Vitamin and mineral supplementation and rate of gain during the first trimester of gestation affect concentrations of amino acids in maternal serum and allantoic fluid of beef heifers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of feeding vitamin and mineral (VTM) supplement and (or) rate of gain (GAIN) during early gestation on amino acid (AA) concentrations in allantoic fluid (ALF) and amniotic fluid (AMF) and maternal serum. Seventy-two crossbred Angus heifers (initial BW = 359.5 ± 7.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with main effects of VTM supplement (VTM or NoVTM) and rate of gain (GAIN; low gain [LG], 0.28 kg/d, vs. moderate gain [MG], 0.79 kg/d). The VTM treatment (113 g•heifer⁻¹•d⁻¹, provided macro and trace minerals and vitamins A, D, and E to meet 110% of the requirements specified by the NASEM in Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/19014, 2016) was initiated 71 to 148 d before artificial insemination (AI). To complete the factorial arrangement of treatments, at breeding heifers were either maintained on the basal diet (LG), or received MG diet which was implemented by adding a protein/energy supplement to the LG diet. Thirty-five gestating heifers with female fetuses were ovariohysterectomized on d 83 of gestation and maternal serum, ALF, and AMF were collected. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of neutral AA: Ala, Asn, Cys, Gln, Gly, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Pro, Ser, Thr, Trp, Tyr, and Val; cationic AA: Arg, His, and Lys; and anionic AA: Asp and Glu. In serum, a VTM × GAIN interaction (P = 0.02) was observed for Glu, with greater concentrations for VTM-LG than VTM-MG. Concentrations of serum Cys, Met, and Trp were greater (P ≤ 0.03) for MG than LG. In ALF, concentrations of Glu were affected by a VTM × GAIN interaction, where VTM-MG was greater (P < 0.01) than all other treatments. Further, ALF from VTM had increased (P ≤ 0.05) concentrations of His, Asp, and 12 of the 14 neutral AA; whereas GAIN affected concentrations of Arg, Cys, and Asp, with greater concentrations (P ≤ 0.05) in MG heifers. In AMF, AA concentrations were not affected (P ≥ 0.10) by VTM, GAIN, or their interaction. In conclusion, increased concentrations of AA in maternal serum and ALF of beef heifers were observed at d 83 of gestation in response to VTM supplementation and rate of gain of 0.79 kg/d, which raises important questions regarding the mechanisms responsible for AA uptake and balance between the maternal circulation and fetal fluid compartments.     

进水结构对圆形循环水养殖池流场的影响

为精准设计工厂化圆形循环水养殖池的进水结构,基于计算流体动力学技术,采用Fluent软件建立数值模型模拟进水管在不同进水角度θ、进径比d/r、进水高度h工况下养殖池内的流场分布特性,并以平均速度v_avg和均匀系数U为评价指标,对进水结构进行优化分析,在物理试验证明该数值模型能较好地模拟养殖池内的流场特征的基础上,模拟了不同进水结构对流场分布的影响。结果显示：在相同条件下,进水角度θ在40°时v_avg取得最大值,水层之间的U差异较小;进径比d/r在0.1时v_avg和U取得较大值,水层之间的U差异较小;进水高度h在100~400 mm时v_avg取得较大值,且在h=100 mm时水层之间的U差异最小。研究表明,当进水角度θ=40°、进径比d/r=0.1、进水高度h=100 mm时,养殖池内流场特性处于较优状态。     

球形芽孢杆菌Bs-8093发酵上清液对青枯雷尔氏菌的抑菌作用

研究发现球形芽孢杆菌Bs-8093菌株的发酵上清液对青枯雷尔氏菌强致病力菌株有抑制作用,不同配方发酵上清液对青枯雷尔氏菌强致病力菌株F．1．2-010618-07V的校正抑制率不同,最高达82．94％,最低44．93％。采用正交试验对球形芽孢杆菌Bs-8093菌株发酵培养基进行筛选,结果表明:棉籽粉、牛肉浸膏和初始pH对 Bs-8093菌株活菌数及其发酵上清液对青枯雷尔氏菌的校正抑制率都有显著影响。试验获得的最佳摇瓶配方为: 棉籽粉5．0％、牛肉浸膏0．3％(质量分数),初始pH 7．4。     

HPAM/Cr3+弱凝胶调驱体系的室内研究

在室内研制了一种可供较高温度、高矿化度油藏深部调剖用的HPAM/Cr3 弱凝胶调驱体系.考察了聚合物浓度、交联剂浓度、稳定剂浓度、温度、矿化度以及pH值对成胶性能的影响.确定了HPAM/Cr3 弱凝胶体系的最佳形成条件:HPAM聚合物1200mg/L;铬交联剂J(以Cr3 计)浓度40mg/L;稳定剂W浓度40mg/L;体系pH值6～8;最佳使用温度70℃.HPAM/Cr3 弱凝胶体系可实现成胶时间可控,凝胶强度可调.     

