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11.
Emily Corey Tommi Linnansaari Stephen J. Dugdale Normand Bergeron Jean-François Gendron Michel Lapointe Richard A. Cunjak 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2020,29(1):50-62
Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and magnitude of extreme thermal events in rivers. The Little Southwest Miramichi River (LSWM) and the Ouelle River (OR) are two Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rivers located in eastern Canada, where in recent years, water temperatures have exceeded known thermal limits (~23°C). Once temperature surpasses this threshold, juvenile salmon exploit thermal heterogeneity to behaviourally thermoregulate, forming aggregations in coolwater refuges. This study aimed to determine whether the behavioural thermoregulation response is universal across rivers, arising from common thermal cues. We detailed the temperature and discharge patterns of two geographically distinct rivers from 2010 to 2012 and compared these with aggregation onset temperature. PIT telemetry and snorkelling were used to confirm the presence of aggregations. Mean daily maximum temperature in 2010 was significantly greater in the OR versus the LSWM (p = 0.005), but not in other years (p = 0.090–0.353). Aggregations occurred on 14 and 9 occasions in the OR and LSWM respectively. Temperature at onset of aggregation was significantly greater in the OR (Tonset = 28.3°C) than in the LSWM (Tonset = 27.3°C; p = 0.049). Logistic regression models varied by river and were able to predict the probability of aggregation based on the preceding number of hours >23°C (R2 = 0.61 & 0.65; P50 = 27.4°C & 28.9°C; in the OR and LSWM respectively). These results imply the preceding local thermal regime may influence behaviour and indicate a degree of phenotypic plasticity, illustrating a need for localised management strategies. 相似文献
12.
Compatibility of root growth and tuber production of potato cultivars with dynamic and static water‐saving irrigation managements 下载免费PDF全文
S. H. Ahmadi M. Agharezaee A. A. Kamgar‐Haghighi A. R. Sepaskhah 《Soil Use and Management》2017,33(1):106-119
The important root characteristics of root length density (RLD) and root mass density (RMD) generally differ among irrigation managements and potato cultivars. The objective of this study was to investigate the RLD and RMD variations and their functional relationships with gross potato tuber yield for two commercial potato cultivars, Agria and Sante, under different irrigation strategies. Full irrigation and water‐saving irrigation strategies, deficit and partial root drying irrigations, were applied statically (S) and dynamically (D) based on daily crop evapotranspiration. Results showed that SPRD had significantly greater RLD (3.64 cm/cm3) and RMD (132.7 μg/cm3) than other irrigation treatments. Between the potato cultivars, Agria had significantly larger values of RLD (3.50 cm/cm3) and RMD (138.7 μg/cm3) than Sante. The functional relationship between the root growth characteristics and tuber yield showed that under water‐saving irrigations, Agria increased root mass at the expense of gross tuber yield but Sante increased root mass to maintain larger gross tuber yields. However, Agria produced more roots and gross tuber yield than Sante, and it is concluded that Agria is a more drought‐tolerant potato cultivar, which is recommended for tuber production in regions where water might be scarce. It was shown that larger root production in potatoes was associated with improved tolerance to water stress. 相似文献
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14.
Do cover crops change the lability of phosphorus in a clayey subtropical soil under different phosphate fertilizers? 下载免费PDF全文
A. P. B. Teles M. Rodrigues W. F. Bejarano Herrera A. Soltangheisi L. R. Sartor P. J. A. Withers P. S. Pavinato 《Soil Use and Management》2017,33(1):34-44
Plants have developed different mechanisms to absorb and solubilize phosphorus (P) in the soil, especially in environments with low P availability. This study evaluated the effects of different winter cover crops on soil P availability in a clayey subtropical (Hapludox) soil receiving soluble P fertilizer and a rock phosphate applied to the summer crop, under no‐tillage. The experiment was carried out over 3 yrs (2009–2011) with five different cover crop species: common vetch, fodder radish, ryegrass, black oat, white clover and fallow as control. The soil was sampled after the third year of cover crop cultivation and analysed for inorganic and organic P forms according to the well‐established Hedley fractionation procedure. Phosphate fertilizers promoted accumulation of both labile and nonlabile P pools in soil in the near surface layer, especially under rock phosphate. Fertilizer applications were not able to change P fractions in deeper layers, emphasizing that the Brazilian clayey soils are a sink of P from fertilizer and its mobility is almost nil. Although the cover crops recycled a great amount of P in tissue, in a short‐term evaluation (3 yrs) they only changed the content of moderately labile P in soil, indicating that long‐term studies are needed for more conclusive results. 相似文献
15.
