黄颡鱼“裂头病”的组织病理研究

应用组织病理学方法,对患"裂头病"黄颡鱼的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、胃、肠道、脑进行观察。结果表明,各主要器官均有明显的组织病理学变化:肝中央静脉扩张,并有充血现象,肝细胞界限模糊不清,形状消失、变性,并发生肝实质组织溶解、消失。脾脏内有大量的含铁血黄素沉积。肾脏的实质细胞大量坏死,肾小球出现崩解、碎裂、溶解消失现象,近曲小管、远曲小管界限模糊,肾小管的上皮细胞肿胀,排列紊乱,管腔变窄、闭塞。胃上皮细胞排列紊乱,变性、坏死,胃黏膜大量脱落于胃腔中,胃腺细胞界限模糊、排列紊乱,胃腺管腔缩小,甚至消失。肠道上皮中有大量杯状细胞。脑组织出现弥散性出血,脑血管充血、出现大量的单核细胞。     

黄鳝人工感染温和气单胞菌的组织病理学研究

对黄鳝(Monopterus albus)人工感染温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)的临床症状和病理变化进行了观察。结果显示,感染后12~36h为死亡高峰期,其感染症状与自然发病的黄鳝相似。染病黄鳝的肝脏、肠道和肾脏的病理变化明显,肝细胞变性,肠绒毛脱落,肾小球结构消失并充满大量红细胞;感染后9~27h,肝细胞索排列紊乱,肝细胞肿大并空泡化;感染后3~30h,小肠绒毛脱落,固有层淋巴小结增生,粘膜下层、肌层、浆膜层红细胞增多;感染后3~21h,肾小管上皮细胞肿胀,严重颗粒变性,肾小球上皮细胞坏死;感染后21~30h,肌纤维细胞坏死,大量炎性细胞浸润。     

海兰灰蛋鸡患输卵管囊肿对屠宰性能、器官指数、血清生化指标及组织病理学的影响

本试验旨在研究海兰灰蛋鸡患输卵管囊肿对屠宰性能、器官指数、血清生化指标及组织病理学的影响。选取同一饲养环境下的54周龄海兰灰蛋鸡16只,分为对照组(CTR,n=9)和输卵管囊肿组(CFT,n=7)进行屠宰并采集血清样品,测定蛋鸡屠宰性能、器官指数和血清生化等指标。结果表明:1)输卵管囊肿组蛋鸡的活重和屠体重较对照组极显著升高(P<0.01),屠体率显著升高(P<0.05),但全净膛率极显著降低(P<0.01)。2)输卵管囊肿组蛋鸡盲肠指数、十二指肠重、空肠重和回肠重及对应的器官指数较对照组极显著降低(P<0.01),盲肠重、卵巢指数显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。3)输卵管囊肿组蛋鸡血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性较对照组极显著升高(P<0.01),血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性低于对照组(P<0.01)。4)输卵管囊肿使蛋鸡肺、卵巢及输卵管出现不同程度的病理性损伤,如肺广泛性出血,肺泡腔内充满大量红色渗出物;卵巢皮质区毛细血管充血,炎性细胞浸润;输卵管膨大部出现绒毛断裂,浆膜层有炎性细胞浸润等。综上所述,输卵管囊肿显著影响了蛋鸡的屠宰性能和器官指数,极显著升高了血清ALT和AST活性,降低血清ALP活性;并造成蛋鸡肺、卵巢及输卵管组织出现不同程度的病理损伤。     

