烯效唑对‘夏黑’葡萄生理特性及品质的影响

试验以3年生‘夏黑’葡萄为试验材料，分别在开花期、坐果期、果实膨大期、转色期用不同浓度（0、30、60、90、120 mg/L）的烯效唑进行全树喷施，研究其对‘夏黑’葡萄生理特性和品质的影响。结果表明，随着烯效唑浓度的增加‘夏黑’葡萄脯氨酸含量（Pro）、可溶性蛋白含量（SP）、过氧化物酶活性（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶活性（SOD）、过氧化氢酶活性（CAT）呈现‘先升后降’，在T3处理时达到最大值，而电导率（REC）和丙二醛含量（MDA）呈现‘先降后升’，分别在T2和T3时降低最明显；在品质方面，T2与T3处理显著增加了单穗重、可溶性固形物含量、固酸比、果实可溶性蛋白含量、花青素含量、Vc含量，同时降低了果实总酸含量、果实硬度、类黄酮含量。各浓度烯效唑处理对单粒重、果实纵横径、果形指数、总酚含量有所增加，但差异性不显著（P>0.05）。另外，高浓度烯效唑（T4）会降低单穗重和单粒重。由主成分分析可知，各处理的综合评价排名依次为T2>T3>T1>T4>CK。以上结果表明，喷施60 mg/L的烯效唑对于提高‘夏黑’葡萄生理活性和果实品质的综合效果最好。     

S3307对始花期和始粒期淹水绿豆光合作用及产量的影响

淹水胁迫是作物生长发育过程中遭受的主要非生物胁迫之一,探究提高绿豆耐淹性的机制对绿豆抗涝栽培具有重要意义。本文在2017—2018年以耐淹性不同的绿豆品种绿丰2号和绿丰5号为试验材料,采用盆栽方式探究了烯效唑(S3307)对淹水胁迫下绿豆叶片生理、光合作用及产量的影响。结果表明,在不同生育时期淹水胁迫下,绿豆叶片的叶绿素含量(SPAD)及光合特性参数均显著下降,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加,始花期(R1期)淹水胁迫下绿豆的减产率为24.70%～33.63%,始粒期(R5期)减产率为18.07%～28.87%。2个绿豆品种均表现为R1期受淹水胁迫危害程度大于R5期,绿丰2号耐淹性强于绿丰5号。喷施S3307后显著提高淹水胁迫下绿豆叶片的SPAD、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs),并显著降低了MDA含量。绿豆在R1期淹水胁迫下的缓解率为28.91%～52.34%,R5期缓解率为13.77%～27.36%。表明叶面喷施S3307可有效提高淹水胁迫下绿豆叶片的生理功能及光合能力,进而降低减产幅度,但不同淹水时期和绿豆品种对S3307的调控响应存在差异。     

油菜毯状育苗的基质改良Ⅲ烯效唑拌施适宜浓度

以甘蓝型双低油菜品种宁杂1838为材料,通过在基质中拌入烯效唑,设置0、20、40、60和80μg/L共5个烯效唑浓度处理,测定毯状苗在不同时期的农艺性状、器官干重,研究了不同浓度烯效唑对油菜毯状苗的调控效应,以探索适合机械移栽的育苗基质及轻简优化培育方法。结果显示,基质中拌施烯效唑后,苗高明显降低,根颈长度变小,根颈增粗;根据回归方程推算,基质中拌入33.7μg/L烯效唑时明显抑制油菜毯状苗伸长,增加干物质积累量,对存苗数影响较小,与对照相比,显著增加出叶数,促进根颈粗壮,壮秧效果显著,最适合机械化移栽,因此认为此浓度最为适宜。     

烯效唑(S-3307)对秧苗抗寒性的影响及其作用机理研究

研究了不同播期下不同质量浓度的S－3307（烯效唑）浸种对秧苗抗寒性的影响效果。结果表明，S－3307浸种能显著降低常规播期（大田生产条件下播期）下秧苗的死苗率和枯尖率，其中以20mg/L质量浓度处理效果最佳。其抗寒机理为S－3307提高了SOD、POD、CAT活性，减少了膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量，降低了电解质渗透率；同时，增加了秧苗体内代谢物质游离脯氨酸含量，缓解了冷胁迫下的水分亏缺。     

烯效唑对荔枝花期发育过程内源激素的影响

研究烯效唑处理对荔枝花期内源激素含量变化的影响。以‘妃子笑’荔枝为试材,喷施44.4 mg/L烯效唑,采用酶联免疫法测定分析‘妃子笑’荔枝花穗发育期间花穗和叶片内源激素赤霉素(GA_3)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)和茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)含量的动态变化规律。结果表明:烯效唑处理降低了GA的含量,提高了ABA、IAA、ZR、MeJA含量。通过利用烯效唑处理调控‘妃子笑’荔枝花穗发育期间内源激素水平的变化,最终起到控花保果的作用。     

Effects of uniconazole or gibberellic acid application on the lignin metabolism in relation to lodging resistance of culm in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum M.)

