高龄大熊猫多器官衰竭的病理学观察

本文观察了1只38岁高龄的大熊猫多器官衰竭的病理学变化。病理剖检显示，该熊猫主要表现为实质器官充血、水肿和出血性变化；组织病理学检查发现，全身实质器官（除心、肺、脑外）均发生明显萎缩，胃、肠、肝、胰、肾等发生水肿变性或出血；此外，还观察到心肌纤维坏死后的瘢痕形成。结果表明，老龄大熊猫的多器官衰竭的病理学变化与其他动物相似；高龄大熊猫也易患心血管系统疾病，且具有较经的组织修复能力。     

Acclimation abilities of three tropical rainforest seedlings to an increase in light intensity

Current practices in many nurseries involve the germination of tropical rainforest seedlings in shaded conditions and transferral, at a later date, to environments with greater light intensities. Determination of the ability of these seedlings to acclimate to increased light intensities will allow seedling stock to be processed with maximum efficiency within the nursery. The acclimation abilities of three species, Agyrodendron actinophyllum, Cardwellia sublimis, and Flindersia brayleyana, commonly found in north Queensland's rainforests were investigated in this study. These particular species are highly valued for their cabinet timber qualities and are being reared in nurseries for use in reforestation trials and programs in north Queensland. Seedlings were initially raised in greenhouse conditions under two layers of shade cloth (16% of full sunlight) and then transferred into full sunlight at three different ages (3 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks). Upon transfer, organ ratios and the direction of dry matter distribution was determined for each species and age group. Approximately 3 months after the seedlings were transferred, the acclimation ability of each species and age group was then determined. Dry matter distribution was found to change with age, irrespective of light environment. Individuals within a species with larger root systems and thicker or more dense leaves had a greater acclimation ability than those with smaller root systems and thinner or less dense leaves. Furthermore, individuals within a species whose dry matter distribution upon transfer was directed towards developing a large root system, and a small photosynthetic area and mass, had a greater acclimation ability than those whose dry matter distribution was directed away from such morphologies. Awareness of these relationships allows a better understanding of seedling response to gap formation in natural forests, and also allows plant nursery operators to make a more informed decision about when to move seedlings to environments with a higher light intensity.     

Role of estrogen in alleviating hemorrhagic shock-induced organ injury

Estrogen has many biological activities and extensive clinical applications. Hemorrhagic shock-induced major organ dysfunction and injury, which are related to sex differences, play a triggering role in irreversible shock. The present article reviews the role of estrogen in alleviating hemorrhagic shock-induced organ injury by analyzing and summarizing the recent studies, thus expanding the clinical application of estrogen and providing a novel approach for treatment of severe hemorrhagic shock.     

四种实验动物脏器质量系数的测定

对鲤鱼、蟾蜍、家鸡、家兔四种动物主要内脏器官进行称量并对脏器系数进行测定,对同类动物不同性别间脏器系数的差异和各脏器系数之间的大小进行了比较。结果表明,鲤鱼、蟾蜍和家兔各脏器质量,雌雄间无明显差异,但家鸡部分脏器质量雌雄间有明显差异。家鸡的脏器系数(肝脏除外),雄性明显高于雌性(P<0.05),鲤鱼和蟾蜍的肾脏系数性别差异显著(P<0.05)。四种动物的心脏系数:家鸡>蟾蜍>家兔>鲤鱼;肝脏系数:家兔>蟾蜍>家鸡;肺脏系数:蟾蜍>家鸡>家兔;脾脏系数:鲤鱼>家鸡>家兔>蟾蜍;肾脏系数:家鸡>家兔>蟾蜍>鲤鱼。由此可见,动物的脏器系数的大小与其进化水平有一定的相关性。     

Bacterial colonization affects early organ and gastrointestinal growth in the neonate

Enteral nutrition coupled with bacterial colonization has been shown to have major functional and developmental effects during the postnatal period of neonates. In this study, we developed a highly sensitive premature pig model to elucidate the specific developmental impact of initial bacterial colonization on premature neonates by comparing germ-free and conventionally reared pigs. Thirty-eight preterm pigs (93% gestation) were delivered via caesarean section and reared in either germ-free or conventional isolators for 40–48 h. Pigs were fed either infant milk formula or sow's colostrum. Enteral feeding for two days had trophic effects on gastrointestinal weights, particularly for pancreas, stomach and small intestine (SI). The absence of bacteria in formula fed pigs resulted in a mucosa that appeared more robust and had higher weights for both SI and pancreas, compared to conventional formula fed pigs (P < 0.05). Colostrum fed pigs also had markedly increased mucosal SI proportions, lung and spleen weights compared to conventional formula fed pigs. Colostrum fed pigs and germ-free pigs were similar although stomach, pancreas and distal SI weights were highest for germ-free pigs. The results demonstrate that the initial bacterial colonization interacts with diet to modulate the early neonatal organ development, particularly of the GIT.     