天然气的非管输储运技术与展望

天然气的非管输储运技术主要包括压缩天然气、液化天然气、地下储气库、水合物储气、吸附天然气储气和近临界流体储气技术。介绍了非管输储运天然气各种技术的研究与应用现状,分析了存在的问题与发展趋势,提出了非管输储运天然气技术研究与应用的建议。     

二维泊肃叶流场中荷电颗粒动力学分析及固液分离试验

液固两相流中的细小且体积浓度低的固相颗粒在液相流动影响下,除受颗粒重力作用外,还有Stokes阻力、Saffman力、压力梯度力、附加质量力等的共同作用,并在液相流场中作不可控的运动。为了有效控制固相颗粒运动,该文在二维泊肃叶流场的垂直方向上设计一高压静电场,使电场力作用于荷电固相颗粒,并建立了有界黏性流体在二维泊肃叶流场和高压静电场同时作用下带电颗粒的运动力学模型,分析了固相颗粒的运动规律,并设计了多物理场耦合条件下的固液两相分离装置。利用该装置对清洁度为NAS12的L-HM32#抗磨液压油进行颗粒分离试验,12 h后,2～100μm的颗粒数目显著减少,颗粒分离效率高达到95%,液压油清洁度达到NAS4级,实现高效的固液分离和固相颗粒分选。     

风力机分离式尾缘襟翼气动性能

为了提高风力机的捕风能力,确定最佳的翼型结构,该文以风力机翼型S809为研究对象,设计了S809分离式尾缘襟翼模型,对翼型主体与襟翼之间缝隙进行了局部优化处理,利用AUTOCAD建立了分离式尾缘襟翼几何模型。进而采用计算流体力学方法,对0攻角下,0~16°不同襟翼偏转角的襟翼模型进行了气动性能计算,并对翼型周围流场的压力云图、流线图、压力系数分布进行了理论分析。结果表明:分离式尾缘襟翼结构设计合理,襟翼与主体之间的缝隙对翼型气动性能的影响很小;尾缘襟翼偏转增大了翼型弯度,提高了翼型的升力,随偏转角增大,翼型升力系数及升阻比增大,偏转角在14°时翼型的升阻比最大,为进一步研究分离式尾缘襟翼综合气动性能打下了基础。     

基于CFD的养殖污水净化内循环流化床反应器结构优化

针对水产养殖污水净化对内循环流化床反应器的相关要求及流化状态下反应器结构、操作参数与相流体力学行为的密切关系,该文利用构建的描述不同结构、操作参数反应器气液两相流动的计算流体力学数学模型,分析了不同结构、操作参数下反应器液体流场、液体循环流量、气含率的变化规律,得到了对于内径200 mm、底部采用均孔布气盘的反应器,在表观气速为0.5~2.5 cm/s时,导流筒与反应器的内径比0.5,导流筒高度与反应器内径比6,导流筒下端到反应器底部距离50 mm,导流筒上端到液面距离100 mm为最优值;针对液体循环流量,使用相关数学模型求解理论值并与试验值进行比对,通过偏差分析探究了数学模型应用的局限性;使用MATLAB最小二乘法拟合了反应器在最优结构参数下表观气速与液体循环流量、气含率的关系,验证了拟合公式的精确性。该研究为内循环流化床反应器在水产养殖污水处理中的设计应用提供理论和技术参考。     

甘肃黄花蒿超临界CO2萃取产物化学成分的差异性分析

采用超临界CO2萃取技术联合气相色谱 质谱法检测了黄花蒿Artemisia annua萃取产物化学成分,并与水蒸气蒸馏法相比较。结果从超临界CO2萃取提取物成分中确定了86种化合物,主要成分为8,9 脱氢 9 甲酰环异长叶烯(18.22%);(all Z) 5,8,11,14,17,二十碳五烯酸甲基酯（8.39%）等。从水蒸气蒸馏提取物成分中确定了62种化合物,主要成分为4 甲氧基 6 (2 丙烯基) 1,3 苯丙二氧杂环戊烯（24.28%）;松油醇（17.47%）等。2种方法的共有成分32种,分别占鉴定积分面积的40.54%和79.49%。与传统水蒸气蒸馏法相比,采用超临界CO2法能更加真实、全面地反映黄花蒿的化学组分。