Nitrogen,phosphorus, and potassium effects on biomass yield and flavonoid content of American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora)

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizer on biomass yield and flavonoid content of American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora). Each experiment was carried out two times and consisted of six levels of each nutrient. The regressions gave maxima for dry matter, baicalein yield, and chrysin yield at 446, 412, and 351 kg N/ha for N fertilizer, respectively. Dry matter yield exhibited linear response to P application. The yield of scutellarein, baicalin, baicalein, and chrysin increased with addition of P. The regression gave maximum for dry matter at 208 kg K/ha for K fertilizer. A linear response to K fertilization was observed for scutellarein concentration. P application had the greatest effect on the flavonoids analyzed, whereas K had least, which may be attributed in part to the presence of K in the fritted clay medium.     

黄芩苷的处方前研究

目的 通过处方前研究,阐明黄芩苷原料药（质量分数为85.5%）的基本理化性质。方法 采用HPLC法测定黄芩苷含量,分别进行黄芩苷的平衡溶解度、油水分配系数、破坏性试验、吸湿性考察等处方前研究。结果 原料药中黄芩苷在水中的平衡溶解度为0.0326 mg/mL,较甲醇、正丁醇、乙醇等溶剂低;在pH小于5.0的磷酸盐缓冲液中几乎不溶,其平衡溶解度随着pH值的增大呈增大的趋势;黄芩苷在正辛醇/水中的油水分配系数（P值）为1.19,在正辛醇/磷酸盐缓冲液（pH 2～10）中的P值均比正辛醇/水中的低;黄芩苷不耐碱,且易被氧化;在温度25℃、RH 75%条件下吸湿性较小。结论 该研究可为黄芩苷新制剂原料与剂型的选择、处方设计及工艺优化等提供实验依据。     

短期干旱复水对不同施水黄芩药材质量的影响

试验研究了不同施水处理条件下,短期干旱复水对黄芩药材中黄酮类药效成分积累的影响.对池栽黄芩进行3种不同施水处理2个月,干旱处理7d后复水.高效液相色谱法分别测定干旱前1d、干旱1,3,5,7d及复水2d的黄芩根中黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素及汉黄芩素含量.结果表明:处理组工和处理组Ⅱ的黄芩分别在干旱1～3 d、干旱3～5 d时呈现出干旱胁迫状态,并分别在干旱处理3d、5d时具有显著高于其他处理组的黄芩苷和总黄酮含量；处理组Ⅲ在干旱1～3d时有利于黄酮类物质积累.处理组Ⅱ旱后恢复能力强.3组不同施水处理的黄芩对干旱胁迫响应不同.     

DMSO和Tween-80对黄芩悬浮细胞系的影响

采用植物细胞悬浮培养技术研究了有机溶剂二甲基亚砜（DMSO）和表面活性剂Tween-80对黄芩细胞悬浮系的影响。结果表明：0.5%，1%，5%（v/v）DMSO对黄芩悬浮细胞的生长没有促进作用。在黄芩细胞培养的后期（12d）添加浓度分别为0.5%、1%（v/v）的Tween-80对细胞的生长具有促进作用。5%（v/v）的DMSO和5%（v/v）的Tween-80对悬浮细胞内黄芩甙的积累都具有抑制作用，但能显著促进黄芩甙的胞外释放。     

Baicalin Induces IFN-α/β and IFN-γ Expressions in Cultured Mouse Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells

We studied the effect of baicalin, an extract from Radix Scutellariae (a traditional Chinese medicine) in inducing mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (MPMVECs) to produce interferons (IFNs). MPMVECs were cultured in vitro in the presence of different concentrations of baicalin (10, 20, and 30 μg mL-1), and the cells and the culture media were harvested at various time intervals. The proteins and mRNA levels (relative to β-actin) of IFN-α/β and IFN-γ were analyzed by RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was observed that baicalin substantially up-regulated the expression of IFN-α/β and IFN-γ. In all baicalin-treated groups, the relative levels of IFN-α/β and IFN-γ mRNAs peaked after 12 h of culturing, and IFN-α/β and IFN-γ proteins peaked after 24 h of culturing. These results suggest that baicalin can effectively induce the expression of IFNs in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, and thus potentially act as an antiviral compound. This study may provide background information for developing new antiviral drugs based on baicalin.     

