浙江红花油茶高接换冠成活率影响因素研究

为研究浙江红花油茶高接换冠成活率影响因素,解决嫁接成活率低的问题,2013年6月从中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所引进浙江红花油茶优树穗条,在青田县大垟山林场开展浙江红花油茶高接换冠试验,分析砧木林郁闭度、坡位、砧木生长势及接穗保存时间等因素对嫁接成活率的影响。结果表明,林分郁闭度在0.3~0.7之间,随着郁闭度增加嫁接平均成活率提高;郁闭度在0.7~0.9之间,随着郁闭度增加,嫁接成活率降低;当郁闭度为0.7时,嫁接成活率最高为88.8%。山腰的嫁接成活率高达86%,显著高于山顶和山脚。浙江红花油茶砧木生长势越强嫁接成活率越高。接穗于采集当天嫁接效果最好成活率达89.1%,接穗保存1、2、3、4、5、6天嫁接,成活率分别为85.2%、75.2%、51.6%、28.1%、12.2%、9.3%。偏相关分析表明,各因素对嫁接成活率影响由大到小依次为接穗保存时间(-0.97)、郁闭度(0.85)、生长势(0.81)、坡位(-0.65)。     

垫草对猪的福利和生产性能的影响

通常认为垫草对猪的福利具有广泛的有利影响。垫草既能改善地面触感,又有利于猪自主调控小环境温度,并减少某些肢蹄损伤。但稻草也会增加某些疾病发生的概率,特别是呼吸系统疾病。垫草作为廉价的环境丰富物能够满足猪探求行为的需求,并可作为筑巢材料满足围产期母猪的行为需求,减少不良行为发生。由于其可食入性,垫草还能在一定程度上降低限饲母猪的采食动机,减少口吻部规癖行为发生。垫草对神经内分泌及免疫机能的影响尚不能确定,但以往资料显示其长期使用能减少应激。同时,垫草的使用还可能提高猪的生产性能和某些肉质性状。因此,尽管垫草增加生产成本和特定疾病的风险,并带来管理上的不便,其仍是最可行的提高猪福利的途径之一。     

天然气净化厂脱硫装置能耗计算及测试方法

脱硫装置是含硫天然气净化厂的高耗能设备,目前国内石油天然气行业内部尚无系统完整的对天然气净化厂脱硫装置进行能耗计算和测试的方法.提出了脱硫装置的能耗计算和测试方法.脱硫装置的测算指标主要包括电耗、单位天然气处理量电耗、MDEA贫/富液换热器效率、MDEA贫液能量回收率、MDEA循环泵和酸液回流泵机组效率、重沸器热耗和单位天然气处理量热耗7个内容.根据脱硫装置的能耗计算方法,设计了脱硫装置测试方法,其包括测点的布置、测试对象、测量项目和测试所用仪器等.应用脱硫装置能耗计算和测试方法对长庆油田第一采气厂3座净化厂的脱硫装置进行现场测试和分析计算,结果表明：提出的能耗计算和测试方法能较好地反映出脱硫装置的能效水平,并可为脱硫装置开展能耗测试和计算提供理论依据及技术导向.     

黄土高原地区秋粮作物生产潜力模拟研究

应用 DSSAT3中的 CERES-谷子模型、CROPGRO-大豆模型和 SU BSTOR-马铃薯模型分别模拟研究了黄土高原 2 8个地点谷子、大豆和马铃薯的光温生产潜力 (TPP)和气候生产潜力 (CPP) ,获得了各点 6～ 15年各作物的产量潜力值 ,并统计计算了研究时段内各作物生产潜力的平均值、标准差、最高值、最低值和水分满足率 (WCR)。     

Arterial Thoracic Vascularization in Some Deer Species: Pampas Deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus), Brown Brocket Deer (Mazama gouazoubira) and Axis Deer (Axis axis)

In this study, the arterial distributions of the aortic arches of three deer species (Axis axis, Ozotoceros bezoarticus and Mazama gouazoubira) were described. The animals were dissected immediately after being found dead. Latex injection method was used to observe the vascularization of the thorax. The branching pattern of the arteries of the thoracic aorta in O. bezoarticus was similar to domestic ruminants. In the M. gouazoubira and A. axis, there were no bicarotid trunk. Interestingly, the first branch of the brachiocephalic trunk was the left costocervical trunk in A. axis. Then, brachiocephalic trunk was divided into right and left subclavian arteries. M. gouazoubira and A. axis in contrast to O. bezoarticus were different when compared with other ruminants, and the absence of bicarotid trunk was more striking than previous reports.     

