全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2059篇 |
免费 | 143篇 |
国内免费 | 132篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 159篇 |
农学 | 179篇 |
基础科学 | 116篇 |
279篇 | |
综合类 | 869篇 |
农作物 | 59篇 |
水产渔业 | 274篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 80篇 |
园艺 | 258篇 |
植物保护 | 61篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 19篇 |
2023年 | 33篇 |
2022年 | 54篇 |
2021年 | 85篇 |
2020年 | 85篇 |
2019年 | 119篇 |
2018年 | 65篇 |
2017年 | 89篇 |
2016年 | 92篇 |
2015年 | 91篇 |
2014年 | 121篇 |
2013年 | 159篇 |
2012年 | 206篇 |
2011年 | 180篇 |
2010年 | 155篇 |
2009年 | 135篇 |
2008年 | 104篇 |
2007年 | 87篇 |
2006年 | 85篇 |
2005年 | 69篇 |
2004年 | 49篇 |
2003年 | 51篇 |
2002年 | 30篇 |
2001年 | 23篇 |
2000年 | 38篇 |
1999年 | 21篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 18篇 |
1996年 | 17篇 |
1995年 | 6篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2334条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
51.
- 1. Recreational shore fishing along the coast of the marine reserve of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean) was studied in 2007 and 2009 based on roving creel surveys (on‐site angler surveys during which anglers' harvests are examined by the survey clerk). The study aimed to assess the biological impacts of this leisure activity on coastal fish stocks and the potential risks arising from the use of exotic baits.
- 2. Recreational shore fishers employ seven different fishing techniques, of which the bottom fishing rod (a fishing rod whose hooks, together with the bait, lie on the bottom or near it by means of a heavy weight) is by far the most widely used method (nearly 90% of observations). In total, 25 fish species were identified in the catch from the bottom fishing rod.
- 3. The estimated annual shore fishing catches (c.3 tons) are much lower than those obtained by recreational boat and spear fishing (c.20 tons each), and those from commercial (artisanal) fishing (c.50 tons). The weighted mean vulnerability index and trophic level values in the catch from the bottom fishing rod are 52.2 and 4.03, respectively.
- 4. A minimum of 43% of the baits used by the shore anglers were live, non‐native species (mostly polychaetes).
- 5. Overall, results highlight the impact of shore angling on coastal fish communities of a protected area and the increasing environmental risks arising from the use of exotic marine baits, which constitute a potential and unregulated vector of introduction of non‐native species in the Mediterranean. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
52.
53.
54.
I. G. BAIRD 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2006,13(1):1-8
Abstract Fish sanctuaries are types of aquatic protected areas common throughout the landlocked country of Lao PDR. The key to their successful implementation in Laos appears to be local support. Therefore, they fit well within the context of community-based fisheries/co-management programmes. Fish sanctuaries are almost always established in deep-water pools, which serve as important dry season refuges for fish. The best-known fish sanctuaries in Laos are known as Fish Conservation Zones (FCZs), and are found in the mainstream Mekong River in Khong district, Champasak province, southern Laos. In Khong, there is increasing evidence that FCZs established by villagers, but with government support, are important places of concentration for various fish species. FCZs can benefit fish stocks, especially relatively sedentary species, but also highly migratory ones. FCZs are not panaceas for solving all the fisheries problems in Laos or the Mekong River Basin, but they represent important management tools that should not be overlooked. 相似文献
55.
Annalisa Azzola Giorgio Bavestrello Marco Bertolino Carlo Nike Bianchi Marzia Bo Francesco Enrichetti Carla Morri Alice Oprandi Margherita Toma Monica Montefalcone 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(4):737-747
- Detailed knowledge about the distribution of species in need of protection is required for the management of Marine Protected Areas, a major tool to reduce marine biodiversity loss. Such knowledge is deficient for most marine invertebrates.
- Axinella polypoides is a marine sponge included on the list of protected species by the Barcelona Convention (1976) and the Bern Convention (1987). This large and erect species has an important ecological role in habitat forming and benthic–pelagic coupling.
- Bathymetrical, geographical and ecological data over the last 60 years were collated from publications and reports, together with new surveys to assess the distribution and protection status in Liguria of A. polypoides. It identified a more widespread distribution than previously thought, which points at a general need for dedicated investigations on the occurrence of species that require protection.
- Bathymetrical distribution was trimodal, with peaks corresponding to different geomorphological settings: coastal cliff bases (around 38 m depth), inner shelf shoals (52 m) and rocks amidst coarse sediment on the outer shelf (79 m). Density was significantly greater at the shallowest depths. The species was mostly found in the coralligenous biocoenosis, in association with other characteristic species or forming a monospecific facies.
