小肽对大黄鱼仔鱼生长和小肠发育的影响及其在低温胁迫下的抗氧化应激效应

本试验分为生长试验和低温胁迫试验2部分。先分别投喂大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)仔鱼经不同浓度(0、0.5、1.0、2.0和3.0 mL/m 3)小肽营养强化后的轮虫和卤虫12 d,以探讨小肽对大黄鱼仔鱼生长和小肠发育的影响;再将大黄鱼仔鱼暴露在温度为12℃的水体中24 h,以探讨小肽对低温胁迫下大黄鱼仔鱼抗氧化能力和非特异性免疫力的影响。结果显示:不同浓度小肽均显著增加了轮虫和卤虫的必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量(P<0.05),显著提高了大黄鱼仔鱼的体长及小肠绒毛高度、数量和组织面积(P<0.05)。小肽显著提高低温胁迫下大黄鱼仔鱼的谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及肝脏抗氧化酶[铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu/Zn-SOD)、锰超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶-1a(GPx-1 a)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶-1b(GPx-1 b)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)]基因和非特异性免疫酶[c型溶菌酶(c-type LZM)、g型溶菌酶(g-type LZM)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)]基因表达水平,显著降低活性氧(ROS)含量(P<0.05)。核转录因子NF-E2相关因子2(Nrf2)和核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)基因表达水平均与抗氧化酶基因和非特异性免疫酶基因表达水平呈显著正相关(P<0.05),并均与ROS含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,小肽能够提高轮虫和卤虫的营养价值,从而改善大黄鱼仔鱼的生长和小肠发育;小肽通过诱导Nrf2和NF-κB的表达来增加抗氧化酶基因和非特异性免疫酶基因表达水平,从而缓解低温胁迫诱导的氧化损伤。     

Effects of dietary Tenebrio molitor meal inclusion in free‐range chickens

Insects are currently being considered as a novel protein source for animal feeds, because they contain a large amount of protein. The larvae of Tenebrio molitor (TM) have been shown to be an acceptable protein source for broiler chickens in terms of growth performance, but till now, no data on histological or intestinal morphometric features have been reported. This study has had the aim of evaluating the effects of dietary TM inclusion on the performance, welfare, intestinal morphology and histological features of free‐range chickens. A total of 140 medium‐growing hybrid female chickens were free‐range reared and randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: (i) a control group and (ii) a TM group, in which TM meal was included at 75 g/kg. Each group consisted of five pens as replicates, with 14 chicks per pen. Growth performance, haematological and serum parameters and welfare indicators were evaluated, and the animals were slaughtered at the age of 97 days. Two birds per pen (10 birds/treatment) were submitted to histological (liver, spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, kidney, heart, glandular stomach and gut) and morphometric (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) investigations. The inclusion of TM did not affect the growth performance, haematological or serum parameters. The morphometric and histological features were not significantly affected either, thus suggesting no influence on nutrient metabolization, performance or animal health. Glandular stomach alterations (chronic flogosis with epithelial squamous metaplasia) were considered paraphysiological in relation to free‐range farming. The observed chronic intestinal flogosis, with concomitant activation of the lymphoid tissue, was probably due to previous parasitic infections, which are very frequently detected in free‐range chickens. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that yellow mealworm inclusion does not affect the welfare, productive performances or morphological features of free‐range chickens, thus confirming that TM can be used safely in poultry diets.     

甜瓜黄斑病毒SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR方法

为建立检测甜瓜黄斑病毒(melon yellow spot virus, MYSV)的SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)方法。基于MYSV核衣壳蛋白基因保守序列设计qPCR特异性引物对,针对引物退火温度、引物浓度、特异性和敏感性进行系列优化。结果显示,优化后的qPCR方法最适退火温度为61.3℃,最适引物浓度为0.65μmol·L^-1,特异性强,灵敏度高,比PCR高100倍。以携带目的基因片段的重组质粒为标准品,构建的qPCR标准曲线循环阈值与模板浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999 7。实验样品验证表明建立的qPCR方法可用于MYSV的定量检测。     

玉米黄花叶病毒运动蛋白的原核表达纯化与抗血清制备

为实现对玉米黄花叶病毒（maize yellow mosaic virus,MaYMV）的血清学检测,丰富该病毒的检测方法,将编码MaYMV运动蛋白（movement protein,MP）的基因连接到原核表达载体pDBHis-MBP上,将构建成功的原核表达质粒转化到大肠杆菌Escherichia coli中诱导表达融合蛋白,将纯化后的融合蛋白对新西兰大白兔Oryctolagus cuniculus进行免疫并制备MaYMV MP多克隆抗血清,并采用Western blot对抗血清的效价、灵敏度和特异性进行检测。结果显示,利用成功构建的原核表达载体经诱导表达获得分子量大小约为62 kD的融合蛋白,纯化后对新西兰大白兔进行免疫获得MaYMV MP抗血清,该抗血清的效价为1∶128 000,灵敏度为1∶32,且该抗血清能够特异性地检测到本氏烟Nicotiana benthamiana中瞬时表达的MaYMV MP,而不与马铃薯卷叶病毒属Polerovirus及黄症病毒属Luteovirus的其他病毒发生血清学交叉反应,证明该抗血清具有良好的特异性。表明本研究制备的MaYMV MP抗血清能特异性...     