黄鳝烂尾病病原的研究

从发病黄鳝的病灶部位分离到 HS1 菌株。用 HS1 菌株人工感染体重 2 0～ 30 g的黄鳝 ,感染的黄鳝出现与自然发病黄鳝相似的症状 ,并从感染黄鳝的病灶中分离到与原菌株相同的细菌 ,证实 HS1 菌株是引起黄鳝烂尾病的病原。经细菌的形态、培养及生理生化特性测定 ,HS1 菌株鉴定为产碱假单胞菌 ( Pseudomonasalcaligenes) ,并进行了药敏试验     

Effects of cerium oxide supplementation to laying hen diets on performance,egg quality,some antioxidant enzymes in serum and lipid oxidation in egg yolk

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary cerium oxide levels (0, 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg/kg) on the laying performance, egg quality, some blood serum parameters and egg lipid peroxidation of laying hen. In total, one hundred and twenty 22‐week‐old brown Lohman LSL laying hens were randomly assigned to five groups equally (n = 24). Each treatment was replicated six times. Dietary supplementation of cerium oxide had no significant effect on feed intake and egg weight. The addition of cerium oxide to the laying hens' feed improved feed conversion ratio and increased (p < 0.05) egg production. Quality criteria of egg for except shell breaking strength were not affected by supplementing cerium oxide. In particular, supplementation of 200 and 300 mg/kg cerium oxide to the laying hens feed led to a significant (p < 0. 01) increase in egg shell breaking strength. Calcium and phosphorus concentration of serum increased significantly (p < 0.05) with supplementation of 100 mg/kg cerium oxide to laying hen diets. It was also observed that serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased significantly with supplementation of cerium oxide in diets. Inclusion of cerium oxide resulted in a significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values in egg yolk in this study. It can be concluded that the addition of cerium oxide had positive effects on egg production, feed conversion ratio and egg shelf life. Based on the results of this study, it could be advised to supplement laying hens feed with cerium oxide as feed additives.     

羔羊全营养代乳粉对羔羊增重影响的试验

为了研究羔羊出生后采取人工饲喂代乳粉溶液的效果，对10日龄羔羊称重，以平均日增重与母乳组比较，用t检验方法检验差异显著性。研究结果显示羔羊平均日增重试验组为0.097-0.126kg，母乳组为0.071-0.113kg，二者没有显著差异。在生产中，代乳粉能替代绵羊母乳饲喂羔羊，对多胎品系羊的推广应用以及解决绵羊缺乳、少乳或无乳问题具有重要意义。     

Proportion of circulating chicken heterophils and CXCLi2 expression in response to Salmonella enteritidis are affected by genetic line and immune modulating diet

Genetic line and diet affect chicken heterophil activity and gene expression, and the combination of these factors can enhance disease resistance. This study evaluated the effects of immune modulating diets on heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and heterophil chemokine expression in distinct genetic lines. Fayoumi and Leghorn chickens were fed a basal diet or immune modulating diets enhanced with β-glucans, ascorbic acid, or corticosterone. H/L ratios and heterophil gene expression in response to in vitro stimulation with Salmonella enteritidis (SE) were evaluated on days 1, 3, 7, and 21 of diet treatment. The stress-mimicking corticosterone diet influenced H/L ratio in the Leghorn line, but not the Fayoumi line, suggesting resistance to stress-induced immunosuppression in the Fayoumi line. Leghorn line H/L ratios were increased on days 1 and 3 of corticosterone diet treatment, but not days 7 or 21. Expression of CXCLi2 by SE stimulated heterophils was higher in the Leghorn line, suggesting that Leghorns rely more heavily on inflammatory response than do Fayoumis. Corticosterone diet was associated with reduced CXCLi2 expression in heterophils from both lines. Dietary β-glucan or ascorbic acid did not affect H/L ratio or CXCLi2 expression, suggesting that benefits of these immunomodulators may not be evident in healthy birds.     

Plasticity and stability in the major fatty acid content of almond kernels grown under two Mediterranean climates

Summary

Oil contents and fatty acid compositions were determined in 17 almond cultivars growing under two different Mediterranean conditions, in northeast Spain and in central Morocco. The major differences were irrigation management in Spain and higher temperatures in Morocco. Although a cultivar effect was observed for some compounds, the general trend was for an increase in total oil content [58.65% vs. 55.58% (w/w)] and in the percentage of oleic acid [71.1% vs. 68.62% (w/w)] in those kernels harvested in Spain, probably due to having lower temperatures and better water status. As the total oil content and level of oleic acid in almond oil are the major parameters for higher quality almond kernels, these results emphasise the need to optimise the management of almond orchards to improve kernel quality, not only from the commercial and industrial points of view, but also because of their healthgiving properties.