4株Ⅰ亚群禽腺病毒分离株对SPF雏鸡的致病性研究

【目的】 探究Ⅰ亚群禽腺病毒（Fowl adenovirus,FAdV）分离株GDDL-4（FAdV-4）、GDB3-8a （FAdV-8a）、GDT08-8b （FAdV-8b）、GDWYT-11（FAdV-11）对SPF雏鸡的致病性,进而制定更加有效的防控措施。【方法】 设立4个攻毒组（GDDL-4、GDB3-8a、GDT08-8b、GDWYT-11）及对照组,攻毒组选择腿部肌内注射接种0.2 mL 10⁵ TCID₅₀病毒液,对照组接种等体积PBS。接种后观察SPF雏鸡的临床症状、剖检病变及组织病理学变化,同时检测其排毒量和病毒载量。【结果】 所有攻毒组鸡均表现为精神沉郁、消瘦、扎堆等,病理剖检以严重心包积液-包涵体肝炎综合征病变为主,其中GDDL-4组症状最为严重,死亡率最高达85%,总体死亡率在0~85%之间。排毒分析结果发现,GDDL-4和GDB3-8a组出现高滴度排毒（≥10⁴拷贝/μL）,GDT08-8b和GDWYT-11组仅能检测到低滴度（≤10³拷贝/μL）排毒。器官指数表明,除GDT08-8b组与对照组无明显差异外,其余攻毒组均能造成器官不同程度的肿大或萎缩。病理组织学切片显示,肝脏、肾脏、法氏囊的正常结构被破坏,可见肝细胞有大量淋巴细胞浸润、肾间质充血出血、法氏囊淋巴细胞坏死等。病毒载量分析结果显示,GDDL-4与GDWYT-11组在肝脏组织中病毒滴度最高,而GDB3-8a与GDT08-8b组在十二指肠中病毒滴度最高。【结论】 Ⅰ亚群FAdV的死亡率高,4株分离株均可导致雏鸡肝脏出现包涵体肝炎的病理变化,均可反复排毒,且分离株对不同的组织器官有不同的亲嗜性,在肝脏与十二指肠等组织中的病毒载量最高。     

禽白血病病毒J亚群诱导蛋鸡群多种肿瘤

2009年8月,山东泰安某海兰褐商品蛋鸡场,开产后产蛋率只有60％～70％,31周龄时,死亡率突然增加,最高达20％.患病鸡经大体剖检、病理组织学、PCR和免疫组织化学检测确诊为J亚群禽白血病.病理组织学检测发现送检鸡除了髓细胞瘤外,还存在明显的纤维肉瘤、组织肉瘤、腺癌和血管内皮瘤等肿瘤.纤维肉瘤单独存在,组织肉瘤、腺癌和血管内皮瘤分别和髓细胞瘤混合存在,本文详细描述了各肿瘤的组织学特点.ALV-J从肉种鸡传向商品蛋鸡后引起肿瘤谱扩展的原因和机制值得进一步研究.     

Infection processes and soft wheat response to root rot and crown rot caused by Fusarium culmorum

An isolate of the fungus Fusarium culmorum constitutively expressing green fluorescent protein was used to investigate the infection process and host response of primary seedling roots and stem base leaf sheaths of soft wheat cv. Genio. Disease progress was assessed macroscopically by visual symptoms, microscopically by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and via gene expression analysis of fungal and wheat genes by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR. In the roots, CLSM investigations revealed an initial intercellular and subsequent intracellular colonization by fungal hyphae. The fungus invaded the rhizodermal layer and cortex but was not seen to colonize the stele. The fungus consistently expressed TRI5 (24, 48 and 96 h post‐inoculation), indicating that trichothecenes were being synthesized throughout this phase of infection and colonization. The expression of the six host defence‐associated genes (Wheatwin 1‐2, PR1, Chitinase, PAL, WIR1 and LOX) increased early in infection and decreased during later stages. In the stem base, CLSM observations revealed the fungus sequentially penetrating though the first, second and third basal leaf sheaths. Expression of TRI5 was initiated early in the infection of each leaf sheath. The expression of the host defence‐associated genes varied over time and across leaf sheaths, and all were also expressed in leaf sheaths which had not yet been in contact with the fungus. Expression of LOX and WIR1 were particularly enhanced in the third leaf sheath.     

