现行《动物检疫管理办法》在实际应用中存在的问题及建议分析

做好动物检疫工作,不仅可促进当地家畜及畜产品的流通和贸易,提高畜牧业的经济效益,而且对加强动物疫病防控,保障动物及动物产品安全都具有十分重要的经济效益和社会效益。原中华人民共和国农业部制定的《动物检疫管理办法》,自2010年3月执行以来,时至今日,已有7~8年的历程了,笔者作为一名基层检疫人员,就本办法执行以来存在的问题及建议分析如下。     

增强检验检疫能力积极应对外来生物入侵

生物入侵对我国的经济、生态系统、生物多样性、人类健康和社会稳定所造成的危害及我国应对外来生物入侵的现状及存在的不足进行了评述,并提出了应对外来生物入侵的措施。     

稻水象甲的发生规律及综合防治

通过对检疫虫害稻水象甲的为害特点、生活习性和发生消长规律的的分析研究,简要介绍了对稻水象甲的防治方法。     

Development of a specific pathogen free population of the Chinese fleshy prawn, Fenneropenaeus chinensis: Part II. Secondary quarantine

The Oceanic Institute (OI), in collaboration with researchers from the University of Arizona (UAZ), established a population of specific pathogen free (SPF) Fenneropenaeus chinensis through Secondary Quarantine (SQ) in Kona, Hawaii. Shrimp were 0.38 g (S.D. ± 0.13 g) when they entered the nursery/growout module of the SQ facility. Juveniles from five maternal families were stocked in separate 230-L nursery tanks, as was a sixth family comprised of shrimp from two of the seven original spawns. After tagging, representative shrimp from all six families were stocked in a 50-m² concrete raceway that was enclosed in a biosecure greenhouse. After 155 days in the growout module, mean shrimp weight was 23.4 g (S.D. ± 7.25 g) and females (29.1 ± 4.61 g) were 74% larger than males (16.7 ± 2.44 g). A Sprung Structure™ was erected to enclose the biosecure maturation and hatchery module of the SQ facility. Broodstock were subjected to an acclimation process where they were kept in seawater at 22 °C, followed by a reduction in water temperature of 1 °C/day until the temperature reached 17 °C. At this time, unilateral eyestalk ablation was performed on female broodstock and water temperature was further reduced at the same rate until it reached 12 °C. After 2 weeks, water temperature was raised to 17 °C at a rate of 1 °C/day to induce ovarian development. Production of an F₁ generation of Fe. chinensis was successfully accomplished using artificial insemination, and representative shrimp from this generation have tested negative for all specifically listed pathogens using histology and PCR/RT-PCR. Of particular interest with Fe. chinensis is their cold tolerance. This species may represent a valuable resource for shrimp farmers in temperate and sub-tropical climates to grow a second “winter” crop, thereby increasing production and profitability for the shrimp farmer.     

松材线虫rNDA-ITS1区分子检测与鉴定

利用两对松材线虫特异性引物，分别对来自日本、美国和葡萄牙的松材线虫虫样进行PCR检测，成功扩增出330bp和220bprDNA-ITS1区基因片段，该方法对松材线虫成虫或幼虫均能作出准确鉴定。     

The Bovine Tuberculosis Campaign in Mexico： Present and Perspectives

Mexico is considered by different international organizations as a country where the bovine tuberculosis is an endemic problem. However, there are important and consistent improvements in eradicating the disease by the implementation of government policies and with the livestock organization support. The current situation of the program shows good results regarding decreasing the prevalence, and as a consequence, the risk of this disease for public health and animal health, as well as the improvement in animal production and international and national trade. Today, the bovine tuberculosis distribution is almost known in Mexico. In addition, a series of controls and indicators have been established, which allow maintain consistency and reliability in the data that are managed and analyzed.     

出口笤帚易携带的储藏物害虫及其监管措施

指出了出口笤帚容易携带储藏物害虫,存在一定的检疫风险。对出口笤帚中容易携带的储藏物害虫种类进行了总结,分析了不同害虫的风险性,并提出了相应的检疫监管措施,以利于出口笤帚检疫监管工作的开展,促进地方经济的发展。     

应用纳米磁珠快速检测芒果果核象甲

利用纳米磁珠(magnetic nanoparticles,MNP)的磁性分离特性,结合PCR技术,建立一种简单方便的芒果果核象甲Sternochetus mangiferae检测新方法。该方法可以较简便的提取出昆虫的DNA,且用时仅10min左右,相对普通DNA提取试剂盒效率明显提升。     

我国口岸截获的软体动物及其检疫防控对策

对2011年全国口岸截获的软体动物进行了统计分析,全国口岸共截获软体动物10种,316批次,主要包括非洲大蜗牛(Achatina fulica Bowdich)、同型巴蜗牛(Bradybaena similaris Ferussac)、散大蜗牛(Helix aspersa Müller)、攻击茶蜗牛(Theba impugnata Mousson)、中国琥珀螺(Succinea chinensis Pfeiffer)、野蛞蝓(Agriolimax agrestisL.)6种有害生物,还有4种未鉴定到种,只鉴定到腹足纲、巴蜗牛科等,其中非洲大蜗牛、散大蜗牛是检疫性软体动物,需加强检疫,以防止其传播扩散.     

赫氏真厚螺的检疫鉴定

赫氏真厚螺Euhadra herklotsi是一种重要的园艺有害生物。本文采用贝壳形态、生殖系统解剖和分子生物学相结合的方法对福建口岸截获的一种蜗牛进行检疫鉴定, 结果表明, 该蜗牛为赫氏真厚螺, 并与近似种的形态鉴别特征进行了比较, 讨论了蜗牛序列比对鉴定方法的适用性, 为国境口岸防御该蜗牛的入侵提供了科学依据。