猪CTSZ基因的克隆及真核表达载体的构建

组织蛋白酶Z基因(Cathepsin Z gene, CTSZ)是影响猪生长、肉质等性状的一个重要候选基因.本研究以长白猪的背最长肌为试验材料,采用RT-PCR的方法克隆CTSZ基因CDS序列全长,对该序列进行了生物信息学分析,并构建pEGFP-N1-CTSZ融合表达载体,通过脂质体介导瞬时转染猪成纤维细胞,30 h后进行荧光表达检测.结果本试验克隆出猪CTSZ基因CDS全序列912 bp,并成功构建pEGFP-N1-CTSZ融合表达载体,瞬时转染后在猪成纤维细胞中表现为绿色荧光蛋白表达.本试验为进一步研究该基因的生物学功能奠定了基础.     

我国小麦地方品种蚂蚱麦、小白冬麦、游白兰、红卷芒抗白粉病性遗传分析

我国地方品种是小麦白粉病抗性的重要来源之一,为了对地方品种抗源的利用奠定基础,采用常规杂交方法,以感病品种Chancellor分别与我国小麦抗病地方品种蚂蚱麦、小白冬麦、游白兰、红卷芒进行正交和反交,获得F₁、F₂代。根据白粉菌菌株的毒谱选用E09菌株对Chancellor与小白冬麦、游白兰、红卷芒的杂交后代进行苗期抗性鉴定和统计分析,选用E30菌株对Chancellor与蚂蚱麦的杂交后代进行苗期抗性鉴定和统计分析。结果表明4个品种在正、反交情况下均表现出由一对隐性基因控制的抗性,说明这4个地方品种属于核遗传,其抗性是由一对隐性基因控制的。     

水稻地方品种群体内的遗传多样性分析

【目的】研究水稻地方品种群体内的遗传多样性,为水稻地方品种的有效保护和利用提供理论依据。【方法】以来自云南省不同地区的齐头谷、大白糯、香谷、九月糯、接骨糯、冷水谷、黄版所、麻线谷等8个水稻地方品种为试验材料,分析7个主要农艺性状在群体内的表型变异,利用11对SSR引物进行水稻地方品种群体内的遗传多样性分析。【结果】在7个主要农艺性状中,穗抽出度、有效穗数和穗粒数在地方品种群体内的变异系数较大,分别为37.5%～950.1%,32.0%～49.4%和17.8%～37.5%,而剑叶宽和株高在地方品种群体内的变异系数较小,分别为8.2%～13.7%和4.5%～14.3%。8个水稻地方品种各群体内等位基因数的变幅为27～55个,每个位点的平均等位基因数为2.45～5.00个;稀有等位基因(基因频率小于5%)比率除麻线谷较小(26.0%)外,其余地方品种均较大,为43.2%～69.0%;平均Nei基因多样性指数变异在0.108 3～0.534 2,平均为0.281 3,在各地方品种间表现出极显著差异。AMOVA分析表明,地方品种群体间的变异率为65.9%,而群体内的变异率为34.1%;11对SSR引物中,RM333、RM257和RM180在各群体内既表现出较多的等位基因数(Na),分别为7.50,5.63和4.50个;又表现出较高的Nei基因多样性指数(He),分别为0.503 6,0.413 9和0.350 3。【结论】穗抽出度、有效穗数和穗粒数在地方品种群体内的表型多样性较高,而剑叶宽和株高在地方品种群体内的表型多样性较低。水稻地方品种群体内具有较高的遗传多样性,且在地方品种间表现出显著差异;AMOVA对水稻地方品种群体的遗传变异分析表明,有1/3的差异来源于群体内;RM333、RM257、RM180适合用于云南水稻地方品种群体内的遗传多样性检测。     

川、渝地方茶树品种的遗传多样性和群体结构

利用自主开发的EST-SSR标记分析了四川（川）和重庆（渝）的90份地方茶树品种资源的遗传多样性和群体结构。84对EST-SSR引物在供试样本中共扩增出275个等位位点,平均每对引物可鉴定3.3个等位位点,平均位点杂合度为0.33。90份地方品种的平均基因多样性（H）和多态性信息含量（PIC）分别为0.462、0.407。比较分析表明,重庆地方茶树品种的遗传多样性略高于四川,川、渝南部（Lat.相似文献   

新疆小麦地方品种籽粒硬度及其Puroindoline 基因等位变异研究

[目的]籽粒硬度是重要的小麦品质性状,了解新生疆小麦地方品种籽粒硬度的变异类型和分布,为新疆小麦品质育种提供遗传信息.[方法]利用单籽粒硬度仪(SKCS)和PCR扩增、酶切及DNA测序技术,结合改良的Friabilin提取及电泳分析方法,对105份新疆小麦地方品种的籽粒硬度及Pina和Pint等位基因进行研究.[结果]新疆小麦地方品种以硬质类型为主,平均硬度值为63.5.新疆小麦地方品种Puroindoline基因共有9种突变型,分别是Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a,Pina-D1a/Pinb-Dlb,Pina-D1a/Pint-D1p,Pina-D1k ()/,Pina-D1l/Pinb-D1a,Pina-D1r/Pinb-D1a,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1ab,Pina-D1a/Pint-Dlac和Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1p,其中Pina-D1 r/Pinb-D1a为新发现的突变型.新疆小麦地方品种Puroindoline基因型以Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p为主导类型,共有62份,占59.1;;其Pina-D1k()/和Pina-D1 a/Pint-D1ab两种突变型与其地理来源和生态型密切相关,主要分布在南疆冬小麦中.Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a(野生型)的硬度值显著低于突变型,Pina-Dlk()/的硬度值最高,但Pins-D1k ()/ ,Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1p和Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1ab的硬度值差异不显著.[结论]新疆小麦地方品种籽粒硬度及其Puroindoline等位变异和分布信息能为新疆小麦品质改良和引种提供理论依据.     