- On (sub)vertical cliffs, A. polypoides often exhibited an unusual cane shape, rather than the typical bushy morphology, thus causing confusion with the congeneric A. cannabina, a more southern species. Records of the latter in the Ligurian Sea therefore need confirmation.
- Only a minority (22.6%) of A. polypoides records were in Marine Protected Areas, the remainder being located in areas with no current environmental protection plans in place. While the occurrence of this species in MPAs remained stable over the decades, the only quantitative historical data available indicated that populations in non-protected areas were declining owing to anthropogenic impacts (fishing and anchoring).
56.
Lucas Martínez-Ramírez C. Robert Priester Inês Sousa Karim Erzini David Abecasis 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(7):1584-1595
- The implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs) has been widely used as a tool to manage and conserve marine resources and services. Yet, to date, the reserve effect is still weakly evaluated, particularly for soft-sediment habitats.
- The Arrábida MPA, considered as a biodiversity hotspot, was fully established in 2009 on the west coast of Portugal and is characterized by large expanses of soft-sediment habitats. This MPA was established to protect biodiversity and to ensure the livelihood of the local small-scale fisheries community.
- Beyond before–after-control–impact (BACI) analyses were carried out on catch data (abundance and biomass) of 351 trammel net sets from experimental fishing campaigns (2007–2019) to study the reserve effect on demersal fish populations.
- The results show a declining trend in abundance inside and outside the protected area, with significant positive effects only found for undersize commercial species and Solea senegalensis, and a general increase in fish species total length. Despite the lack of any obvious reserve effect, the increase in fish length can be considered as a first sign.
- Anthropogenic pressures are generalized around the area, and transgressions of the restrictions are frequently observed inside the no-take zone. These can, among other aspects, delay or prevent the expected reserve effects. Therefore, enforcement and/or modification of the spatial plan must be incentivized to achieve the goals of the MPA.
57.
This paper deals with the design of modelling tools suitable for investigating the consequences of alternative policies on the dynamics of resources and fisheries, such as the evaluation of marine protected areas (MPA). We first review the numerous models that have been developed for this purpose, and compare them from several standpoints: population modelling, exploitation modelling and management measure modelling. We then present a generic fisheries simulation model, Integration of Spatial Information for FISHeries simulation (ISIS‐Fish). This spatially explicit model allows quantitative policy screening for fisheries with mixed‐species harvests. It may be used to investigate the effects of combined management scenarios including a variety of policies: total allowable catch (TAC), licenses, gear restrictions, MPA, etc. Fisher's response to management may be accounted for by means of decision rules conditioned on population and exploitation parameters. An application to a simple example illustrates the relevance of this kind of tool for policy screening, particularly in the case of mixed fisheries. Finally, the reviewed models and ISIS‐Fish are discussed and confronted in the light of the underlying assumptions and model objectives. In the light of this discussion, we identify desirable features for fisheries simulation models aimed at policy evaluation, and particularly MPA evaluation. 相似文献
58.
Vasiliki Markantonatou Sylvaine Giakoumi Nikoletta Koukourouvli Irida Maina Genoveva Gonzalez-Mirelis Maria Sini Kostas Maistrelis Mavra Stithou Eleni Gadolou Dimitra Petza Stefanos Kavadas Vasiliki Vassilopoulou Lene Buhl-Mortensen Stelios Katsanevakis 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(8):2278-2292
- The expansion and intensification of marine uses have severe cumulative impacts on marine ecosystems and human well-being, unless they are properly managed with an ecosystem-based management approach.
- A systematic conservation planning approach, using marxan with zones , was applied to generate alternative marine spatial plans for the Aegean Sea. Relevant human uses were included and their cumulative impact on a wide set of key biodiversity features was considered in the analysis. Different cost scenarios were developed to gain insight on the effects of the approaches used to assess socio-economic factors, and their potential impact on spatial plans.
- The spatial plans generated differed greatly depending on the method used to estimate opportunity costs and evaluate human activities in monetary terms.
- The vulnerability weights (the relative vulnerability of ecological features to specific human activities and their impacts) that were estimated based on a cumulative impact assessment, allowed the assessment of each zone in contributing to the achievement of conservation targets, through a transparent planning approach.
- Results indicate that special care should be given to how socio-economic activities, their impact on the ecosystems, and related costs are incorporated into planning.
- The proposed approach demonstrates how EU member states may effectively comply with the new Biodiversity Strategy 2030 targets, while planning for the sustainable use of their marine resources.
59.
60.