杀菌剂拌种防治草坪草病害的研究进展

综述了国内外用杀菌剂拌种防治草坪草病害的研究进展.现已报道,早熟禾、黑麦草和高羊茅3属草坪草常见的种带与土传真菌病害14类,病原真菌54种;其中最常见的包括立枯丝核菌、德氏霉、腐霉、镰刀菌、细交链孢和壳针孢等.常用杀菌剂福美双、甲基硫菌灵、三唑酮和甲霜灵等对草坪草主要病原真菌的室内防效明显,其中对福美双反应极敏感的病原真菌有禾谷德氏霉,对甲基硫菌灵反应极度敏感的病原真菌有禾顶囊壳、粉红粘帚霉和瓶霉菌等,对三唑酮反应敏感的真菌有串珠镰孢、禾顶囊壳、结缕草锈菌、颖枯壳针孢和立枯丝核菌,甲霜灵主要对腐霉有效.田间条件下杀菌剂拌种可提高草坪草种子发芽率和田间出苗.杀菌剂拌种时要尽量避免在防治一种病害的同时,可能会导致另一种原本不重要病害的大发生.杀菌剂应向着在植物体内、土壤、大气和水体中无残留或有微量残留也可以在短期内降解,生成无毒天然物质而向完全融入大自然的方向发展,这是草地农业生态系统可持续发展的一种必然趋势.

Studies progress of fungicide seed treatments on the control of turfgrass diseases

This paper reviews the effectiveness of fungicide seed treatment on turfgrass disease control.The following parameters were used in this review: 14 genus of seed-and soil-borne fungi diseases,54 species of pathogen fungi,which having in common on Poa,Lolium and Festuca arundinacea,including Rhizoctonia solani,Drechslera spp.,Pythium spp.,Fusarium spp.,Alternaira alternate and Septoria spp.Effects of fungicide on turfgrass pathogen fungi by thiram,thiophanate-methyl,triadimenfon and metalaxyl in lab,the results showed that the most susceptive of pathogen fungi was Drechslera graminea to thiram,the most susceptive of pathogen fungi was Gaeumannomyces graminis,Gliocladium roseum,Phialophora sp.to thiophanate-methyl,the most susceptive of pathogen fungi was Fusarium moniliforme,Gaeumannomyces graminis,Puccinia zoysia,Septoria nodorum and Rhizoctonia solani to triadimenfon,while metalaxyl was avaliability to Pythium spp.Fungicide seed treatments can improve germination of turfgrass seed and seedling establishment under field conditions.Fungicides should be along no-poison and infiltrate into the plant,soil,water and air without leaving any residual effects.This kind of fungicide is to be expected and it should be need for continual development of the whole pastoral agriculture ecosystem.