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21.
口蹄疫流行病学及感染机制的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
口蹄疫(Foot-and-mouth disease FMD)是由口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-mouth disease virus FMDV)引起偶蹄动物的一种急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。FMDV有多种血清型及其亚型,目前主要引起动物致病的就有7种,即A、O、C、SATⅠ、SATⅡ、SATⅢ和亚洲Ⅰ型(AsiaⅠ型)。病毒通常在细胞受体的参与下才入侵宿主细胞,进行扩增生命循环,感染宿主细胞,使得该病得以广泛流行。但由于口蹄疫病毒的高度变异性和适应性而在流行中出现新的特点,以及被发现的病毒在动物体内和细胞中长期存在而引发FMDV的持续感染等问题,使得本病不能有效被控制而在许多国家和地区重新暴发和流行。为此本文将口蹄疫病原学、流行病学、病毒细胞受体及其病毒在体内持续感染形成的原因方面进行的论述,为口蹄疫病毒感染机制的研究提供了科学的依据。 相似文献
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弓形虫可感染多种动物引起严重的弓形虫病,为了对不同宿主感染的弓形虫株基因型差异及不同基因型弓形虫虫株的致病力差异进行进一步研究,弓形虫基因型的分析多采用限制性片段长度多态性PCR(PCR-RFLP)、随机扩增多态性DNA、多位点PCR-RFLP分析、DNA序列分析和微卫星DNA序列分析等技术,扩增位点多选择SAG1、SAG2、SAG3、BTUB和GRA6等遗传标记。传统的弓形虫基因型主要有3个,随着基因型研究的不断深入,越来越多的基因型被发现。本文就弓形虫基因分型研究进展进行讨论分析。 相似文献
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Georg Lehner Monika Linek Ross Bond David H. Lloyd Ellen Prenger-Berninghoff Nina Thom Iris Straube Kristien Verheyen Anette Loeffler 《Veterinary microbiology》2014
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) has emerged as a highly drug-resistant small animal veterinary pathogen. Although often isolated from outpatients in veterinary clinics, there is concern that MRSP follows a veterinary-hospital-associated epidemiology. This study's objective was to identify risk factors for MRSP infections in dogs and cats in Germany. Clinical isolates of MRSP cases (n = 150) and methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) controls (n = 133) and their corresponding host signalment and medical data covering the six months prior to staphylococcal isolation were analysed by multivariable logistic regression. The identity of all MRSP isolates was confirmed through demonstration of S. intermedius-group specific nuc and mecA. In the final model, cats (compared to dogs, OR 18.5, 95% CI 1.8–188.0, P = 0.01), animals that had been hospitalised (OR 104.4, 95% CI 21.3–511.6, P < 0.001), or visited veterinary clinics more frequently (>10 visits OR 7.3, 95% CI 1.0–52.6, P = 0.049) and those that had received topical ear medication (OR 5.1, 95% CI 1.8–14.9, P = 0.003) or glucocorticoids (OR 22.5, 95% CI 7.0–72.6, P < 0.001) were at higher risk of MRSP infection, whereas S. pseudintermedius isolates from ears were more likely to belong to the MSSP-group (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.03–0.34, P < 0.001). These results indicate an association of MRSP infection with veterinary clinic/hospital settings and possibly with chronic skin disease. There was an unexpected lack of association between MRSP and antimicrobial therapy; this requires further investigation but may indicate that MRSP is well adapted to canine skin with little need for selective pressure. 相似文献
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本文介绍了一种非氟喹诺酮抗菌新药———T-3811,综述了其体外抗菌活性,并与环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星和曲伐沙星进行了比较。此外,还提出将其作为兽药开发应用的潜在可能性。 相似文献
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一种吻蛭类大鱼蛭在大菱鲆鱼体上的感染 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
在山东省威海崮山育苗场发现大菱鲆成鱼及幼鱼鱼体感染寄生虫,受感染的鱼由于处于感染初期,并经过及时的处理,所占比例较低。病鱼症状为鱼体体色变黑、瘦弱、离群、不摄食甚至死亡。寄生虫寄生于大菱鲆的体表及鳃部,虫体黑褐色,全长40~50mm。经鉴定,该寄生虫属于环节动物门(Annelida),蛭纲(Hirudinea),吻蛭目(Rhynochobdellida Blanchard),鱼蛭科(Piscicolidae Johnson),鱼蛭属(Piscicola Blainville),大鱼蛭(Pisciola magna Yang)。 相似文献
29.
Martins ML Vieira FN Jerônimo GT Mouriño JL Dotta G Speck GM Bezerra AJ Pedrotti FS Buglione-Neto CC Pereira G 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(1):219-222
This study evaluated the total and differential leukocyte counting and the phagocytic activity in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus experimentally injected with Enterococcus sp. in the swim bladder. Fish were distributed in four treatments in triplicates of non-injected fish, fish injected with
1 ml of sterile saline solution 0.65%, and fish injected with 1 × 103 and 1 × 106 colony-forming units (CFU) of Enterococcus diluted in 1 ml sterile saline. Twenty-four hours after injection, the fish were anesthetized and the blood collected for
white blood cell (WBC) counts, differential counting of WBC, and phagocytic activity of blood leukocytes. The increased numbers
of WBC and lymphocytes were followed by decreased number of monocyte after infection. The percentages of phagocytic activities
in the blood were 55.3 and 55.9%, respectively, in tilapia injected with 1 × 103 and 1 × 106 CFU/ml. 相似文献
30.
Jared R. Patch Pervaiz A. Dar Ryan Waters Felix N. Toka Jose Barrera Christopher Schutta Ganesh Kondabattula William T. Golde 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2014
Natural killer (NK) cells play a role in innate antiviral immunity by directly lysing virus-infected cells and producing antiviral cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ). We developed a system for characterizing the bovine NK response to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which causes a disease of cloven-hoofed animals and remains a threat to livestock industries throughout the world. IL-2 stimulation of PBMC resulted in poor killing of human K562 cells, which are often used as NK target cells, while lysis of the bovine BL3.1 cell line was readily detected. Depletion of NKp46-expressing cells revealed that 80% of the killing induced by IL-2 could be attributed to NKp46+ cells. In order to characterize the response of NK cells against FMDV in vivo, we infected groups of cattle with three different strains of the virus (A24 Cruzeiro, O1 Manisa, O Hong Kong) and evaluated the cytolytic ability of NK cells through the course of infection. We consistently observed a transient increase in cytolysis, although there was variation in magnitude and kinetics. This increase in cytolysis remained when CD3+ cells were removed from the preparation of lymphocytes, indicating that cytolysis was independent of MHC-T cell receptor interaction or γδ T cell activation. In contrast, animals monitored following vaccination against FMDV did not exhibit any increase in NK killing. These data suggest that NK cells play a role in the host immune response of cattle against FMDV, and contrast with the suppression of NK activity previously observed in swine infected with FMDV. 相似文献