黄芩苷、连翘酯苷对肺微血管内皮细胞分泌IFN-α、IFN-γ的影响

为了研究黄芩苷、连翘酯苷对大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞（pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells,PMVECs）分泌IFN-α、IFN-γ的影响,本试验以体外培养的PMVECs为模型,用ELISA法检测这2种中药成分在不同浓度、不同时间点诱导PMVECs分泌IFN-α和IFN-γ的量。结果表明,黄芩苷在10 μg/mL,24 h时诱导PMVECs分泌的IFN-α和IFN-γ的量均最高,连翘酯苷分别在20 μg/mL、12 h时和5 μg/mL、24 h时诱导PMVECs分泌的IFN-α和IFN-γ的量最高。这一结果为体外筛选诱导PMVECs表达干扰素的中药成分提供了参考,为进一步研究中药成分的抗病毒机理奠定了基础。     

Differences Between the Concentrations in Rabbit Body Fluid of Berberine Hydrochloride, Chlorogenic Acid, Baicalin, and Their Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations

To explore the relationship between the heat-clearing and detoxicating functions and the bacteriostatic actions of berberine hydrochloride （Ber. H）, chlorogenic acid （Chlo. A）, and baicalin （Bai）, their concentrations in rabbit body fluid were compared with their minimal inhibitory concentrations （MICs）. Their concentrations in rabbit blood and tissue fluid were determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography, and their MICs to Escherichia coli were determined by tube dilution method. The results showed that the peak concentrations of Ber. H, Chlo. A, and Bai in rabbit blood were 3.2, 5.03, and 7.63 μg mL^-1, and in rabbit tissue fluid were 0.12, 0.11, and 0.12 μg mL^-1, respectively. Their MICs to E. coli were, respectively, 1.0×10^3, 3.75 × 10^3, and 6.75 ×10^3μg mL^-1, which were far higher than the concentrations in rabbit body fluids. This study indicates that Ber. H, Chlo. A, and Bai have weak bacteriostatic actions and do not reach their effective inhibitory concentrations in rabbit body fluids, and their heat-clearing and detoxicating functions are independent on the bacteriostatic actions.     

不同植物生长调节剂、碳源对黄芩细胞生长及次生代谢产物的影响

本文着重研究了不同植物生长调节剂和碳源对黄芩愈伤组织生长及黄芩素、黄芩苷合成的影响。结果表明．适宜浓度的IAA、NAA、6-BA、2,4-D和蔗糖、葡糖糖、麦芽糖均促进了黄芩细胞的生长。4种植物生长调节剂中IAA、NAA较显著地促进了黄芩苷、黄芩素含量的提高。碳源中仅有40g·L^-1蔗糖的添加显著提高了愈伤组织中黄芩苷含量。3种碳源对促进黄芩素含量提高的影响顺序依次是：蔗糖〉葡糖糖〉麦芽糖。若仅以黄芩苷和黄芩素含量为单独评价指标,则分别选用0．5mg·L^-1·6-BA或1．0mg·L^-1 IAA、0．2mg·L^-1或3．0mg·L^-1NAA较合适;若综合考虑黄芩愈伤组织生长、黄芩苷和黄芩素含量,则3．0mg·L^-1 NAA最为合适．此时愈伤组织干重增殖倍数为4．98,黄芩苷产量为4．81g·L^-1,黄芩素产量为2．72g·L^-1。     

Effect of Baicalin on Cell Permeability of Escherichia coli

The objective of this study was to explore the antibacterial mechanism of baicalin on Escherichia coli. Based on the determination of baicalin on Escherichia coli minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and growth curve, the influence of baicalin on Escherichia coli cells permeability was researched by measuring the conductivity and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) content of bacterial solution. The experimental results showed that baicalin had significantly inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, and its MIC was 6.25 mg/mL.Baicalin could significantly increase the conductivity and AKP content of Escherichia coli bacteria solution.The results suggested that baicalin on antibacterial activity was mainly due to the changes of the cell membrane permeability and the damage of the cell wall.     

黄芩中3种主要黄酮类化合物的提取及测定

为建立简便、快速、准确、重现性好的黄芩中3种主要黄酮类化合物的测定方法,采用了以下条件及参数的高效液相色谱分析方法色谱柱为SupelocosilTMLC18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),以流动相A甲醇-冰醋酸-水(5590)、流动相B甲醇-冰醋酸-水(9055)在0～40min(AB=64～28)进行梯度洗脱,检测波长为275nm,柱温为26℃,流速为1.0mL/min,停止时间30min,进样量10μL。结果表明3种活性成分在30min内能达到完全分离,加样回收率为99.3%～102.1%,相对标准偏差为1.02%～2.45%。