草坪害虫的发生特点及其防治方法

本文报道了草坪害虫的发生特点及其防治方法。     

地下长廊蜜蜂越冬技术的研究

依据蜜蜂室内外越冬原理和蜜蜂生物学特性,按养蜂生产的需要,研究设计了一种蜜蜂越冬的地下长廊,两侧放置1～3层蜂箱,中间为通道,上部封闭,留有进出气孔调节温度,人可以进入长廊管理越冬蜂群.挖建长廊的成本低,越冬期温度稳定,越冬蜂群势削弱率降低20.1%～24.3%,饲料消耗量降低10.5%～16.2%.     

南方菜地辣椒主要病虫害综合防治技术

本文较为系统地总结了我国南方及长江中下游地区,辣椒秋延晚栽培的主要病虫害综合防治技术及其措施,坚持以农业防治和生物防治为主,化学防治为辅,生态调控与物理防治相结合,在无公害辣椒大面积生产中逐步实现病虫害的可持续治理。     

两种氮肥用量对超级稻产量性状和病虫害发生的影响

以6个超级杂交稻组合为材料,初步研究了两种氮肥用量条件下对水稻产量性状和病虫害发生的影响。结果表明,施纯氮360 kg/hm²与施纯氮180 kg/hm²相比,水稻单位面积的有效穗数增加,单株的每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重下降,1 hm²稻田减产6.2%～10.3%。氮肥施用量过高,造成水稻生育后期稻纵卷叶螟、褐飞虱、水稻纹枯病和烟煤病危害加重,尤其是易引起腐生性煤炱菌的滋长。     

我国外来林业有害生物发生现状及趋势分析

本文分析了我国外来林业有害生物的种类、发生危害状况、传播扩散特点以及对林业生产和生态的影响，并对未来的发生趋势进行了预测。     

陕北枣林病虫害生态调控复合模式的可行性分析

基于有害生物控制的原理,考虑陕北黄土高原环境特点和资源优势,结合国家退耕还林生态工程,提出乔木(枣树)—灌木—牧草(作物)—畜禽栽种养殖为一体作为陕北枣林病虫害生态调控的复合模式,并就其机制和可行性进行了较为深入的分析,对陕北红枣产业具有一定的实践指导意义。     

Diversity of methodologies to experiment Integrated Pest Management in arable cropping systems: Analysis and reflections based on a European network

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) aims to promote physical and biological regulation strategies that help farmers contain populations of pests (pathogens, animal pests and weeds) and to finally reduce the reliance on pesticides. It is based on the holistic combination of multiple management measures rather than on the sum of single methods, each of them having only small effects on pests reduction. Thus, to analyse the interactions between IPM measures and to evaluate the sustainability of their implementation, we require an approach considering the whole cropping system (CS), i.e. a functional entity whose complexity is more than the sum of its parts. A network of European experiments at the CS level was set up recently, and aimed at sharing data and expertise to enhance knowledge of IPM. Comparison of existing methodologies highlighted a diversity of CS designs and experimental layouts. We deduced that the concept of CS itself was viewed differently among scientists, and this affected experimental protocols. Other differences were related to the research context and objectives. Some experiments aimed to explore very innovative strategies and generated knowledge on both their effects on the agroecosystem and their ability to satisfy a set of performance targets, while others aimed to provide quickly adoptable solutions for local farmers in line with the current socio-economic constraints. In some research programmes, the experiment was part of the CS design process — and tested CS were regularly revised based on an continuous improvement loop — while in other cases CS were kept stable across years so as to enable the evaluation of their long-term cumulative effects. A critical aspect contributing to the diversity among CS experiments was the distinction between a factorial design of experimental CS and systemic approaches: factorial experiments allowed quantification of the effects of each IPM component regardless of the consistency between components defining the CS. In contrast, systemic approaches focused on the overall evaluation of CS designed with consideration of their consistency, hence maximising their ability to meet the objectives. Because CS experiments represent a huge investment in terms of economics and time, preliminary reflections of the relevance of the experimental strategy is of critical importance.     

Integrated pest management in field vegetable crops in northern Europe — with focus on two key pests

Improvements in (1) insecticide application, (2) supervised control, and (3) pest forecasting systems have each helped to reduce considerably the amounts of insecticides required to control fly, caterpillar and aphid infestations in vegetable crops in northern Europe. By growing plants that are partially resistant to certain major pests, it is now possible to apply even less insecticide than the dose recommended for the crop. In crops where only small amounts of insecticides are applied, natural predators should prevent large increases in pest insect populations and natural parasitoids should reduce the numbers of pest insects entering subsequent generations. The possible impact of introducing transgenic plants and the use of physical (crop covers), cultural (crop rotation, undersowing) and microbial (e.g. fungi, bacteria and nematodes) methods of control are also discussed. The withdrawal of certain insecticides, as a result of environmental and commercial pressures, means that some crops may soon be without appropriate insecticides for controlling one or more of the major pest species. Whether such systems will be sustainable, remains to be seen.     

(超)轻型飞机防治森林病虫害技术研究

福建三明市自 1 987年先后引进一种轻型飞机和两种超轻型飞机 ,利用简易临时机场 ,应用GPS卫星定位导航 ,开展超低容量喷洒白僵菌纯孢子液、菌药混合液、氰戊菊酯、甲基硫菌灵等药液 ,防治马尾松毛虫、刚竹毒蛾、毛竹枯梢病、黑荆树害虫等森林病虫害。 1 2年来 ,防治作业 941架次 ,防治面积 2 2 47× 1 0 4 hm2 。总结出一套安全、先进、经济、高效适合轻型飞机防治森林病虫害作业技术规程 ,取得良好的防治效果和社会、生态、经济效益     

洞口县林业有害生物防治社会化经营模式的思考

阐述了洞口县林业有害生物社会化服务的发展历程，总结了发展过程中所取得的成效，指出了发展过程中所面临的困难和问题，并对今后的发展提出了建设性的意见。