蚊子湖及淖尔特湖卤虫资源量的研究

本研究了蚊子湖及淖尔特湖卤虫及卤虫卵的资源状况，提出捕捞时应注意的事项，为合理有效地开发利用当地的卤虫资源．避免酷捕滥捞，使其能持续稳定地发展提供了科学依据。     

饵料对卤虫生长和生殖的影响

试验用盐藻、酵母、麸皮三种饵料培养卤虫。结果表明,卤虫生长速度的差异显著（ｐ〈０．０５）。其中,麸皮且最好,其次是盐藻组,最差的是酵母组。麸组的卤虫提高８ｄ达到性成熟,其体长分别是盐藻组的１．２３倍、酵母组的１．２７倍。三种饵料对卤虫成活率的影响差异显著（ｐ〈０．０１）。在达到性成熟时成活率最高的为盐藻组,其次为麸皮组,最差的为酵母组,其均值分别为８６％、６７％、２７％。三种饵料对卤虫生殖的影响差异也极显著（ｐ〈０．０１）,麸皮组的生殖次数、生殖总量和平均每次生殖量均最高,分别为５、３２０、６４;其次是酵母组,分别为１．５、６３、４２;盐藻组的卤虫在本实验中不生殖。故以麸皮培养卤虫量好,有利于卤虫的生长和种群增殖。     

饵料对卤虫生长和生殖的影响

试验用盐藻、酵母、麸皮三种饵料培养卤虫。结果表明,卤虫生长速度的差异显著（ｐ〈０．０５）。其中,麸皮且最好,其次是盐藻组,最差的是酵母组。麸组的卤虫提高８ｄ达到性成熟,其体长分别是盐藻组的１．２３倍、酵母组的１．２７倍。三种饵料对卤虫成活率的影响差异显著（ｐ〈０．０１）。在达到性成熟时成活率最高的为盐藻组,其次为麸皮组,最差的为酵母组,其均值分别为８６％、６７％、２７％。三种饵料对卤虫生殖的影响差异也极显著（ｐ〈０．０１）,麸皮组的生殖次数、生殖总量和平均每次生殖量均最高,分别为５、３２０、６４;其次是酵母组,分别为１．５、６３、４２;盐藻组的卤虫在本实验中不生殖。故以麸皮培养卤虫量好,有利于卤虫的生长和种群增殖。     

Bacterial Flora of Artemia Cultured in Earthen Saline Ponds

Aerobic bacteria in pond water, sediments, and Artemia in earthen saline ponds in Saudi Arabia were quantified. Total viable counts (TVC; mean ± SD) in pond water ranged between 7.9 ± 4.8 × 10³ and 1.6 ± 3.7 × 10⁴ colony forming units (cfu)/mL; in sediments between 7.1 ± 4.2 × 10⁶ and 6.5 ± 3.8 × 10⁷ cfu/g; on Artemia surfaces, 3.9 ± 0.9 × 10³ and 1.0 ± 2.9 × 10⁴ cfu/Artemia; and in Artemia homogenate, 4.6 ± 2.4 × 10⁷ and 3.2 ± 3.6 × 10⁸ cfu/g. The bacterial flora was predominantly Gram-negative rods, accounting for 89% of total isolates. Altogether, nine bacterial species of seven genera were identified. Bacteria in pond sediments were the most diverse compared to other populations. In all populations, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio sp., and Staphylococcus sp. were dominant (P < 0.005). The bacterial flora of pond water and sediments were reflected in the bacterial composition on and in Artemia.     

Formulated Feeds Containing Fresh or Dried Artemia as Food Supplement for Larval Rearing of Black Tiger Shrimp,Penaeus monodon

Supplementation of microalgae and Artemia nauplii with practical formulated feeds containing fresh or dried Artemia biomass for larval rearing of black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, was assessed. Five feeding treatments were carried out in a recirculating seawater system with fifteen 30-L fiberglass tanks. Shrimp nauplii were stocked at a density of 150 L^?1 for 23 days. In the control treatment, live feed was supplemented with commercial formulated feed (Inve Aquaculture NV, Belgium). In two other treatments, live feed was supplemented with a pelleted feed based on either fresh or dried Artemia. In the remaining two treatments live feed was supplemented with a combination of 50% commercial feed and 50% fresh or dried Artemia feeds. Overall, performance of PL in the combination treatments (commercial feed and Artemia diets) were equal to or better than those fed commercial feed alone as seen by the better growth rate and higher resistance to formalin stress. The results indicate that feed containing fresh or dried Artemia biomass can partially supplement live feeds for larval rearing of P. monodon.     