全面客观评价生态资源承载能力,进而为区域可持续发展提供理论依据。以甘肃省迭部县为例,首先,采用压力-状态-响应(P-S-R)模型构建生态承载力评估指标体系,运用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)确定各指标权重,评估生态环境承载力现状;其次,在生态功能区层面对迭部县水源涵养功能及生物多样性功能进行评价;最后,对生态承载力状况进行成因解析。研究结果表明:(1)迭部县整体生态承载力得分为0.239,处于“较强”承载力状态,构成整体生态承载力的生态弹性力、资源和环境承载力和人类社会影响力得分分别为0.222、0.062和0.063。(2)2016年,迭部县单位面积水源涵养量为111.76 mm,水源涵养功能处于“高”状态,其中,水源涵养功能较高地区主要集中在以草地和针阔混交林为主的区域。(3)自然栖息地面积占迭部县总面积的83.67%,其自然栖息质量指数(Natural Habitant Quality Index,NHQI)处于“高”状态。(4)从自然和经济2个因素进行分析,发现迭部县生态环境条件较好,但林草地面积已呈现出逐渐减少状态,因此需要通过合理科学的开发引导,发展文化旅游事业,推动迭部县的可持续发展。 相似文献
16.
孔猛 《中国农村水利水电》2020,(1):43-47
为保护右江流域生态环境,协调郁江乃至珠江上下游各方经济利益,更好的激励上游地区生态环境保护行为,通过分析右江流域水生态现状、存在问题、现有生态补偿政策环境及其在郁江流域、珠江流域中的地位和作用,利用外部性理论,分析提出了右江流域水生态补偿模式。通过对标对表有关生态保护规划和区划成果,立足百色市实际,提出了右江流域水生态补偿内容、补偿主客体、补偿标准和补偿方式,初步构建右江流域水生态补偿机制框架,并提出有针对性的补偿政策建议,为水生态补偿实施提供了参考。 相似文献
17.
利用FNL再分析资料、卫星资料和自动站资料对2019年7月22~23日京津冀一次区域性暴雨过程进行了环流形势、卫星云图、动热力结构的分析。结果表明:此次暴雨发生在500hPa两槽一脊、副热带高压北抬、低空急流的大尺度环流背景下。西南方向的水汽输送和黄渤海的补充水汽为暴雨提供了良好的水汽条件,在河北中部的水汽辐合抬升则为暴雨提供了抬升条件。此次暴雨的产生受中尺度对流云团的连续生成合并影响,降水效率高。在暴雨中心整层表现为低层辐合、高层辐散,上升速度中心明显,使得高层的抽吸作用更强,更有利于上升运动的维持与发展,为降水强度增大提供了有力的动力条件,高空弱冷空气的入侵对能量锋区不稳定能量的释放起到了触发作用。 相似文献
18.
为探讨生物炭长期施用对酸化茶园土壤改良和真菌群落结构的影响,分析了按生物炭用量0、2.5、5、10、20、40 t·hm-2施用5年后的茶园土壤性状和真菌群落结构变化。结果表明,施用生物炭5年后的茶园土壤pH提高了0.16~1.11,可溶性有机碳含量提高了52.6%~92.3%,而铵态氮和硝态氮含量以10 t·hm-2处理最高。施用生物炭5年后的土壤性质变化,进一步影响了真菌群落结构,表现为Chao指数、ACE指数和Shannon指数随生物炭用量增加呈先增加后降低的趋势;提高生物炭施用量对茶园土壤次要作用的真菌(LDA值<3.50)丰度的增加效果高于优势真菌(LDA值>3.50)的效果,其中被孢霉属、木霉属、毛壳菌属的相对丰度增加,黑盘孢属的相对丰度降低。 相似文献
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20.
Gustavo Pereira Valani Aline Fachin Martíni Laura Fernanda Simes da Silva Renata Cristina Bovi Miguel Cooper 《Soil Use and Management》2021,37(1):22-36
Integrated crop–livestock–forest is a promising strategy to improve soil quality. It comprises four different integrated farming systems: crop–livestock, crop–forest, forest–livestock and crop–livestock–forest. This work systematically reviewed studies about integrated crop–livestock–forest systems and soil quality. A total of 92 papers were retrieved from the Web of Science—Clarivate Analytics platform, and the following information was analysed: publication year, institution, region of the studied site, type of integrated system, soil type, tillage system, maximum soil depth and the soil quality indicators assessed. Most studies were published in the second half of the 2010s. Brazil is a prominent focus of research about soil quality and integrated crop–livestock–forest systems, with significant contribution from its central and southern regions. The Embrapa was the main publishing institution, present in over one‐third of the studies. Crop–livestock was the most common integrated system, Ferralsols was the most common soil group, and most of the studied soils were clayey. No tillage was the main tillage system. Most studies focused on the topsoil, assessing physical and/or chemical soil quality indicators. More emphasis on biological indicators of soil quality is required, as well as assessments integrating biological, physical and chemical indicators of soil quality. Future works should compare different integrated systems, including assessments deeper in the soil profile, especially in systems with the forest component, and also in sandy and silty soils. Soil quality indicators that have been rarely used should be further tested. Novel indicators should be added to better understand the promotion of soil quality by integrated crop–livestock–forest systems. 相似文献