氮肥用量对小麦子粒产量和品质的影响

1984—1986年在淮北采用淮麦11号和郑州743品种,以亩产400—500公斤高产栽培施肥模式,研究了施氮量对产量和子粒品质的效应。结果表明:(1)玉米、稻茬麦亩施氮17.5—20公斤和22.5公斤,产量构成三因素组合最佳,产量最高,分别达450—533公斤和401公斤。施氮量与产量呈二次曲线关系,并求得最高产量施氮量为20—21公斤,最经济施氮量为17—18公斤。(2)本试验采用的推广品种和施肥模式,亩施氮量适当增加至17.5—22.5公斤,较不施氮处理提高子粒蛋白质含量2—3％,亩蛋白质和湿面筋产量分别增加1.29—2.16倍和1.75—2.9倍,同时子粒产量可提高77—158％。     

两种氮肥用量对超级稻产量性状和病虫害发生的影响

以6个超级杂交稻组合为材料,初步研究了两种氮肥用量条件下对水稻产量性状和病虫害发生的影响。结果表明,施纯氮360 kg/hm²与施纯氮180 kg/hm²相比,水稻单位面积的有效穗数增加,单株的每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重下降,1 hm²稻田减产6.2%～10.3%。氮肥施用量过高,造成水稻生育后期稻纵卷叶螟、褐飞虱、水稻纹枯病和烟煤病危害加重,尤其是易引起腐生性煤炱菌的滋长。     

淮北地区高产小麦植株吸氮及土壤供氮特性

1984–1986年在不同施氮水平下,研究了植株吸氮及土壤供氮特性,试验结果：亩产400–450公斤,植株每亩总吸氮量15公斤左右。各生育期植株含氮率为：出苗至分蘖期5%左右,拔节期3%左右,孕穗期2.5%,灌浆期1.8%左右。小麦一生应在分蘖至越冬始期和拔节孕穗期出现两个吸氮高峰,前者约占总吸氮量23%,后者占33.6%。吸氮强度：每日每亩吸氮量以拔节至孕穗期最大,依次为返青至拔节和分蘖至越冬始期;氮的相对积累速率则以分蘖至越冬始期最高,其次是拔节至孕穗期。土壤氮素供应量为18–20公斤/亩;土壤供氮与植株吸氮比值：分蘖期最高为11–12∶1,拔节后为1.6–1.8∶1,孕穗期为1.2∶1。土壤供氮与生育进程之间呈4次方程,据此可求得各生育期土壤供氮指标和补差施氮量。     

氮肥施用量和施用方法对超级杂交稻纹枯病发生的影响

 The experiments of resistance of different super hybrid rice (SHR) combinations to sheath blight (ShB) (Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) and effect of nitrogen fertilizer (NF) dosage and fertilization methods on ShB occurrence were conducted in Hangzhou during 2005-2006. The results indicated that the resistance level of different SHR combinations to ShB were significantly different. For the same combination, the severity of ShB depends on the seeding and transplanting period. The disease index showed a positive correlation with the nitrogen dosage, but depended on resistance level of combination. The ShB severity of susceptible combination showed high positive correlation with NF dosage. At the flowering stage, there were no effect of nitrogen fertilization method on the occurrence of ShB, but the fertilization method showed significantly effect at dough stage. The occurrence of ShB was significantly affected by the supply rate of nitrogen at different rice growing stage. When the total NF supply was 165 kg per hectare, the occurrence of ShB with high NF rate (80%) at early stage (as basal and tillering fertilizer) and low rate (20%) at late stage (as panicle fertilizer) was more serious than that of low NF rate (60%) in early and high NF rate (40%) as panicle fertilizer. The result was the reverse of conventional viewpoint about that high NF supply at rice late growing stage might lead to severe occurrence of ShB.