种业市场渠道中的串货现象与应对策略

随着种业市场竞争的加剧,市场营销中的窜货现象最使经营者头疼。窜货即产品越区销售,也叫倒货、冲货。它往往导致市场秩序混乱,使种业生产公司与经销商关系恶化,从而破坏原有的销售网络,导致最终双方销售额和利润的降低。     

Effects of Ultra-drying on Viability and Physiological Characteristics of Platycladus orientalis Seed from Arid and Semiarid Areas of Northwest China

In order to supply quality seed for vegetation restoration in arid and semiarid areas of Northwest China, the effects of Platycladus orientalis seed storage under ultra-drying and accelerated aging were studied. The seeds were dried from 6.8% to 5.1%, 4.4%, 3.7% and 2.2% MC, respectively, in a desiccator with the silica gel. The germination energy, germination percentage, germination index and vigor index of the seed were investigated. After ultra-drying, groups of seeds were carried on the accelerated agin...     

Effect of spatial scale and topography on spatial heterogeneity of soil seed banks under grazing disturbance in a sandy grassland of Horqin Sand Land, Northern China

Soil seed banks play an important role in the distribution and composition of plant communities in semiarid grassland ecosystems.However,information on how spatial scale influences the spatial heterogeneity of soil seed banks in a grassland under grazing disturbance is still lacking.Based on field sampling and greenhouse germination,we measured the species composition and seed density of soil seed banks at different spatial scales (30 m×30 m,30 m×60 m and 30 m×90 m)along a topographical gradient in a sandy grassland in Horqin Sand Land, Northern China.By applying geostatistical methods,we examined how spatial scale and topography affected the spatial distribution of soil seed banks in the study area.Our results showed that the total number of species in soil seed banks,as well as the number of dominant annuals,increased with the increase of spatial scales.Seed density in soil seed banks decreased with the increase of spatial scales due to an increase in the slopes and relative heights of the sampling points.Geostatistical analysis showed that the relative structural variance(C/(C0+C))of seed density and species richness were over 65%for all spatial scales,indicating that these variables had an obvious spatial autocorrelation and the spatial structured variance accounted for the largest proportion of the total sample variance.Spatial autocorrelation of seed density in soil seed banks increased with the increase of measured scales,while that of species richness showed a reverse trend.These results suggest that the total number of species in soil seed banks is spatial scale dependent and lower topography may accommodate more seeds.Spatial distribution of seed density in soil seed banks is also scale dependent due to topographic variation.Grassland management,therefore,needs to consider local grazing disturbance regime,spatial scale and topography.     

Effects of vegetation cover on recruitment of Ulmus pumila L. in Horqin Sandy Land,northeastern China

Understanding the effects of vegetation cover on seedling survival is helpful for promoting vegetation restoration in environmentally fragile zones. This study was conducted in the desertified, moving sand dunes of Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. We hyphothesized that(1) seed density(i.e., number/m2) increases as vegetation cover increases, and(2) there will be more surviving seedlings in locations with higher vegetation covers. Total vegetation cover and initial densities of seeds, germinated seeds and surviving seedlings of Ulmus pumilia were evaluated under various vegetation covers in trying to clarify the effects of vegetation cover on the early stages of the plant life history. In agreement with the first hypothesis, initial seed densities were greater(P<0.05) under higher vegetation covers. The relationship between vegetation cover and initial seed density was represented by a quadratic regression, where a threshold occurred with a vegetation cover of 36%(P<0.05). The higher total vegetation covers, however, did not result in increased densities of germinated seeds(P>0.05), which on average represented 16.7% of initial seed densities. Even more, three months after the study initiation, total vegetation covers were similar(P>0.05) at all positions in the dunes, and they determined a similar number(P>0.05) of surviving seedlings at those positions(i.e. the second hypothesis had to be rejected). The mean number of seed- lings that survived at all positions was only 4.5% of germinated seeds. The number of surviving elm seedlings(0 to 1.7 seedlings/m2) under various vegetations covers(12.2% to 20.8%) at all dune positions by late summer would most likely not contribute to vegetation restoration in the study area.     

Mapping of three QTLs for seed setting and analysis on the candidate gene for qSS-1 in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

The lower seed setting is one of the major hindrances which face grain yield in rice.One of the main reasons to cause low spikelet fertility（seed setting）is male sterility or pollen abortion.Notably,pollen abortion has been frequently observed in advanced progenies of rice.In the present study,149 BC₂F₆ individuals with significant segregation in spikelet fertility were generated from the cross between N040212（indica）and Nipponbare（japonica）and used for primary gene mapping.Three QTLs,qSS-1,qSS-7 and qSS-9 at chromosomes 1,7 and 9,respectively,were found to be associated with seed setting.The recombinant analysis and the physical mapping information from publicly available resources exhibited that the qSS-1,qSS-7 and qSS-9 loci were mapped to an interval of 188,701 and 3741 kb,respectively.The seed setting responsible for QTL qSS-1 was further fine mapped to 93.5 kb by using BC₂F₇ population of 1 849 individuals.There are 16possible putative genes in this 93.5 kb region.Pollen vitality tests and artificial pollination indicated that the male gamete has abnormal pollen while the female gamete was normal.These data showed that low seed setting rate relative to qSS-1may be caused by abnormal pollen grains.These results will be useful for cloning,functional analysis of the target gene governing spikelet fertility（seed setting）and understanding the genetic bases of pollen sterility.     