Lignin plays an important role in increasing the mechanical intensity of culm and improving lodging resistance of culm. In this study, three common buckwheat, Youqiao2 (lodging‐tolerant cultivar; YQ2), Ningqiao1 (middle lodging‐tolerant cultivar; NQ1) and Ukraine daliqiao (lodging‐susceptible cultivar; UD), were used to investigate the effects of spraying exogenous hormones uniconazole (S‐3307) or gibberellic acid (GA3) on lignin metabolism and its relation to lodging resistance in the three common buckwheat cultivars. Results showed that application of S‐3307 significantly increased lignin content and its related enzymes activities of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), 4‐hydroxy cinnamoyl CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and peroxidase (POD). The major genes involved in lignin synthesis, PAL, CCR (cinnamyl CoA reductase), C4H (cinnamate4‐hydroxylase), 4CL and CCoAOMT (caffeoyl CoA O‐methyltransferase), were all upregulated expression, and COMT (catechol‐O‐methyltransferase) was downregulated. What is more, application of S‐3307 significantly improved the resistance of common buckwheat stem to lodging and increased yield. Whereas, spraying with GA3 caused opposite effect on those characteristics. These results suggested that application of exogenous S‐3307 or GA3 significantly changed the risk of lodging occurred by regulating the lignin metabolism in culms of common buckwheat.     

烯效唑对盐胁迫下糜子幼苗形态和生理特性的调控效应

为探究叶面喷施烯效唑对糜子幼苗耐盐性的调控作用,以榆糜3号为试验材料,采用砂培方式,研究了三叶一心期叶面喷施烯效唑(50 mg·L^-1)对150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl盐胁迫下糜子幼苗生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明: 喷施烯效唑提高了盐胁迫下糜子幼苗叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO₂浓度,同时烯效唑增加了盐胁迫下糜子叶片光系统II的最大光能转换效率、实际光化学效率和光化学猝灭系数,降低了叶片PSⅡ的非光化学猝灭系数;盐胁迫下喷施烯效唑处理株高显著降低(P<0.05),叶面积和地上部干重减小,糜子幼苗总根长、根体积、根总表面积、根平均直径和地下部干重增加;盐胁迫下经烯效唑处理的幼苗叶片和根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、可溶性蛋白含量均升高;而丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧阴离子自由基($\mathop{}_{A}^{B}$)含量均下降;其中POD活性和$\mathop{}_{A}^{B}$含量在叶片中无显著差异,而在根系中差异达显著水平(P<0.05)。因此,在三叶一心期叶面喷施50 mg·L^-1烯效唑能够调控糜子幼苗形态特征,增强根系和叶片保护酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量,减缓膜脂过氧化程度,从而有效提高植株的耐盐能力。     

Seed Treatment with Uniconazole Powder Improves Soybean Seedling Growth under Shading by Corn in Relay Strip Intercropping System

The relay strip intercropping system of wheat-corn-soybean is widely used in southwest China. However, it is hard to obtain a stable production of soybean with this system, since soybean plants grow under shading by corn; the stems are thinner and susceptible to lodging. We examined the effects of seed treatment with uniconazole powder (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg kg-¹ seed) on the growth of soybean seedlings under relay strip intercropping, some morphological characteristics and yield. The seedling height, first internode length, cotyledonary node height and leaf area per plant were decreased, while the stem diameter, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root volume, leaf greenness and root to shoot dry weight ratio were increased by uniconazole treatment. The root vigor and root active absorption area were also increased significantly by uniconazole treatment. Moreover, 2 and 4 mg kg-¹ uniconazole powder treatment increased shoot dry weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and seed yield significantly. Thus, the results suggested that seed treatment with uniconazole powder at a suitable concentration can improve soybean seedling growth, resist the lodging and also increase the seed yield under shading by corn in relay strip intercropping system.     

Improved biological effects of uniconazole using porous hollow silica nanoparticles as carriers

BACKGROUND: The aim of this work is to prepare a controlled‐release formulation of uniconazole using porous hollow silica nanoparticles (PHSNs) as carrier, and to investigate the biological effects on rice growth. RESULTS: PHSNs with a shell thickness of ～15 nm and a particle size of 80–100 nm were synthesised through a sol–gel route using nanosized calcium carbonate particles as templates. Simple immersing (SI) and supercritical fluid drug loading (SFDL) technologies were employed to load uniconazole into PHSNs with loading efficiencies of ～22 and ～26% respectively. The prepared uniconazole‐loaded PHSNs (UCZ‐PHSNs) by SI and SFDL both demonstrated sustained release properties, and the latter showed better controlled release ability with a slower release rate. Compared with free uniconazole, UCZ‐PHSNs exhibited a weaker growth retardation effect in the early stage but more significant retardation ability in later stages for agar‐cultured rice seedlings. For the rice that grew in clay, UCZ‐PHSNs demonstrated a weaker plant height retardation effect than free uniconazole at the early jointing stage by foliar spraying, but exhibited a stronger retardation capacity than free uniconazole by being applied into soil before seedling transplantation. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the prepared UCZ‐PHSNs possessed good controlled‐release properties and had improved retardation effects on rice growth. It is recommended that UCZ‐PHSNs be applied into soil before seedling transplantation rather than administered by foliar spraying at the early jointing stage. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

烯效唑干拌种对小麦种子萌发过程中DNA合成的影响

以小麦品种绵阳 2 6为材料 ,利用3 H TdR掺入法 ,研究了烯效唑干拌种对小麦种子萌发过程中DNA合成的影响。结果表明 :烯效唑处理后 ,小麦种子萌发早期DNA合成加快 ,当浓度为 2 0mg kg时 ,DNA合成速率最快 ;同时 ,在小麦种子萌发早期烯效唑处理促进3 H 胸苷掺入可能反映了烯效唑有助于萌发中DNA修复和DNA复制 ,为种子萌发奠定了较好的基础。