小菜蛾对阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯及其复配剂的抗性

为了评估小菜蛾对阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯复配杀虫剂的抗药性风险,采用阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯、阿维菌素与高效氯氰菊酯复配剂分别对小菜蛾进行逐代抗性选育至F35代,并在选育过程中对3个小菜蛾抗性品系进行抗性测定。结果表明:小菜蛾阿维菌素抗性品系的抗性指数增长最慢,且趋于平缓,高效氯氰菊酯的抗性增长最快,也最高,抗性达到极高水平,复配剂品系介于两者之间,抗性也达极高水平。     

几种常用杀虫药剂对烟粉虱种群数量的影响

研究了黄瓜大田内几种常用杀虫剂对烟粉虱种群数量的控制作用,结果表明：阿维菌素、吡虫啉和扑虱灵均是防治烟粉虱较好的杀虫剂,其中以吡虫啉效果最佳,其干扰作用控制指数为0．0472,表明吡虫啉施用区烟粉虱的种群数量只相当于对照区的4．72％,其次为阿维菌素和扑虱灵,其干扰作用控制指数分别为0．1019和0．1551．由于烟粉虱对乐果等有机磷杀虫剂具有较强的抗性以及乐果对天敌的杀伤,乐果施用区内烟粉虱出现大量发生和猖獗危害现象,干扰作用控制指数达到1．0762,即烟粉虱种群数量为对照区的1．0762倍,因此应该停止使用这类杀虫剂来防治烟粉虱．     

阿维菌素长效注射液(油悬剂)对绵羊痒螨的疗效试验

为了研究阿维菌素长效注射液(油悬剂)对绵羊痒螨疗效,将60只自然感染痒螨绵羊随机分为3组,每组20只。第1组每千克体重颈部皮下注射1 mg的阿维菌素油悬剂,第2组注射0.2 mg的阿维菌素普通注射液,第3组为不给药对照组。在给药后第7、14、21、28、35、42、49、56、63、70天对所有绵羊进行螨虫检查和计数,每天观察病变。结果表明:给自然感染痒螨的绵羊皮下注射1 mg/kg的阿维菌素长效注射液(油悬剂)可在给药后7 d内将痒螨完全杀灭,在给药后63 d内防止绵羊被痒螨再感染,其持效期远长于阿维菌素普通注射液(约为14 d)。     

Reduced efficacy of ivermectin, abamectin and moxidectin against field isolates of Haemonchus contortus

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the reduced efficacy of ivermectin, abamectin and moxidectin against two field isolates of Haemonchus contortus. These isolates were identified on separate properties in the New England region of New South Wales. PROCEDURE: Reduced efficacy of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics against two field isolates of H contortus was suspected. These isolates were obtained from sheep on separate farms and pen trials were performed to investigate the efficacy of macrocyclic lactones. The percentage efficacy was calculated for moxidectin, ivermectin and closantel against the isolate from one farm (VHR23) and for moxidectin, ivermectin and abamectin against the isolate from the second (VHR29). The persistent activity of moxidectin against both isolates was investigated. RESULTS: Ivermectin and closantel were found to have efficacies below 80% against established populations of VHR23. Moxidectin was effective against an established population of VHR23 but the persistent activity was reduced to 7 days. Moxidectin was also found to be effective against established populations of VHR29, however, ivermectin and abamectin were found to have efficacies below 80%. There was no evidence of persistent activity of moxidectin against VHR29. CONCLUSION: A reduction in efficacy of abamectin and/or ivermectin against field isolates of H. contortus was identified from two farms in the New England region of New South Wales. The persistent effect of moxidectin was reduced against both isolates.     

阿维菌素对十字花科蔬菜主要害虫的生物活性及防治小菜蛾、菜青虫的田间应用研究

室内毒力测定表明,阿维菌素对菜青虫、小菜蛾、菜蚜有很高的毒力,LC50分别为0.022、0.12和0.28 mg/L;对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的毒力较差,LC50分别为67.56和165.73 mg/L。阿维菌素不影响小菜蛾卵的孵化率。小菜蛾幼虫随虫龄增大,对阿维菌素的敏感性下降。田间试验表明,阿维菌素4 mg/L和8 mg/L对菜青虫和小菜蛾的防效在95%以上,持效期10~15 d。阿维菌素与高效氯氰菊酯(1∶6)、与杀虫单(1∶299)复配对小菜蛾防治有显著的增效作用和良好的田间效果。     

两种纳米农药及其原药对亚洲柑橘木虱的毒力比较

亚洲柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是黄龙病的传播媒介,快速、高效地防治媒介昆虫是黄龙病综合防治最重要的技术措施。纳米农药不但能够提高药效、降低化学农药用量,而且提高使用安全性和生物利用度。为了明确纳米农药对亚洲柑橘木虱的防治效果,本实验选用纳米阿维菌素水悬浮剂、纳米阿维.吡虫啉水悬浮剂及其对应原药进行毒力测定,并比较同质量浓度下的杀虫效果,结果表明：1、两种纳米农药的毒力均高于对应原药,其中纳米阿维.吡虫啉水悬浮剂的毒力最强,其处理后第三天LC₅₀为0.0054mg/L,LC₉₅为2.1019mg/L;2、处理后48h、72h相比于24h,纳米阿维.吡虫啉在同质量浓度,死亡率的上升幅度极大,1.25-20 mg/L在72h时导致的死亡率达93%-100%,与200 mg/L无显著差异,而原药随时间推移死亡率虽有所上升,但幅度较小;3、纳米阿维菌素及其原药在处理后3-4d才开始出现死亡,虽然起初纳米阿维菌素防效不及原药,但在随后3d提效速度较快,并在防效上也超过原药;4、阿维.吡虫啉与阿维菌素相比,无论是纳米农药还是原药,其发挥药效较快,而且杀虫效果较好。     

0.5%阿维菌素颗粒剂防治黄瓜根结线虫病药效试验

以"津东8号"黄瓜为试材,以清水为对照,研究了泰安市现代农业科技有限公司生产的不同浓度的0.5%阿维菌素颗粒与深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司生产的0.5%阿维菌素颗粒剂对黄瓜根结线虫病的田间药效。结果表明:泰安市现代农业科技有限公司生产的0.5%阿维菌素颗粒剂2 000、3 000、3 500g/667m2对黄瓜根结线虫病的防效在66.61%～74.63%之间,3 000g/667m2相同剂量下的2个厂家的0.5%阿维菌素颗粒防效差异不显著。     

2.2%吡虫啉·阿维菌素水基性制剂的研制

介绍了2.2％吡虫啉·阿维菌素微乳剂和悬浮剂2种剂型配方的筛选和确立.试验研制的2.2％吡虫啉·阿维菌素微乳剂和悬浮剂都具有较好的质量和性能稳定性,其各项质量指标均达到相应的剂型质量标准要求.阐明了研制开发2.2％吡虫啉·阿维菌素水基性制剂的目的,简明比较了2种剂型产品在制作与成本上的优点与不足.