Growth of ADP point seed crystal (100) surface

growth experiments of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) point seed crystal were employed. And it is shown that the growth rate of (100) surface increases linearly with the increase of super saturation under the conditions of 0.005 kT/ωs~ 0.03 kT/ωs for phase transition drive force and 20~40 ℃ for the growth temperature. The growth rate of (100) surface increases exponentially with the rise of temperature when drive force is constant. The kinetics mechanism of crystal surface growth is in agreement with the screw dislocation growth under the condition of bulk diffusion transfer mechanism. There is death zone resulting from thermodynamic factors in crystal growth when the drive force is less than the critical value. The growth rate of (100) surface increases nonlinearly with increasing super saturation when drive force is within 0.05 kT/ωs~0.11 kT/ωs. The crystal growth is dominated by the 2D nucleation mechanism with the existence of other growth mechanisms.     

杀菌剂拌种防治草坪草病害的研究进展

综述了国内外用杀菌剂拌种防治草坪草病害的研究进展.现已报道,早熟禾、黑麦草和高羊茅3属草坪草常见的种带与土传真菌病害14类,病原真菌54种;其中最常见的包括立枯丝核菌、德氏霉、腐霉、镰刀菌、细交链孢和壳针孢等.常用杀菌剂福美双、甲基硫菌灵、三唑酮和甲霜灵等对草坪草主要病原真菌的室内防效明显,其中对福美双反应极敏感的病原真菌有禾谷德氏霉,对甲基硫菌灵反应极度敏感的病原真菌有禾顶囊壳、粉红粘帚霉和瓶霉菌等,对三唑酮反应敏感的真菌有串珠镰孢、禾顶囊壳、结缕草锈菌、颖枯壳针孢和立枯丝核菌,甲霜灵主要对腐霉有效.田间条件下杀菌剂拌种可提高草坪草种子发芽率和田间出苗.杀菌剂拌种时要尽量避免在防治一种病害的同时,可能会导致另一种原本不重要病害的大发生.杀菌剂应向着在植物体内、土壤、大气和水体中无残留或有微量残留也可以在短期内降解,生成无毒天然物质而向完全融入大自然的方向发展,这是草地农业生态系统可持续发展的一种必然趋势.     

新麦草种子产量的水肥耦合模型分析

采用二因素五水平正交组合设计方案,建立回归模型并进行效应解析后表明,肥对新麦草种子产量的效应大于水;水对新麦草种子产量作用为负效应;但是水肥耦合对新麦草种子产量的效应为协同效应.按照新麦草种子生产水肥因子的等效点方程可调整水肥因子.新麦草种子最高产量的施肥量为179.93 kg/hm2 (其中N:105.84 kg/hm2;P2O5:74.09 kg/hm2)～195.89 kg/hm2 (其中N:115.23 kg/hm2;P2O5:80.66 kg/hm2), 灌溉量为60.52～131.81 mm.     

生长调节剂对羊草生长及种子产量的影响

通过田间试验研究了不同浓度多效唑(PP333)、矮壮素(CCC)和抗倒酯(TE)对人工种植的二年龄羊草(Leymus chinensis)生长及种子产量性状的影响。结果表明:在羊草分蘖期施用多效唑、矮壮素和抗倒酯均使羊草株高、穗长降低,而生殖枝数、基部茎粗、小穗数和种子产量增加,且以多效唑处理效果最明显。生长调节剂种类与浓度对羊草种子产量有显著影响。当处理浓度为0.6,1.2和1.8kg/hm2时,多效唑处理种子产量比对照分别增长1.63,3.32和4.18倍(P0.05);矮壮素处理种子产量比对照分别增长16.10%,113.12%和161.43%(P0.05);抗倒酯在1.8kg/hm2处理下种子产量比对照增长103.98%(P0.05),其余浓度间种子产量差异不显著(P0.05)。在12个处理组合中,多效唑喷施浓度为1.8kg/hm2处理种子产量最高(260.6kg/hm2),其次为多效唑喷施浓度为1.2kg/hm2处理(217.3kg/hm2)。因高浓度(1.8kg/hm2)多效唑处理对羊草生长抑制较重以及土壤残留药剂较多等问题,在羊草分蘖期喷施1.2kg/hm2多效唑较适宜。     

论甘肃建成我国重要草类种子生产基地的可能与前景

通过分析国外草类种子生产概况、甘肃省草类种子的生产条件、生产现状、生产技术以及与国外的差距及发展前景,提出将甘肃建成美国俄勒岗州式的中国草类种子生产基地的建议,以及今后的工作重点和应用的技术措施,对指导甘肃牧草种子产业化升级具有重要的参考价值。