Effects of Uniconazole on Nitrogen Metabolism and Grain Protein Content of Rice

The effects of uniconazole by soaking seeds and spraying leaves at booting stage with different concentrations （0, 20 and 40 mg/kg） on the nitrogen metabolism of flag leaf and grains after flowering, and rice grain protein content and yield were studied with hybrid rice combination Shanyou 63. Under uniconazole treatment, the soluble protein content in flag leaf was increased in early and middle period of grain filling, but this content was nearly the same as or even lower than that of control at maturity; Glutamine synthetase activity in superior and inferior grains and non-protein nitrogen content in superior grains at early stage of grain development were promoted, and moreover, the transforming speed from non-protein nitrogen to protein nitrogen was accelerated; Non-protein nitrogen content was lower than that of control at maturity, but protein nitrogen content at each stage was higher than those of control; Protein nitrogen content in superior and inferior grains and protein nitrogen absolutely accumulative content in a grain both were enhanced and protein content and yield in rice grain were raised. The application of uniconazole by soaking seeds and spraying leaves raised crude protein content by an average of 7.2% and 8.3%, and protein yield by an average of 13.1% and 13.4%, respectively.     

烯效唑对稻飞虱取食和产卵行为的影响

烯效唑对稻飞虱取食和产卵行为的影响刘光杰,赵伟春（中国水稻研究所,杭州３１０００６;浙江农业大学,杭州３１００２９）关键词：烯效唑;白背飞虱;褐飞虱;取食产卵;抗虫性ＩｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｓｏｆＵｎｉｃｏｎａｚｏｌｅｏｎｔｈｅＦｅｅｄｉｎｇａｎｄＯｖｉｐ...     

烯效唑浸种和育苗密度对毯状苗质量和植株性状的影响

为培育适合机械化种植的油菜毯状秧苗,探索不同烯效唑处理浓度和育苗密度对毯状秧苗质量、成熟期植株性状及产量的影响,以宁杂31号为材料分别用0 mg/L(CK)、5 mg/L、10 mg/L、15 mg/L和20 mg/L烯效唑溶液处理种子2h后自然晾干播种,苗床育苗密度设150万株/hm2、225万株/hm2、300万株/hm2、375万株/hm2和450万株/hm2 5个处理。结果表明：烯效唑浸种处理后,油菜秧苗高度降低,叶片数增加,根颈变粗,根系活力增强,下胚轴缩短,地上部干重减少,地下部干重增加,有利于培育矮壮苗；增加育苗密度,秧苗增高,叶片数减少,根颈变细,根系活力下降,下胚轴伸长,地上和地下部分干重均下降,毯状秧苗质量下降；但随着烯效唑浸种浓度增加,密度对秧苗的影响明显减弱。各处理的毯状菜苗在12000株/hm2栽培密度下,烯效唑浸种浓度和育苗密度对油菜成熟期株高、总叶片数和主茎段长度无显著影响,但烯效唑浸种处理后,单株角果数、千粒重和实收产量增加,其中以15 mg/L处理产量最高,10 mg/L和20 mg/L处理产量相当；而随着育苗密度增加,上述经济指标均有所下降。依据茬口,当需要适栽苗龄为30d时,浸种浓度为10mg/L,育苗密度可达450万株/hm2；当需要苗龄延长到40d,浸种浓度则需增加到20mg/L,且育苗密度应≤300万株/hm2。通过调节烯效唑浸种浓度和育苗密度可培育满足不同茬口要求的机栽毯状秧苗,实现工厂化育苗和机械化移栽。     

烯效唑对甜叶菊形态、酶活性、叶片产量及品质的影响

【目的】研究植物生长调节剂烯效唑(Uniconazole)对甜叶菊形态建成、酶活性、产量及品质(莱胞迪苷A/蛇菊苷)的影响,旨在为甜叶菊产量和品质的外源调控效应及机理提供理论依据。【方法】以甜叶菊‘惠农3号’大田植株为材料,浸根和叶喷两种处理,其中,浸根处理分别设0、0.04、0.2、1 mg/L四个浓度处理,叶喷处理分别设0、10、50、250 mg/L四个浓度处理。【结果】外源烯效唑处理下,甜叶菊株高、茎粗、分枝数、根干重、茎干重、叶干重、POD活性、PPO活性、产量和品质相比对照而言均有所增加或改善,其中浸根浓度0.04 mg/L和叶喷浓度50 mg/L两处理的表现最佳。【结论】植物生长调节剂烯效唑对提高甜叶菊产量和改善品质效果较好。     

烯效唑(S3307)提高作物抗逆性研究进展

全球气候变暖,导致各类自然灾害时有发生,作物生长环境恶化。为了缓解逆境对作物生长带来的影响,本研究总结了S₃₃₀₇在提高作物抗倒伏性、抗盐碱胁迫、抗水分胁迫以及抗温度胁迫方面的生物学功能,分析了S₃₃₀₇在提高作物抵御逆境环境领域的研究现状和发展趋势,指出在施用植物生长调节剂来提高作物的抗逆性时,要根据实际情况对施用方式和施用浓度进行科学调整。合理施用植物生长调节剂对作物抗逆、耐逆生长发育以及节本增产具有重要意义,为今后农业生产抗逆研究提供理论依据和科学指导。     