小麦地方品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基多样性分析

采用SDS-PAGE方法,对我国9个麦区的76份代表性地方品种的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成比较分析,并探讨其与环境因素(平均海拔、年平均降雨量和年平均温度)的相关性。结果表明,25.0%的品种具有异质性,分别包含2~4种不同HMW-GS组合;在Glu-1位点共检测到14个等位变异,其中Glu-A1、Glu-B1和Glu-D1等位变异数分别为2、7和5;发现了3个新等位变异,包括Glu-B1位点2个和Glu-D1位点1个。所有等位变异构成16种不同的亚基组合类型,以(N, 7+8, 2+12)为主,频率为69.7%。在Glu-1位点上,不同麦区遗传多样性分布存在一定的不均衡性,年平均降雨量和年平均温度与麦区多样性指数呈负相关。推测环境压力可能是地方品种多样性地区分化的重要因素。     

黄淮麦区新选小麦品种（系）及农家种HMW-GS等位变异分析

【目的】比较分析黄淮麦区111个最新选育小麦品种(系)及39个农家种的高分子量谷蛋白亚基的组成和等位变异,为黄淮麦区优质小麦品种的选育和品质改良提供科学依据。【方法】应用SDS-PAGE方法,比较黄淮麦区新育成小麦品种(系)和农家种的高分子量谷蛋白亚基的遗传组成,并进行了统计分析。【结果】在新选育的小麦品种(系)中,Glu-1位点有10个等位变异,19个不同的亚基组合,其中3个主要的亚基组合分别为(1、7+9、2+12),(1、7+9、5+10)和(null、7+9、2+12),其出现的频率分别为20.7%,10.8%和9.9%,平均品质评分为6.9分;在小麦农家种中,Glu-1位点有7个等位变异,5个不同的亚基组合,出现频率最高的亚基组合是(null、7+8、2+12),占90.0%,平均品质评分为6分。此外在农家种"半截芒"的Glu-B1位点发现了新的亚基7**+8**。【结论】通过50余年的品种选育,黄淮麦区小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成在Glu-A1位点的1亚基比例有了很大提高;在Glu-D1位点,亚基类型得到了丰富,而且出现了26.1%的5+10亚基。但该麦区含有优质亚基2*、13+16、17+18基因型的材料比较贫乏。     

长白猪甘露聚糖结合凝集素-C基因启动子区的克隆与序列分析

摘要：根据GenBank上已发表的猪甘露聚糖结合凝集素C基因启动子区序列,设计一对特异性引物,通过RT-PCR法成功的从长白猪肝脏中克隆到MBL-C基因启动子区序列。扩增序列全长2030bp,与已发表的该序列相比具有3个SNPs位点,即-1636位点为T,-1614位点为A,-251位点为C,在-251位点与高水平表达的pMBL-C启动子区位点不同,从A突变为C。本研究为下一步分析pMBL-C的启动子区多态性奠定了基础。     

Contrasting genetic variation amongst lentil landraces from different geographical origins

Lentil landraces from South Asia exhibit a low diversity and discordance with landraces from other countries according to a combination of qualitative and quantitative agromorphological characters. They exhibit specific phenological adaptation to the South Asian environment which precludes the direct use of alien germplasm in breeding programs in South Asia. An understanding of the genetic relationships and diversity of South Asian lentil landraces, in relation to landraces from other countries, is important in attempting to widen the genetic base of germplasm in the region. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic relationships between lentil landraces from 3 South Asian countries (India, Nepal and Pakistan) and those from 13 other countries and to determine their relative genetic diversities, using both isozyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Polymorphisms were observed for 7 isozyme loci (16 alleles) and 22 RAPD loci. According to Nei's genetic distance, germplasm from Afghanistan clustered with that from the South Asian countries. The germplasm from these countries was striking different to that from the other countries studied. Based on genetic distance estimates from RAPD analysis, the countries with the lowest diversity were Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nepal. These data support evidence at the morphological level of a genetic bottleneck in lentil landraces from South Asia. Genetic relationships between countries outside the South Asian group are discussed. Classification into macrosperma and microsperma types did not reflect overall country relationships. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Genetic contribution of Chinese landraces to the development of sorghum hybrids

The origin of sorghum hybrids developed in China in the past several decades was analyzed in order to assess genetic contribution of Chinese landraces (Kaoliang) to the sorghum hybrids, to evaluate the genetic diversity existing in the A-lines and R-lines mainly used in breeding programs, and to outline a proper strategy for the future development of sorghum improvement. Basically, Chinese sorghum landraces have played an important role in the development of R-lines while foreign germplasm have played an essential role in the development of A-lines. Because cytoplasmic male-sterility has not been certainly found in Chinese sorghum, cytoplasmic and nuclear genetic backgrounds of A-lines will continue to depend on foreign sorghum types in the future. Genetic diversification including cytoplasmic diversification has to be a priority in future hybrid breeding and production. To obtain superior hybrid vigor, Chinese sorghum germplasm will have to play a more important role in hybrid breeding programs in the future. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.