布鲁氏菌LPS对小鼠巨噬细胞中NLRP3炎症小体转录水平的影响

为研究布鲁氏菌LPS对巨噬细胞中NLRP3炎症小体的影响,本试验提取布鲁氏菌2308、RB51和△WbkA的LPS,以不同浓度与小鼠巨噬细胞相互作用,荧光定量PCR检测其对NLRP3、ASC、Caspase1、IL1-β、IL18转录水平的影响。结果显示RB51LPS和△WbkA LPS上调NLRP3炎症小体相关基因的转录水平,且呈浓度依赖性,而浓度对2308LPS调节NLRP3炎症小体相关基因转录的作用不大;且同一浓度下,RB51LPS和2308LPS比△WbkA LPS更好的调节Caspase1、IL1-β、IL18的转录水平。     

Pathogenicity of a Strain of H5N6 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus in Ducks and Mice

To investigate the pathogenicity of A/Hero/Guangdong/C1/2013(H5N6), an AIV strain isolated from Heron on ducks and mice, pathogenicity of this new virus strain and changing of histopathology as well as a preliminary study on its biological characteristics were studied by virus challenges test via intranasal and eye-drop and in chicken via jugular vein injection.Results showed that the EID₅₀ of this strain of virus was 10^-8.16/0.1 mL in embryonated chicken eggs and the intravenous inoculation of pathogenic index (IVPI) was 2.76.In ducks and mice, the 50% lethal doses (LD₅₀) of it were determined to be 10^-4.0/0.2 mL and 10^-4.67/0.05 mL, respectively.Symptoms of infection included loss of appetite, depression, swollen head and tears after being infected with 10⁶ EID₅₀ per duck by intranasal and eye-drop administration.Most of ducks died 4 to 7 days post-infection, liver, lung and kidney still eliminated toxicants at day 7 post-infection.Anatomy showed symptoms of pericardial effusion, pulmonary congestion and kidney enlargement, while pathological section showed pathological change like karyopycnosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in heart, liver, kidney and spleen.Mice developed symptoms of infection like loss of appetite, depression, shaggy coat and ruffled coat after being infected with 5×10⁵ EID₅₀ per mouse by intranasal and eye-drop administration.Most of the infected mice died 5 to 7 days post-infection and only liver still eliminated toxicants at day 7 post-infection.Although organ anatomy showed no obvious pathological changes, pathological section showed pathological changes like karyopycnosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in heart, kidney and lung.Our research demonstrated that this H5N6 subtype AIV had a strong pathogenicity and could be defined as a highly pathogenic AIV strain as its IVPI was greater than 1.2.Our work laid a theory foundation for study, prevention and control of H5N6 subtype AIV.     

The Expression of Long Noncoding RNA (H19) in Mouse Skeletal Muscle Development

This experiment was intend to study the changes of long non-coding RNA (H19) expression levels in skeletal muscle development and regeneration,and lay the foundation of its mechanism reach in skeletal muscle development.C2C12 cell line and ICR mice were used as experimental material,bioinformatics assay was used to exploit its non-coding character and low conservatism in different species,and the expressions of H19 in C2C12 cell differentiation,skeletal muscle development and the phase of muscle regeneration were detected by quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).The results showed that,H19 expression levels in postnatal mouse skeletal muscle decreased with increasing age;during C2C12 cell differentiation,H19 mRNA increased gradually,and then maintained a high level;The expression of H19 was maintained at a high level through days 4 to 6 after injury.In consideration of its express character in C2C12 cell differentiation and skeletal muscle damage repair model,H19 may play an important role in promoting myogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration.     

miR-21与Nocodazole联合作用对小鼠成肌细胞C2C12周期的影响

观察miR-21与Nocodazole联合作用对小鼠成肌细胞C2C12周期的影响。分别以0、200、300、400、500、600 nmol/L Nocodazole处理C2C12细胞24 h,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期,间接免疫染色激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞有丝分裂器α-微管蛋白(α-tubulin)排列。转染miR-21 mimics/NC和inhibitors/NC,24 h后,添加400 nmol/L的Nocodazole处理24 h,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。结果表明:Nocodazole使C2C12细胞同步化的最佳浓度是400 nmol/L;过表达miR-21 mimics之后,与对照组相比,G0/G1,S期细胞百分比极显著增加,G2/M期细胞百分比极显著减少(P0.01);添加抑制剂后,与对照组相比,添加抑制剂(inhibitors)的C2C12细胞中处于G0/G1期的细胞比例显著高于对照组,而处于G2/M期的细胞比例显著低于对照组细胞(P0.05);正反试验结果证明,miR-21促进C2C12细胞周期进入S期。为进一步研究miR-21对C2C12细胞的作用机制奠定基础。     

