Dynamic Development of Aphelenchoides besseyi on Rice Plant by Artificial Inoculation in the Greenhouse

A study was done on the relationship between Aphelenchoides besseyi and the symptoms of small grains and erect panicles. This is an important rice disease in Jiangsu Province, China. A. besseyi was extracted from small grains and erect panicles and cultured artificially, and then inoculated into bud and leaf sheaths of seedlings of two Oryza sativa cultivars, namely Zhendao 2 and Wuyunjing 7 in a greenhouse. The effect on rice growth, in particular the small grains and erect panicles, was revealed by the extent of the disease, seed expansion stages, nematode load, and nematode mortality. In contrast to healthy seedlings, the height, length, and the numbers of spikelets of unhealthy panicles of Zhendao 2 were decreased by 6.7, 16.4, and 13.5%, respectively. Before anthesis, nematodes were attracted to the leaf sheath and apical meristem, nematode load increased by 40%; after anthesis, nematodes occurred in spikelets principally and the number increased by 90.8%. The percentages of infected seeds and nematode load were highest in plump seeds and lowest in empty seeds. Nematode mortality on grain with normal endosperm was lower than seeds with abnormal endosperm. Results indicated that A. besseyi was the pathogen in rice with the symptoms of small grains and erect panicles. Wuyunjing 7 manifests only the small grains and erect panicles symptoms and not the symptoms of leaf white-tip. These symptoms of small grains and erect panicles are new symptom records for the disease caused by A. besseyi on rice.     

Dynamic Development of Aphelenchoides besseyi on Rice Plant by Artificial Inoculation in the Greenhouse

A study was done on the relationship between Aphelenchoides besseyi and the symptoms of small grains and erect panicles. This is an important rice disease in Jiangsu Province, China. A. besseyi was extracted from small grains and erect panicles and cultured artificially, and then inoculated into bud and leaf sheaths of seedlings of two Oryza sativa cultivars, namely Zhendao 2 and Wuyunjing 7 in a greenhouse. The effect on rice growth, in particular the small grains and erect panicles, was revealed by the extent of the disease, seed expansion stages, nematode load, and nematode mortality. In contrast to healthy seedlings, the height, length, and the numbers of spikelets of unhealthy panicles of Zhendao 2 were decreased by 6.7, 16.4, and 13.5%, respectively. Before anthesis, nematodes were attracted to the leaf sheath and apical meristem, nematode load increased by 40%; after anthesis, nematodes occurred in spikelets principally and the number increased by 90.8%. The percentages of infected seeds and nematode load were highest in plump seeds and lowest in empty seeds. Nematode mortality on grain with normal endosperm was lower than seeds with abnormal endosperm. Results indicated that A. besseyi was the pathogen in rice with the symptoms of small grains and erect panicles. Wuyunjing 7 manifests only the small grains and erect panicles symptoms and not the symptoms of leaf white-tip. These symptoms of small grains and erect panicles are new symptom records for the disease caused by A. besseyi on rice.     

寒地水稻品种子粒灌浆特性差异及其对结实率的影响

用 L ogistic生长方程 W =K/ (1+ ae-bt)对寒地水稻品种 (系 )强、弱势子粒灌浆过程进行了分析 ,并依配得的 L ogistic方程导出了若干个子粒灌浆特性参数。结果表明 ,强势粒的起始灌浆量、最大灌浆强度高于弱势粒 ,有效灌浆期比弱势粒短 ,最大灌浆速率出现时间和最大灌浆速率期早于弱势粒。强、弱势粒各项灌浆参数均存在品种间差异。相关分析表明 ,强势粒和弱势粒的最大灌浆速率出现时间早、最大灌浆速率期早、平均灌浆强度高 ,弱势粒起始灌浆量大、最大灌浆速率高 ,强弱势粒同步灌浆性强 ;结实率高 ,寒地超高产水稻品种应适当提早抽穗期 ,从而提早弱势粒最大灌浆速率期 ,保证较高结实率水平     

滇型杂交粳稻在旱作条件下的表型特征及其与经济产量相关关系的研究

滇型杂交粳稻的研究与开发在云南高原已有30多年的历史,为云南水稻增产作出了巨大贡献。然而,我们对滇型杂交水稻在旱作条件下的表型特征特性却知之甚少。本研究的主要目的在于鉴定育成滇型杂交稻组合的耐旱特征特性,并对生长速率,其他表型性状与经济产量的相关关系进行研究,以期为滇型杂交稻旱作节水栽培和今后的耐旱育种提供理论依据。试验结果表明,滇型杂交粳稻品种(组合)耐旱性有显著的遗传差异,其中滇杂35产量和结实率均明显高于其它4个参试品种(组合)。小区产量与每穗实粒数和减数分裂期的生长速率相关系数分别为0.96和0.93,达极显著水平,与结实率的相关系数达0.9,为显著水平,表明在以小区产量为目标的育种项目中,使用这些性状可以大大地提高育种效率。     

