鸵鸟群体内存在丰富的遗传变异,遗传多样性较高。     

种用鸵鸟体质量体尺与生产性能的相关及回归分析

对135只种用鸵鸟(其中雌鸟91只,雄鸟44只)体质量、体尺及生产性能指标测量和相关及回归分析的结果表明:雌鸟的体质量与体高、体长、体宽、颈长、管围都呈正相关;雄鸟的体质量与体高、体长、体宽、管围呈正相关,而与颈长呈负相关;雌鸵鸟产蛋性能只与颈长表现出显著的正相关,与体高、体质量和管围相关性较小,与体长、体宽表现出负相关;雌、雄鸵鸟体质量与体尺间分别建立回归方程为:Y=-85.59+0.62X1+2.01X2+2.68X3(P<0.05)(Y为体质量,X1为体长,X2为体宽,X3为管围)和Y=-8.64+1.21X1+0.51X2+0.98X3(P<0.05)(Y为体质量,X1为体高,X2为体长,X3为颈长).     

鸵鸟的消化系统

鸵鸟的消化系统是由口咽腔、食管、腺胃、肌胃、小肠、大肠、泄殖腔、肝和胰组成。没有唇和齿,被喙所代替;食管易扩张,没有嗉囊;腺胃与肌胃之间以大的腺胃肌胃口直接相通;盲肠具有两条;肝无胆囊。     

鸵鸟鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的分离鉴定

２只进口鸵鸟在检疫隔离期间先后发病,临床表现为急性死亡,病理变化主要在肝脏,表现为局部坏死。从肝脏分离出２株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌,且证明２株分离菌有较强的致病性。