豆制品加工中黄浆水无害化处理技术研究

对豆制品中黄浆水进行超滤处理的工艺参数进行研究。用外加压管式膜组件对黄浆水进行了超滤试验,分析了液体分别在不同的温度、压力、流速、pH值等因素下对渗透流量和截留率的影响。通过正交试验,得到了处理黄浆水废液的最佳工况。实验结果表明,超滤处理黄浆水的最佳工况是:在压力0.15MPa下,用泵的最大流量对刚排放的黄浆水(温度55℃左右)进行超滤处理,可回收全部脂肪、75%以上的蛋白质和70%以上的总糖。回收后的浓缩物(或干燥物)可以作为饲料或经纯化后食用。     

引黄济津应急调水工程河北段输水能力计算

针对引黄济津应急调水工程河北段的输水能力进行了研究。渠段的输水能力是指渠段所能通过的最大入流量，即渠段的首端断面所能通过的最大流量。根据引黄济津应急调水工程近4年的实测数据，构建了适于干河床水流推进过程渗漏损失的改进模型、小水深情况下的糙率加大模型，并采用均匀试验优选方法对水力参数进行了反演，利用非恒定流模型对引黄济津河北段渠系输水能力进行了计算。结果表明，建立的渗漏损失改进模型、小水深情况下的糙率加大模型是合理的，反演得到的参数是精确的；由于在水流推进与涨水阶段渠床的非稳定渗漏起了较大作用，所以各渠段的输水能力在非稳定输水阶段比稳定输水阶段稍大。输水能力的计算结果可以为引黄济津未来几年的输水规划与调度提供具体的指导。     

大果沙棘杂交后代果实主要成分遗传变异倾向研究

本文以黑龙江省绥棱浆果研究所选育的"楚伊×蒙优1"、"楚伊×蒙优2"、"楚伊×蒙优3"、"楚伊×蒙优4"、"HS-21×蒙优1"、"HS-22×阿列伊"、"绥1×蒙优7"和"HS-20×阿列伊"8个大果沙棘杂交组合为研究对象,对杂交后代果实中糖、酸和黄色素成分的遗传变异倾向进行了初步研究.结果表明:以蒙古沙棘系列雄株为父本的杂交组合后代果实中糖含量呈低亲变异的趋向,以阿列伊为父本的杂交组合后代果实中糖含量在一定程度上呈高亲变异倾向.阿列伊作为父本优于蒙古沙棘系列雄株."高糖"母本楚伊杂交组合的F1代株系果实中糖含量均呈现出衰退趋势.8个沙棘杂交组合后代果实中酸含量呈现一定程度的高亲变异."HS-21×蒙优1"杂交组合后代果实中酸含量变异广泛.8个沙棘杂交组合后代果实中黄色素含量一定程度上亦呈高亲变异倾向.在"楚伊×蒙优4"杂交组合后代中进行选择,获得超亲株系的几率最大.     

Mineral Composition and Soil-Plant Relationships for Common Guava (Psidium guajava L.) and Yellow Strawberry Guava (Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum) Tree Parts and Fruits

The mineral compositions of the fruit and tree parts of common guava, Psidium guajava L., and strawberry guava, Psidium cattleianum var. lucidum, were determined. The study occurred during three seasons at six locations in Hawaii to assess guava as feed for livestock. Guava bark contained the greatest concentrations of calcium (Ca) and ash; leaves the greatest concentrations of magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), boron (B), and manganese (Mn); and the shoots had the greatest concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The leaves and the shoots had the greatest concentrations of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe). Between guava and waiwi, guava had greater concentrations of most minerals except for Na in all plant parts, and Mg and ash in the leaves. Guava leaves and shoots meet the macromineral requirements for various phases of sheep, goat, and beef cattle life cycles with the exception of P and Na. Guava shoots do not meet Mn requirements for lactating cows.     

彩色茧（金黄色）新品种金秋×初日永康试养初报

家蚕新品种金秋×初日除具有天然金黄色蚕茧性状外，其它各项经济性状与对照种秋丰×白玉相仿。但在气候比较恶劣的环境下，金秋×初日明显的表现出强健性高，发病率低，是一对能适合适度规模化省力化饲养，特别是在饲养条件比较差的环境下取得稳产的优良品种。     

连作晚稻三化螟为害损失与防治指标研究

三化螟幼虫在晚梗稻分蘖、圆秆、孕穗、破口期均能侵入,所形成的为害株数、为害类型和幼虫存活率与生育期有密切关系,为害丛、株增长呈S型曲线。分蘖期、孕穗—破口期引起丛、株为害率和损失率与卵块密度显著相关,每个卵块损失稻谷分别为59.11±2.99g、74.58±3.31g。考种结果表明,产量损失的主要原因是有效穗减少。在现有生产条件下,三化螟经济允许卵块密度为:分蘖期130—150块/666.7m~2,孕穗—破口期100—120块/666.7m~2;防治指标:分蘖期100—110块/666.7m~2,为害团50—60个/666.7m~2,丛为害率2.0％—3.0％,株为害率1.0％—1.5％。