Genetic diversity analysis of Mediterranean faba bean (Vicia faba L.) with ISSR markers

Crosses among inbred lines from different Mediterranean-type faba bean gene pools appear promising for the production of high yielding synthetic varieties. The purpose of the present study was to (1) describe the genetic diversity of Greek faba bean local populations, using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSRs), and (2) classify the local populations and compare the classification results with those derived from morphological/agronomic data. Four ISSR primers were used on 57 bulked samples of 20 faba bean local populations, five minor-type and 15 Mediterranean-type populations. A total of 192 DNA bands were obtained, of which 190 were polymorphic. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed high levels of within population genetic variation. Based on Nei's standard genetic distances, both cluster analysis using unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) separated four minor-type populations from the Mediterranean-type populations. The Mediterranean-type populations were further classified into two clusters, with the resultant groups being less diverse than the initial Mediterranean-type gene pool. Mantel test showed that the ISSR markers classification using Nei's genetic distances was statistically different from that derived from morphological/agronomic data using Manhattan distances. Conclusively, the present study supported the suggestion that Mediterranean-type faba beans can be subdivided into at least two different germplasm pools. The groups studied are promising for the production of synthetic varieties.     

脲醛泡沫栽培基质草坪质量综合评价

[目的]探讨3种脲醛泡沫栽培基质建植高羊茅草坪的可行性,并对草坪质量进行评定。[方法]将草坪外观质量、生态质量和实用指标作为综合质量评定的一级指标,把对应的草坪密度、色泽、质地、均一性,绿期、盖度、生物量,出苗势、生物量、成坪时间作为综合质量评定的二级指标,采用层次分析法（AHP）,通过构建权重矩阵,对所评价草坪指标配以权重,然后结合模糊数学综合评判方法,确定草坪质量优劣。[结果]脲醛泡沫栽培基质覆土处理草坪综合质量优于未覆土处理及常规处理,F1处理草坪质量综合评价值最高,为0.770。[结论]脲醛泡沫栽培基质能够生产出优质的草坪,可进一步推广利用。     

桃小食心虫性诱芯合理有效使用方法的研究

合理有效的使用信息素对害虫进行防治于减少农药的使用有着重要的意义。在探讨苹果园桃小食心虫性诱芯使用方法的试验中表明:性诱芯诱捕范围测试中,距离地边最近的20 m处诱捕量最大,距离地边180 m处仍具有诱捕效果;单个诱捕器不同信息素剂量中5个诱芯.束-1的诱捕器诱蛾量与1个诱芯.束-1存在显著性差异;诱捕器垂直于风向的间距在60 m时单个诱捕器的诱捕量最大,平均诱捕量达到89头,但间距从15~78 m平均诱捕量差异不显著;不同密度性诱剂迷向效果中,密度1680~3360个诱芯.hm-2诱捕量显著小于420~840个诱芯.hm-2的诱捕量,1680个诱芯.hm-2具有最高的迷向率达到87.21%。综合试验结果:生产大浓度性诱芯用于监测,低浓度性诱芯用于大量诱捕;840~1680个.hm-2的性息素浓度用于迷向防治。     

猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗抗原多肽的串联表达及活性鉴定

为获得含合成肽疫苗抗原多肽的重组表达蛋白,根据猪口蹄疫O型合成肽疫苗中抗原多肽的氨基酸序列,使用大肠杆菌偏好性密码子人工合成该抗原多肽的双拷贝基因序列,并克隆至表达载体pET32a中,构建原核表达质粒pET32a - P2.将重组质粒转化BL21 (DE3),经IPTG诱导表达,收集诱导的菌液进行SDS - PAGE电...     

对中国南方部分籼型杂交水稻纹枯病抗性的评价

由立枯丝核菌引起的水稻纹枯病是世界性的水稻严重病害之一,且在育种和生产上可利用的抗病种质极少,迫切需要发掘抗源。本研究鉴定了来自中国南方11个省(市、自治区)的166个籼型杂交稻组合对纹枯病菌的苗期抗性。未发现免疫或高抗的组合,但不同组合间的抗性差异极显著,平均病情指数符合正态分布N(5.27,0.68²),变化幅度为2.84~7.64。根据动态聚类分析,参试组合被划分为抗、中抗、中感、感和高感5级,分别占总数的1.20%、13.86%、36.14%、43.37%和5.42%。参试的大多数组合为感病,仅K优88和中优9801抗病,但其抗性还需在大田进行成株期验证。用Bayes法建立了各抗性级的判别函数,判别准确率达96.39%。根据综合病情指数,上述5级的组合分别占总数的1.20%、13.25%、63.25%、21.69%和0.60%。与动态聚类比较,两者极显著相关(r＝0.81,P<0.01),说明这两种方法均可用于水稻对纹枯病的抗性评价。但动态聚类法较适用于接种环境相对一致的苗期鉴定,而不能比较不同环境条件下的鉴定结果;综合病情指数法则不受时间、地点和批次的限制,更具实用性。通过这两种方法共筛选出26个抗或中抗的组合,它们之间的遗传距离为0.04~0.71;在遗传距离为0.36处,可将其中的22个组合聚为一簇,表明其遗传基础较窄。系谱追踪表明26个抗或中抗的杂交稻亲本亲缘关系较近。因此,在抗纹枯病育种中,需要拓宽抗病种质的遗传基础,培育聚合有数量抗性的材料或组合。     