高效氯氰菊酯对小鼠卵巢生殖功能的影响及维生素E的干预作用

为探究高效氯氰菊酯 (beta-cypermethrin, β-CP) 对雌性小鼠卵巢生殖功能的影响及维生素E (vitamin E, VE) 的干预作用，将雌性昆白小鼠随机分为6 组:空白对照组 (花生油处理)、β-CP不同剂量 (10、20、40 mg/kg) 处理组、VE保护组 (20 mg/kg β-CP+20 mg/kg VE) 和VE组 (20 mg/kg VE)，连续灌胃10 d。灌胃结束后取小鼠卵巢组织，观察组织结构的病理变化，采用免疫组化法、蛋白免疫印迹试验及RT-PCR方法检测卵巢中StAR蛋白含量及casp-3、casp-8、INHα和INHβB 基因mRNA表达的变化。结果显示:与对照相比，10、20和40 mg/kg的β-CP处理均使小鼠卵巢组织结构发生了损伤，使组织中StAR蛋白的浓度分别降低了18.8%、36.3%和40.3%，casp-3基因的表达分别升高了16.0%、26.7%和52.9%，INHα基因的表达分别升高了34.5%、83.6%和228.7%，INHβB基因的表达分别升高了7.5%、39.2%和52.7%；20和40 mg/kg的β-CP处理使得casp-8基因的表达分别升高了27.1%和36.7%。上述处理组与对照组的差异均达显著水平 (P＜0.05)。与 20 mg/kg β-CP处理组相比，VE 保护组的StAR蛋白含量也显著增多 (P＜0.05)。研究表明，β-CP对小鼠卵巢具有毒性作用，这与β-CP抑制StAR蛋白的合成，上调casp-3、casp-8、INHα及INHβB基因的表达有关；添加VE对小鼠卵巢有一定的保护作用，这与VE可减弱β-CP对StAR蛋白合成的抑制作用有关。     

一种转化后的玉米赤霉烯酮产物对小鼠毒性研究

为研究玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone, ZEN)转化产物3,5-ZEN-OCH_3对小鼠的可能毒性作用,试验选取ICR小鼠40只,随机分成4组:空白对照组(生理盐水)、溶剂对照组(10%乙醇)、ZEN处理组(40 mg/kg)、3,5-ZEN-OCH_3组(40 mg/kg)进行腹腔注射,每天1次,连续5 d,末次处理后第2 d摘眼球采血并脱颈处死动物,分离肝、肾、脾、子宫、睾丸、卵巢,测定脏器系数、血常规、血生化、细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平,组织切片用于病理学观察。结果显示:与溶剂对照组相比,ZEN显著地降低了小鼠的体重和卵巢脏器指数,增加了肝、肾、脾、子宫、睾丸脏器指数;血液中白细胞数明显升高,淋巴细胞数显著减少;血清谷草转氨酶(AST),谷丙转氨酶(ATL),总蛋白(TP),血尿素氮(BUN),肌酐(CREA)含量均明显升高;ZEN组小鼠肝血窦充血;肾小球皱缩;曲细精管损坏严重;子宫肌层变薄,腺体萎缩;卵巢有较多的闭锁卵泡。细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平均极显著升高,3,5-ZEN-OCH_3组小鼠均未见明显上述病变。这提示在相同剂量下3,5-ZEN-OCH_3对小鼠失去毒性作用。     

新型非酒精性脂肪性肝炎小鼠模型的建立

为了开发与人类非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)特征相似的动物疾病模型,本试验利用肝脏特异性Dicer1基因敲除(KO)小鼠,经高脂高糖饮食诱导12周构建了一种新型NASH小鼠模型。试验分为4组包括正常饮食的野生型小鼠组(CW组)、正常饮食的KO小鼠组(CK组)、高脂高糖饮食的野生小鼠组(HW组)、高脂高糖饮食的KO小鼠组(HK组,本试验模型组)。研究结果显示,HK组小鼠体重和肝脏比重升高,谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)水平显著升高;HK和HW组肾周白色脂肪和附睾白色脂肪比重均明显升高;血脂相关指标显示,HK组甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDLC)水平明显升高;口服糖耐量测试(OGTT)结果显示,HW、HK组糖耐量降低;组织病理学方面,HK组和CK组均可见肝脏脂肪变性、肝小叶炎症及纤维化,且HK组程度更为严重;此外,HK组还可见肝细胞气球样,个别肝细胞胞浆内Mallory-Denk小体,以及单个肝细胞凋亡。而HW组仅存在肝细胞脂肪变性。油红O染色证实肝细胞中的空泡为脂肪滴。天狼星红染色显示,HK和CK组存在肝纤维化。综上所述,本试验构建了一种新型非酒精性脂肪性肝炎小鼠模型,与人类NASH在诸多方面特征相似,包括体重增长快、肝功异常、白色脂肪蓄积、血脂异常、糖耐量降低、以及NASH相关的肝脏病理特征。此外,该模型相对诱导周期短,且饮食结构与引起人类NASH的常见的膳食结构相似。这一新模型的建立将有助于NASH疾病机制以及治疗方面的研究。     

过氧化氢和甲醛对SPF级大鼠和小鼠繁殖室消毒效果观察

目的比较观察过氧化氢和甲醛对SPF级大鼠和小鼠繁殖室内表面、台面以及空气的消毒效果,选择消毒效果良好的消毒剂。方法采用空气落下菌检测法和表面细菌拭子检测法,对过氧化氢和甲醛熏蒸SPF级大鼠和小鼠繁殖室的消毒效果进行检测观察。结果SPF级大鼠和小鼠繁殖室分别经过氧化氢和甲醛熏蒸消毒后,进行空气落下菌的检测,过氧化氢和甲醛对大鼠繁殖室和小鼠繁殖室空气的杀菌率分别为100%、97.5%和100%、100%;将墙壁、地面和笼架表面的菌落数进行检测,过氧化氢和甲醛对大鼠繁殖室墙壁、地面和笼架的杀菌率分别为100%、99%、100%和95%、100%、99%,对小鼠繁殖室墙壁、地面和笼架的杀菌率均为100%。结论过氧化氢蒸汽消毒是比较理想的消毒方法,很好地控制了SPF级大鼠和小鼠繁殖室环境微生物,安全性高且消毒效果明显。