Effects of CuSO4 and Uniconazole on Mature Embryo Culture in Japonica Rice

In order to establish the system of high frequency plant regeneration for japonica rice mature embryos, the effects of different concentrations of CuSO4 and uniconazole on in vitro culture of mature embryos were studied using three rice cultivars of Kongyu 131, Longjing 24, and Dongnong 425 as test materials. The results showed that callus induction and differentiation of japonica rice mature embryos were apparently improved on the medium with 10-15 μmol·L-1 CuSO4 and 0.50-1.00 mg·L-1 uniconazole. Induction and differentiation rates of different genotype rice mature embryos displayed different sensitivities to CuSO4 and uniconazole. For the callus induction frequency of three varieties, the optimal concentration of CuSO4 was 15.0 mol·L-1. When the concentration of CuSO4 was 15 μmol·L-1, the plantlet differentiation rates of Kongyu 131 and Dongnong 425 got to the highest, while the concentration of CuSO4 was 10 μmol·L-1 for Longjing 24. For the callus induction and plantlet differentiation rates of Kongyu 131 and Dongnong 425, the ideal concentration of uniconazole was 0.50 mg·L-1 and for Longjing 24 was 1.00 mg·L-1.     

不同氮肥水平下叶面喷施烯效唑对套作大豆生长和氮代谢的影响

以大豆品种‘贡选1号’为试验材料,在玉米-大豆套作模式下,研究在不同氮肥水平下叶面喷施烯效唑对大豆植株生长和根系氮代谢的影响。结果表明:烯效唑在不同施氮水平下均具有显著的控旺效果,使株高、第1节间长以及株高/茎粗比值降低,茎粗、分枝数以及地上部干物质量增加;烯效唑促进植株氮代谢,使植株地上部、地下部全氮含量以及根系伤流量增多,伤流中NO3--N、NH4+-N含量、氨基酸总量以及天冬氨酸、苏氨酸等氨基酸含量上升,NH4+-N/NO3--N比值、谷氨酸、甘氨酸等氨基酸含量降低;在低氮肥水平(0kg.hm-2)下以喷施60mg.kg-1烯效唑,中氮肥水平(32.4kg.hm-2)下喷施30mg.kg-1烯效唑,高氮肥水平(64.8kg.hm-2)下喷施60、90mg.kg-1烯效唑效果较优,能有效控制植株地上部旺长和促进根系对氮素的吸收、同化能力、代谢能力,提高植株氮循环水平。     

Responses of Root Growth and Nitrogen Transfer Metabolism to Uniconazole,a Growth Retardant,during the Seedling Stage of Soybean under Relay Strip Intercropping System

Relay strip intercropping of soybean has been widely developed in the southwest of China to secure China's soybean production. However, due to the shading from maize, soybean plants are thin and have a poor root system. Uniconazole is a plant-growth retardant that could enhance root vigor; increase root length, root volume, and root dry weight; and affect nitrogen (N) metabolism. To understand the effects of uniconazole on the root growth and N-transfer metabolism of soybean seedlings under relay strip intercropping, the changes in some morphological characteristics of root, dry-matter weight, root vigor, nitrate (NO₃ ^?)-N, ammonium (NH₄ ⁺)-N, and amino acid of xylem sap after seed treatment with uniconazole powder (0, 2, 4, and 8 mg kg^?1 seed) were investigated. Main root length, total lateral root lengths, first lateral root numbers, root nodule numbers, root vigor together with bleeding sap, bleeding sap–top ratio, root dry weight, and root/shoot ratio were increased, indicating uniconazole improved soybean root system in relay strip intercropping. Uniconazole powder treatment could increase NO₃ ^?-N, NH₄ ⁺-N, and total amino acid of xylem sap, to increase the potential of leaf and root N reduction and assimilation, and increase of leaf and root N contents. Thus, results suggested that uniconazole treatment can improve root growth and N transfer mechanism of soybean to support its further growth.     

BR与 S3307复合剂对黄瓜生理指标和产量的影响

油菜素内脂（BR）与烯效唑（S3307）复合剂处理黄瓜幼苗提高了叶片的叶绿素含量。光合速率，SOD酶活性和MDA含量降低，相对电解质渗透显降低，幼苗的根系活力显提高。田间试验结果表明，BS处理比对照增产11.62%，瓜数增加17.72%，因此，BR和SS3307复合剂在生产上有一定的应用推广价值。     

烯效唑的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析

采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定了原药和可湿性粉剂中烯效唑的含量．分离柱为C18反相柱，柱温40℃，流动相为甲醇：乙腈：水=70：10：20，流速1ml／min，紫外检测器．检测波长254nm．使用该方法，烯效唑的保留时间在4．25min左右，平均回收率101．46％，回收率变异系数1．25％，同一样品峰面积变异系数0．055％，保留时间变异系数0．075％．