Encapsulated Spirulina Powder Feed for the Nutritional Enrichment of Adult Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina)

Abstract

Liposomes were prepared in the laboratory with lipids obtained from chicken egg yolk to encapsulate Spirulina powder. Artemia napulii were hatched and fed with lipid-encapsulated Spirulina or Spirulina powder. After 20 days of rearing, the experimental A. salina were harvested and measured for total body length and total content of protein and carbohydrates. Total body length was 45% higher, protein content was 49% higher, and carbohydrate was 35% higher in Artemia fed with liposomes as compared with those fed only Spirulina powder.     

两性生殖卤虫16S rDNA分子系统学研究

[目的]对两性生殖卤虫的分类地位和系统发育情况进行探讨。[方法]测定了中国分布的A.sinicatibetiana、未定名的新疆鲸鱼湖卤虫和青海小柴旦卤虫3种两性生殖卤虫的16SrDNA序列,测序结果与Genbank已发表的另外11个两性生殖种卤虫的16SrDNA序列进行分析比较,并选取丰年虫科Artemiopsisstefanssoni为外群,运用MEGA软件中的NJ法构建分子系统树。[结果]A.persimilis是卤虫属中原始的类群,A.franciscana和A.monica为进化类群,A.urmiana与A.s.sinica以及中国的其它种类有密切的亲缘关系。[结论]基于线粒体16SrDNA序列的两性生殖卤虫系统发育关系为：A.persimilis→A.urmiana、A.sinica和A.tibetiana→A.tunisiana→A.monica→A.Franciscan.     

Effect of Sargassum wightii fucoidan on growth and disease resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Penaeus monodon post‐larvae

The polysaccharide – fucoidan was extracted from brown seaweed Sargassum wightii and its antibacterial activity was screened by agar well diffusion method. The maximum zone of inhibition observed was 15.66 mm in 20 mg mL^?1 concentration against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the fucoidan was 12 mg mL^?1 against V. parahaemolyticus. The fucoidan was then enriched with Artemia nauplii at four different concentrations such as 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg L^?1 for 12 h. The enriched Artemia nauplii were fed to Penaeus monodon post‐larvae for 20 days and the growth performance was assessed. The weight gain and SGR of the control group were 0.2432 g and 15.78%, respectively. But, in experimental groups fed with fucoidan enriched Artemia nauplii, the weight gain and SGR were increased and were respectively ranged from 0.2602 to 0.3161 g and from 16.11 to 17.05%. The P. monodon post‐larvae were challenged with V. parahaemolyticus for a period of 30 days showed a reduction in mortality percentage of experimental groups over the control group and it was ranged between 36.97 and 89.86%. During the challenge test, the V. parahaemolyticus load was also enumerated from the infected shrimp at every 10 day intervals. In the control group, the Vibrio load showed a linear increase in hepatopancreas and muscle tissues from 10th to 30th days of challenge test, whereas in the experimental groups, the Vibrio load established a declining trend with the advancement of challenged test.     

An insight on Octopus vulgaris paralarvae lipid requirements under rearing conditions

In this study, two new alternative preys: Grapsus adscensionis zoeae (as sole prey) and Palaemon elegans zoeae (in cofeeding with Artemia sp.), as well as, Artemia sp. juveniles were used as feed for octopus paralarvae, as a way to understand its lipid requirements. Total lipid (TL) content, lipid class (LC) and fatty acid (FA) profiles of preys, octopus hatchlings and 9‐day‐old paralarvae were analysed. Growth and survival of the paralarvae were also determined. Regardless the prey provided, a notable shift in the lipid profile of paralarvae was registered after 9 days of rearing. The highest index of growth rate (IGR) recorded when decapod crustacean zoeae were supplied might have some relation with levels of 20:4n‐6 (ARA) and DHA/EPA ratio observed. In this sense, Grapsus adscensionis zoeae leaded to a higher content of ARA and a lower content of EPA, which may indicate a possible competition between these two FA. For that a balanced EPA/ARA ratio might be significant in this species nutrition without disconsidering DHA levels as an essential fatty acid. Finally, the changes observed in paralarvae FA profile might not only be related to prey FA profile, but also with changes occurring in the lipid classes contents.     

美国大盐湖卤虫业情况及我国卤虫产业状况

本文介绍了美国大盐湖卤虫业情况,同时介绍了我国卤虫卵生产状况,并就国内卤虫生产情况和国际形势提出了看法。