三黄鸡临床多发性肿瘤相关的J亚群禽白血病病毒的分离鉴定及其病理学观察

为研究蛋鸡多发性肿瘤的病因,本实验对病鸡肿瘤组织进行病毒分离、培养及PCR检测,均扩增出针对J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)gp85基因序列的阳性条带;组织病理学观察显示发病鸡呈现髓细胞瘤、血管瘤以及纤维肉瘤等多发性肿瘤的病理变化;肿瘤细胞通过血液转移、浸润,在肝和脾组织形成局灶性或弥漫性肿瘤病灶。免疫组化染色显示肿瘤组织内,部分肿瘤细胞呈现阳性反应,表明只有部分肿瘤细胞存在ALV-J感染,而大部分肿瘤细胞检测结果呈阴性。这些病毒检测为阴性的肿瘤细胞可能是正常细胞转化为肿瘤细胞大量克隆化增殖的结果。     

SENSITIVITY OF LOW‐FIELD T2* IMAGES FOR DETECTING THE PRESENCE AND SEVERITY OF HISTOPATHOLOGIC MENISCAL LESIONS IN DOGS

The sensitivity of low‐field magnetic resonance (MR) T2^* images for predicting the presence of meniscal lesions was determined in 12 dogs with naturally‐occurring cranial cruciate ligament rupture and three control dogs, using histopathology as the reference standard. Previously published grading systems were used to grade the severity of meniscal lesions on MR images, gross inspection and histopathology. Focal areas of increased signal intensity were detected in 11/12 symptomatic dogs and 3/3 control dogs. Lesions mimicking meniscal tears (pseudotears) were identified at junctions between meniscal margins and adjacent connective tissue in control dogs and dogs with naturally occurring disease. Histopathologic lesions were present in all menisci of both symptomatic and control dogs, including the menisci from two affected dogs that appeared grossly normal but were removed and submitted based on MR imaging findings. Histopathologic lesions identified included hyaline cartilage metaplasia and changes in the amount of ground substance and cellularity. The sensitivity of MR imaging for detecting the presence of meniscal histopathologic lesions was 90% in symptomatic dogs and 91% in control dogs. However, agreement between severity scores for the different tests was poor. Low‐field MR imaging is a sensitive test for predicting the presence but not severity of meniscal histopathologic lesions in dogs with naturally‐occurring cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Findings also supported previous studies indicating that histopathologic lesions can be present in dogs with grossly normal menisci. An improved grading system for comparing MR images and histopathologic severity of meniscal lesions in dogs is needed.     

亚慢性铝暴露对雏鸡肾脏结构与功能的影响

采用连续腹腔注射等体积不同浓度梯度三氯化铝法,建立不同程度雏鸡亚慢性铝中毒模型,通过对血清和肾脏中铝含量、血清中肾功能指标肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮(BUN)含量测定,并应用光镜技术观察肾脏组织学结构,探讨染铝对雏鸡肾脏结构与功能的影响.结果表明:各染铝组血清和肾脏中铝含量以及血清中Cr和BUN含量均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05;P＜0.01),且存在剂量效应关系.光镜下,低剂量染铝组肾小球轻度肿胀,肾小管和近曲小管未见明显变化.中、高剂量染铝组肾小球肿胀,肾小球内细胞数量增多,肾小管浊肿,近曲小管上皮细胞肿胀.上述结果说明,亚慢性铝中毒可致雏鸡肾脏结构及功能受损.     

一株J亚型禽白血病病毒的分离鉴定及其gp85基因的序列分析

为确定安徽巢湖某地方品种养鸡场的疑似禽白血病(avian leukosis,AL)的病原,以DF-1细胞从肿瘤组织中分离病毒,采用RT-PCR方法进行鉴定,并对其感染细胞上清进行透射电镜观察。同时对送检病鸡的心、肝、脾及腺胃等进行组织病理学观察,最后将扩增出的gp85基因与GenBank收录的其他ALV序列进行比对分析。结果表明:PCR扩增产物大小约为928 bp,经测序证实为ALV gp85基因,将该分离株命名为AHCH-2018株。透射电镜观察到具有囊膜的大小约100 nm的病毒粒子。组织病理学结果显示,病鸡的心、肝、脾及腺胃中有大量成灶淋巴细胞增殖。遗传进化分析结果表明,分离株的gp85基因与多株ALV J参考毒株核苷酸序列的同源性为94.1%~99.5%,且与GD1401J株的核苷酸同源性最高,达99.5%,与A、B、C、D、E亚群同源性为46.5%~49.7%。该分离株与J亚群原型毒株处于同一大分支。本研究为了解安徽土鸡种群中禽白血病的分子流行病学特点提供了一定的数据参考。