甲酸乙酯对三种主要仓储害虫的熏蒸作用

为明确甲酸乙酯对仓储害虫的实际控制效果,避免二氧化碳对熏蒸作用的影响,该研究利用循环熏蒸系统(FTFS),测定甲酸乙酯对米象、赤拟谷盗、谷蠹三种主要仓储害虫混合虫态的熏蒸作用.结果表明:在25℃、70%RH条件下,甲酸乙酯43.34、80.72、99.08、117.74、146.49mg/L 熏蒸处理6 h,对赤拟谷盗和谷蠹混合虫态有很好的控制作用,死亡率大于95.96%;甲酸乙酯80.72、99.08、117.74、146.49mg/L处理对米象混合虫态的杀虫效果较好.甲酸乙酯对米象蛹的杀虫效果较差.     

Novel use of nanostructured alumina as an insecticide

BACKGROUND: The worldwide need to produce an inexpensive and abundant food supply for a growing population is a great challenge that is further complicated by concerns about risks to environmental stability and human health triggered by the use of pesticides. The result is the ongoing development of alternative pest control strategies, and new, lower‐risk insecticidal molecules. Among the recent technological advances in agricultural science, nanotechnology shows considerable promise, although its development for use in crop protection is in its initial stages. RESULTS: This study reports for the first time the insecticidal effect of nanostructured alumina. Two species were used as model organisms, Sitophilus oryzae L. and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), which are major insect pests in stored food supplies throughout the world. Both species experienced significant mortality after 3 days of continuous exposure to treated wheat. Nine days after treatment, the median lethal doses (LD₅₀) observed ranged from 127 to 235 mg kg^?1. CONCLUSION: Comparison of these results with recommended rates for commercial insecticidal dusts suggests that inorganic nanostructured alumina may provide a cheap and reliable alternative for control of insect pests. This study expands the frontiers for nanoparticle‐based technologies in pest management. Further research is needed to identify its mode of action and its non‐target toxicity, and to determine the potential of other nanostructured materials as pest control options for insects. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Efficacy of vaporised ethyl formate/carbon dioxide formulation against stored‐grain insects: effect of fumigant concentration,exposure time and two grain temperatures

BACKGROUND: The ethyl formate/carbon dioxide (CO₂) formulation Vapormate? is a rapid‐acting fumigant being developed for the control of stored‐grain insects. The effects have been investigated of concentration, exposure times of 1, 3, 24 and 72 h and two grain temperatures, 15 and 25 °C, on its efficacy against mixed‐stage cultures of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and strongly phosphine‐resistant Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) strain QRD569. RESULTS: High mortalities (≥92%) of mixed‐stage cultures of all three species were obtained when grain was fumigated with the formulation (193 g m^?3 ethyl formate) for 1 h. Complete control of R. dominica QRD569 and T. castaneum was achieved with 63 and 76 g m^?3 ethyl formate respectively, with exposure for 24 h, whereas mean mortality of S. oryzae was 86% under the same conditions. Mortalities of S. oryzae juvenile stages were significantly lower than adults under the conditions tested, which was due to pronounced tolerance of mid‐stage pupae to the fumigant. Reducing grain temperature from 25 to 15 °C had no effect on insect mortality. CONCLUSION: Ethyl formate/CO₂ formulation is highly effective against stored‐grain insects over a range of concentrations and exposure times. Efficacious fumigations were conducted in as little as 1 h, and a strongly phosphine‐resistant R. dominica strain was readily controlled with the fumigant. Copyright © 2009 CSIRO, Australia. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

缓释环流熏蒸防治磷化氢抗性害虫应用研究

通过应用缓释环流熏蒸的方法,可使磷化氢维持浓度100 mL/m3以上,保持33 d,彻底将磷化氢抗性较高的赤拟谷盗害虫全部杀死,起到较好的防治作用,为抗性害虫的防治工作提出了有效的治理方法。     

适度土壤干旱对贪青小麦茎鞘贮藏性糖运转及籽粒充实的影响

选用春性小麦品种扬麦158和扬麦11为材料,设置出穗后高氮和正常氮两个水平及土壤水分胁迫处理(WS),以正常浇水为对照(WW),研究适度土壤干旱对贪青迟熟小麦籽粒灌浆和茎鞘贮藏性碳水化合物分配的影响。结果表明,在始穗期施用过量氮肥(HN)导致小麦贪青迟熟,主要表现为灌浆速率和产量降低,茎鞘中滞留大量贮藏性糖。在灌浆     

中央储备粮中主要害虫种类及抗性状况调查

通过对246个中央储备粮库磷化氢熏蒸杀虫应用情况的调查信息分析,归纳了当前中央储备粮储藏中通常发生的主要害虫种类及其对应于储粮生态区域分布的差异性,通过对磷化氢熏蒸杀虫难度的调查,研究了储粮害虫对磷化氢的抗性概况,并对磷化氢有效熏蒸杀虫提出大体建议.结果表明,在中央储备粮中实际发生的害虫种类很少,只有米象、玉米象、谷蠹、赤拟谷盗、锯谷盗、长角扁谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、土耳其扁谷盗和书虱常见.而较难熏蒸治理的种类主要是书虱、长角扁谷盗、土耳其扁谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、谷蠹、米象、赤拟谷盗等,且熏蒸治理难度较大的储粮区主要在华南区、华东华中区和西南区.     

中国储粮昆虫历次调查总结与分析

根据2004～2005年进行的全国性储粮昆虫调查,共采集记录储粮昆虫(包括天敌)270种,其中害虫226种,储粮害虫天敌44种,分别隶属于2纲,12目,54科,146属.其中属于昆虫纲的种类有:鞘翅目昆虫31科;鳞翅目昆虫6科;膜翅目昆虫5科;蜚蠊目、半翅目、双翅目昆虫各2科;啮虫目、缨尾目、等翅目、革翅目昆虫各1科.属于蛛形纲的种类有:拟蝎目的拟蝎科;蛛形目的壁钱科.第1至第4次虫调均有的储粮昆虫56种,并提出我国储粮昆虫新记录4种,同时分析了有潜在危险的储粮昆虫和几种重要储粮害虫发生发展情况.     

快速检疫中培养松材线虫的冷藏真菌菌种筛选

松材线虫病是一种通过媒介昆虫携带松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)侵染松树而导致松树迅速死亡的一种毁灭性传染病害。人为调运未经处理或处理不彻底的感病原木、木材、薪材及包装箱等制品是病害扩散的主要原因。随着国际贸易往来和国内各地之间各种形式的交流日益频繁,     

电子鼻技术在粮食质量检测中的应用

对消费者来说,粮食的气味也是衡量其质量的一个重要标准.电子鼻是一种新颖的仿生系统,是用于分析、检测挥发性气味的仪器.为此,综述了电子鼻在粮食质量检测中的应用,主要包括粮食霉变、虫害和储藏年限等方面的研究及其应用现状;最后,展望了电子鼻在粮食检测中的应用前景.     

高纯氮气对储粮害虫致死效果的研究

本研究在30±1 ℃,相对湿度75%±5%的高纯氮气环境中对几种主要储粮害虫进行生物测定并检测结果.玉米象、米象、谷蠹、赤拟谷盗(中山品系)、杂拟谷盗、赤拟谷盗(益阳品系)、嗜卷书虱和锯谷盗的LT50值由大到小排列顺序为34.0 h、32.5 h、32.5 h、13.9 h、13.4 h、12.5 h、5.4 h和5.1 h.不同试虫对高纯氮气环境忍耐能力差异显著.