杏花器官组织抗寒性研究

通过人工模拟霜害试验,研究了杏花抗寒性与花器官组织结构的关系,并统计了冻害率。结果表明:4个仁用杏品种的抗寒性由强到弱为优一、白玉扁、一窝蜂、龙王帽;在同一朵花中,抗寒性强弱为花瓣>雄蕊>雌蕊;未接种冰核细菌的花比接菌的抗寒性强。-3℃低温处理后,各品种的子房显微结构均受到不同程度的破坏。     

育成蛋鸡大肠杆菌病的病理组织学观察

[目的]深入了解鸡大肠杆菌病的病理组织学变化.[方法]试验采用流行病学调查、临床症状观察、病理剖检观察、实验室诊断和石蜡组织切片制作等方法对昌黎县某鸡场发生的一起蛋鸡以心包炎、肝周炎为主要特征的疾病进行诊断和病理组织学观察.[结果]试验分离到的病原菌为大肠杆菌;患病蛋鸡的病理组织学变化表现为:心脏呈心肌细胞变性、炎性细胞浸润;肝脏呈纤维素性肝周炎和坏死性肝炎;脾脏呈淋巴细胞减少、炎性细胞浸润;肺脏呈充血、淤血,肺房内存在红细胞;肾小球毛细血管透明变性;小肠粘膜上皮细胞脱落.[结论]该研究为鸡大肠杆菌病的诊断和防治提供了科学依据.     

日粮中添加燕麦青干草对互助八眉二元母猪初生仔猪器官发育的研究

本试验旨在研究日粮中添加燕麦青干草粉对互助八眉二元母猪初生仔猪器官发育的影响.选取40头体况和胎次相近的互助八眉二元母猪作为试验动物,随机分为高纤维组、中纤维组、低纤维组和对照组(妊娠前期饲粮粗纤维水平分别为13.96％、11.02％、7.83％和4.33％,妊娠中期饲粮粗纤维水平分别为11.93％、9.26％、6.38％和4.33％).结果表明:1)肝脏指数高纤维组和中纤维组分别显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),脾脏指数处理组极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);2)消化器官指数:胰脏指数高纤维组极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),中纤维组显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);小肠指数高纤维组极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),中纤维组、低纤维组和对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05);3)其他器官指数:心脏指数处理组极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),肾脏指数高纤维组和中纤维组均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);4)初生仔猪生产性能:对照组初生仔猪个体重最大,与中纤维组无显著差异(P＞0.05);初生产仔数、初生产活仔数高纤维组和中纤维组极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01);初生窝重中纤维组表现最好,显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).综合分析认为,中纤维组母猪日粮(妊娠前期11.02％、妊娠中期9.26％)可显著促进初生仔猪器官的发育,并改善初生仔猪的生产性能.     

亲环素基因在烟草不同器官及叶片不同发育时期的表达规律研究

通过对烟草中3个亲环素家族基因（CyPl、CyP2、CyP40）表达模式的研究,结果显示：在不同发育时期中,CyPI在烟草移栽后40、50、60d时表达量较高,CyP2则是在移栽后30、40、60d表达量较高,而CyP40只在移栽后60d表达量较高。在不同组织部位及器官的表达中,3个亲环素家族基因在中部叶和下部叶中表达均较强。在烟草根中主要表达CyPl和CyP40基因,CyP40还在花中表达较高,而CyP2基因的主要表达器官为叶片。     

吉富罗非鱼成鱼脏器系数的研究

为研究罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)组织脏器重量与体重的关系,获得脏器系数。本研究随机选取40尾体重为600~900 g雄性吉富罗非鱼(GIFT)成鱼,进行体重、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肠、鳃、皮肤、胆囊、鳞片、肌肉及其他组织(鱼头、鱼鳍和鱼骨等)重量的测定,对体重与各组织脏器重量进行相关性分析,建立最优回归模型,并采用体重约为500 g雄性吉富罗非鱼对各组织脏器重量进行模型外推验证。结果显示,雄性吉富罗非鱼成鱼心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肠、鳃、皮肤、胆囊、鳞片、肌肉和其他组织(鱼头、鱼鳍和鱼骨等)的脏器系数(%)分别为0.12±0.02、1.22±0.20、0.11±0.03、0.13±0.05、1.58±0.30、2.85±0.17、3.31±0.38、1.05±0.24、2.89±0.41、51.60±2.09和29.66±2.00,所有测定11个组织脏器重量与体重均呈显著正相关(P<0.001),符合一元线性回归模型(y=bx),所建立模型对体重为500 g雄性吉富罗非鱼心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、皮肤和肌肉重量预测误差均在8%以内。研究结果填补了罗非鱼脏器系数的空白,并为鱼类生理学、毒理学及构建鱼类生理药代动力学(physiologically based pharmacokinetics, PBPK)模型提供了基础数据。