扬麦158小麦籽粒形态发育动态研究

试验于１９９１～１９９３年在江苏农学院实验农牧场进行，以扬麦１５８为研究材料，分析不同粒位籽粒长、宽、厚增长动态及其与体积、粒重的关系表明：籽粒长、宽、厚度的生长动态用二次曲线拟合，粒重的变化动态用Ｒｉｃｈａｒｄｓ方程拟合，决定系数达极显著水平。长度、宽度、厚度分别在花后２４～２５ｄ、２５～２６ｄ和２８～２９ｄ左右达最大值。通径分析表明，在长、宽、厚度三参数中，宽度对体积的影响最大，长度、厚度影响次之；对粒重的影响，厚度影响最大，长度、宽度次之     

区域绿色小杂粮产地土壤质量评价——以山西省长治市为例

长治市13个县(市)的杂粮产地土壤质量监测和评价结果表明:产地92个样点的综合污染指数均小于0 7,污染等级属安全级,污染水平属清洁水平。土壤有机质含量>15g/kg(Ⅰ级)的占52 17%;10～15g/kg(Ⅱ级)的占33 70%;<10g/kg(Ⅲ级)的占14 13%。土壤全氮含量>1 0g/kg(Ⅰ级)的占32 61%;0 8～1 0g/kg(Ⅱ级)的占28 26%;<0 8g/kg(Ⅲ级)的占39 13%。土壤有效磷含量>10mg/kg(Ⅰ级)的占26 09%;5～10mg/kg(Ⅱ级)的占32 61%;<5mg/kg(Ⅲ级)的占41 30%。土壤有效钾含量>120mg/kg(Ⅰ级)的占91 30%;80～120mg/kg(Ⅱ级)的占7 61%;<80mg/kg(Ⅲ级)的占1 09%。土壤质量整体状况良好,适宜发展A级绿色食品。     

豆科锦鸡儿属Caragana Fabr三个近似种花粉形态的观察

本文利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显徽镜对Caragana Fabr,3个近似种的花粉形态进行了出较观察,试图从花粉形态来探讨3个种在分类上的独立性和亲缘关系。     

CHGXY 250循环间歇式谷物烘干机的研制

介绍了CHGXY 250谷物烘干机的结构和性能特点。该机可移动作业,能很好地实现谷物干燥原理,具有循环和搅拌装置的干燥仓使谷物受热和干燥均匀,保证干燥谷物质量。采用了红外加热、辐射和对流换热等技术的热风炉可用煤、柴和其他物料作燃料,热效率高,单位能耗低。试验表明,该机工作性能稳定,产品质量高,经济效益好。     

种植方式对陆稻和水稻籽粒灌浆及垩白的影响

 【目的】揭示种植方式对籽粒灌浆及垩白的影响。【方法】连续2年以中旱3号（陆稻）和武香粳99-8（水稻）为供试材料，设置覆膜旱种和裸地旱种2种旱种方式，以水层湿润灌溉为对照进行对比试验。【结果】与水种（对照）相比，陆稻覆膜旱种的产量显著低于对照，而水稻覆膜旱种的产量与对照无显著差异，裸地旱种的产量均较对照显著降低。陆稻旱种（覆膜旱种和裸地旱种）后强、弱势粒的相对起始灌浆势（R0/W）、最大灌浆速率（Gmax）、平均灌浆速率（G）均大于对照，活跃灌浆时间（D）小于对照，粒重均高于对照，垩白粒率显著低于对照。水稻旱种后强、弱势粒的R0/W、Tmax和粒重与陆稻旱种的结果相反。水稻覆膜旱种的垩白粒率与对照无显著差异，裸地旱种的垩白粒率显著下降。水稻和陆稻旱种的垩白度均显著减小。稻米的垩白粒率与籽粒的Gmax和G呈极显著和显著负相关。【结论】水稻和陆稻旱种可以增大籽粒的灌浆速率，改善稻米的外观品质。     

榆林沙区黑沙蒿花粉二型性特征观察

以毛乌素沙地南缘榆林沙区的黑沙蒿为研究对象,采用扫描电镜（SEM）显微技术,对其花粉形态特征进行详细的观察描述。结果表明,黑沙蒿花粉粒属单粒小型花粉,具有蒿属植物花粉的共性特征,属于较为进化物种的花粉形态,同时其花粉粒二型性特征亦比较突出。长球形和圆球形2种形态不同的花粉粒,同时存在于同一花药中,长球形花粉粒极轴长(P)23.43（20.10～24.91）μm,赤道(E)轴长16.93（15.81～17.32）μm,P/E=1.38,极轴与赤道轴长度差异显著（P<0.05）,赤道面观椭圆形;圆球形花粉粒极轴与赤道轴近等长,极轴长17.56（16.11～18.43）μm,赤道轴长17.10（15.99～18.01）μm,P/E=1.03,极轴与赤道轴长度差异不显著（P>0.05）,赤道面观圆球形;经T检验,2种形态花粉粒的极轴与赤道轴长度比值P/E,差异达显著水平（P<0.05）。2种形态花粉萌发器官都具3孔沟,但长球形花粉的沟深而细长,边缘整齐光滑,内孔深陷,沟间稍窄,极区面积较小;圆球形花粉的沟较浅较短,沟缘粗糙,内孔外突,沟间较宽,极区面积较大;外壁表面纹饰都为退化小刺与颗粒状纹饰的组合,但刺的分布、基部大小及刺间颗粒的大小和排列等有所差异。样本中长球形花粉粒占比为64.1%,圆球形花粉粒占比为35.9%。