对人工合成小麦的微卫星变异分析

比较分析了同一四倍体小麦Langdon与5个不同粗山羊草在合成六倍体小麦前后A、B、D染色体组不同染色体上的微卫星变异, 旨在通过分析异源多倍化引起的微卫星位点和序列变异以期探讨异源多倍体的进化机制。在所检测的位于A、B染色体组上各125个特异微卫星(G-SSR)标记中,分别有5个(4.0%)和6个(4.8%)位点发生变异;而在76个A/B染色体组上的表达序列标签微卫星(EST-SSR)标记中,只有2个(2.6%)发生了变异,比A、B染色体组G-SSR变异频率小,说明功能基因区的变异小于重复序列非编码区。在D染色体组上的103个G-SSR标记中,3个位点(2.9%)发生了序列变化。对表现差异的微卫星位点序列分析发现,人工合成小麦中多倍化引起的微卫星序列变异主要表现为简单序列重复单元次数的增加或减少;发生消除的微卫星序列比普通的微卫星序列更易发生不同类型的序列改变。微卫星序列在异源多倍化过程中对新物种基因组的形成可能起到重要的调节作用。     

PGPR混合菌对马尾松幼苗的综合效应

[目的]用PGPR混合菌液接种马尾松幼苗,以了解它们对幼苗生长和根际微生物的综合效应。[方法]接种6个月后,测定苗高、地径、根际细菌、真菌、固氮菌、解无机磷菌、解钾菌7个指标对接种效应进行综合评价。[结果]接菌对马尾松苗高、地径生长的影响差异达显著性水平。其中第8、10、11、12、19、20处理的苗高生长量增幅达18%以上;1、3、8、19、21处理的地径增幅超过20%。接种促生菌后马尾松苗木根际微生物总数增加的有13个处理。固氮菌增加的有9个处理,解磷菌增长的有9个处理,解钾菌增长的有13个处理。各类根际微生物数量都比对照增加的有第9、10、11、13处理。综合效应排在对照之前的共有15个处理,前3位的是第10、11、和19处理。[结论]以固氮菌N11或N13为主菌,P3和K8为副菌的混合液接种综合效果最好。     

Evaluation and characterization of high-molecular weight 1D glutenin subunits from Aegilops tauschii in synthetic hexaploid wheats

The high-molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits of bread wheat are major determinants of end-use quality. The objective of this study was to determine the 1Dx and 1Dy subunits present in 43 synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) lines derived by crossing durum ‘Langdon’ to 43 Aegilops tauschii accessions. Protein samples were initially electrophoresed multiple times on SDS-PAGE gels to arrange subunits into similar groups and then were electrophoresed on urea/SDS-PAGE gels. Initial results with SDS-PAGE gels indicated that there were six 1Dx and six 1Dy subunits in these SHW lines. However, results of the urea/SDS-PAGE indicated that some of the subunit groups could be further differentiated into additional subunits. A total of eleven 1Dx and eight 1Dy subunits including the newly designated subunits 1Dx2^t-1, 1Dx2^t-2, 1Dx2^t-3, 1Dx1.5^t-1, 1Dx2.1^t-1, 1Dy10^t-1, and 1Dy12^t-1 were identified, and they composed 17 1Dx and 1Dy combinations in the SHW lines. Eight of the combinations included at least one novel subunit and hence they were novel Glu-D1 alleles. Our results indicated that urea/SDS-PAGE can be very useful in identifying new HMW glutenin subunits. Quality testing of the SHW lines will determine if any of the alleles are useful in improving wheat-baking quality.     

Conservation and storage of Curcuma amada Roxb. synseeds on Luffa sponge matrix and RAPD analysis of the converted plantlets

Curcuma amada Roxb. (family Zingiberaceae), is gaining global attention as potential source of new drug molecule(s) as it is credited with compounds having remarkable pharmacological properties. Recognizing the risk of loss of genetic variability of C. amada in response to imprudent exploitation of the natural resources coupled with unsystematic cultivation practices, preservation of its genetic resources has attracted the current research attention. The present study exploited the multifarious properties of Luffa sponge (i.e. sound physical strength, stability in texture/shape over wide pH range and repeated autoclaving, cost effective availability, etc.) as a novel matrix for synthetic seed conservation. In this study, we have evaluated the consequences of the presence of two fungicides, namely - bavistin and rosebengal, in the gel matrix as well as in the Luffa sponge for conservation of contamination free germplasm of C. amada. A maximum of 50% and 75% regrowth could be recorded amongst rosebengal and bavistin containing synthetic seeds respectively after 4 weeks of plating on plant growth regulator-free MS medium. Further growth of the encapsulated microshoots was significantly impeded by the presence of rosebengal within the synthetic seeds. On the contrary, the bavistin containing synthetic seeds demonstrated five times better regeneration ability to contamination-free shoots. A total of 78% survival was achieved upon transfer of these healthy plantlets to glass-house. RAPD fingerprinting revealed 84.62% genetic similarity between randomly selected synthetic seed derived plantlets. This report strengthened the vital conservation approach of C. amada using inexpensive Luffa sponge as storage matrix and bavistin for eradication of contaminations.