鸭瘟病毒提纯方法比较

将鸭瘟病毒CHv株经鸭胚和鸭胚成纤维细胞(DEF)进行培养增殖后,收集病毒液,分别采用沉淀法、层析法、差速离心法和蔗糖不连续密度梯度离心法进行了鸭瘟病毒的提纯研究,结果表明,DEF增殖与蔗糖不连续密度梯度超速离心法是鸭瘟病毒较好的增殖和提纯方法,病毒粒子主要存在于400～500g·L-1蔗糖层上;经20g·L-1磷钨酸负染后电镜观察发现,提纯病毒具典型疱疹病毒特征,大小较一致,为170～190nm,由核芯、衣壳和囊膜3部分组成结构较完整的病毒粒子;采用Bradford法测定,纯化病毒液中病毒含量为0.71mg·mL-1.     

高原环境蚤饲养新技术及青海特有染疫蚤饲养室的建立

建立"高原环境人工供血蚤饲养"新技术;探索我省特有鼠疫染疫蚤谢氏山蚤、斧形盖蚤等蚤种的生活史特征及其在不同季节、不同温湿度条件下的实验室最适恒定饲养生境指标和方法,建立和纯化蚤实验室种群,掌握蚤批量产出技术,逐步达到批量提供实验用蚤的目的;制定并完善蚤饲养室管理规范及饲养室操作规程;为虫媒传播性疾病的预防控制及相关科研提供试验平台。     

畜禽疫病实验室常规检验方法的应用

畜禽疫病直接关系畜牧业的发展。目前,我国畜牧业发展迅速,逐步走向产业化,增长方式由传统的粗放型向现代的集约型转变。因此,动物疫病实验室检验方法显得尤为重要。文章重点介绍了一些实际中遇到的动物疫病实验室检验方法。     

A Remote Sensing Characterization of the Effects of Anastrepha striata ＆ Anastrepha ludens on Guava Cultures in Mexico

Detection of the presence of Anastrepha striata and Anastrepha ludens in guava cultures is presently done in Mexico by actually catching the flies in strategically located traps. The objective of this study is to show that it is possible to locate areas with the presence or absence of flies by remote sensing means, thereby simplifying the traditional way of detection of these plagues. In the field, groups of traps were selected where flies had been captured, as well as areas in which there was no capture in the traps. The radiometric signatures of whole trees and leaves were obtained, showing measurable differences between those specimens affected by the plague and those unaffected. Next we selected a SPOT5 image of 2007 corresponding to the study area in Calvillo, State of Aguascalientes, in Mexico, one of the major areas of guava cultures in the country. A supervised classification of the image allowed for the location of guava cultures in it. The guava culture areas obtained from this classification were validated comparing them to available maps of the cultured areas. Spectral signatures for the classes were derived from the image data. The separability of pairs of classes was also evaluated in order to maximize it. The IR/R （infrared to red ratio） ratio of the image bands was evaluated in 80 × 80 pixels around the locations of five traps where flies had been captured, and around five locations where the traps had not captured flies. Only the pixels where guava cultures were present were included in the analysis, other types of vegetation and soil coverage were rejected. We found that the index distributions with flies captured and those without flies captured cluster in two well-separated groups. We note that plotting the whole distribution of pixels around a trap yields a diagnostic view of the area, and individual index values do not provide such a view, since values with the flies＇ presence and without these overlap to some extent. Further analyses of other trap locations confirmed this separation     

三角帆蚌瘟病的组织病理研究

对健康及患瘟病三角帆蚌的１３种脏器组织作了系统的形态结构观察和组织化学分析，结果表明，三角帆蚌瘟病的组织病理变化主要集中在病蚌的肝脏、胃和直肠等组织。病毒侵袭蚌体后，肝脏的吸收细胞、未成熟细胞以及胃、直肠的纤毛上皮细胞内出现病毒包涵体，ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ等正常代谢受到抑制，ＡＫＰ和ＡＣＰ酶的活性和分布发生异常，细胞内消化作用受阻，最后病变细胞解体，导致肝脏、胃和直肠等的广泛受损。病蚌因消化系统坏死和消     

No evidence for enzootic plague within black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) populations

Yersinia pestis, causative agent of plague, occurs throughout the western United States in rodent populations and periodically causes epizootics in susceptible species, including black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). How Y. pestis persists long-term in the environment between these epizootics is poorly understood but multiple mechanisms have been proposed, including, among others, a separate enzootic transmission cycle that maintains Y. pestis without involvement of epizootic hosts and persistence of Y. pestis within epizootic host populations without causing high mortality within those populations. We live-trapped and collected fleas from black-tailed prairie dogs and other mammal species from sites with and without black-tailed prairie dogs in 2004 and 2005 and tested all fleas for presence of Y. pestis. Y. pestis was not detected in 2126 fleas collected in 2004 but was detected in 294 fleas collected from multiple sites in 2005, before and during a widespread epizootic that drastically reduced black-tailed prairie dog populations in the affected colonies. Temporal and spatial patterns of Y. pestis occurrence in fleas and genotyping of Y. pestis present in some infected fleas suggest Y. pestis was introduced multiple times from sources outside the study area and once introduced, was dispersed between several sites. We conclude Y. pestis likely was not present in these black-tailed prairie dog colonies prior to epizootic activity in these colonies. Although we did not identify likely enzootic hosts, we found evidence that deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) may serve as bridging hosts for Y. pestis between unknown enzootic hosts and black-tailed prairie dogs.     

鸭瘟病毒的分子生物学研究进展

鸭瘟病毒属疱疹病毒科、α-疱疹病毒亚科。其核酸结构为线状双股 DNA,衣壳为二十面体对称 ,有囊膜。鸭瘟病毒的 DNA具典型的疱疹病毒 DNA的特征 ,大小约为 1 50 kb,两端为末端重复序列 ,中间有内部重复序列。囊膜蛋白为疱疹病毒的主要保护性抗原 ,它在介导病毒进入细胞 ,以及病毒的成熟与释放中均起重要的作用。疱疹病毒的囊膜蛋白主要有糖蛋白 B( Glycoprotein B,g B)、g C、g D、g E、g I等。其他蛋白如 Ul3 6、Ul3 7等在病毒的成熟与释放中也起重要的作用。国内外已有多人建立起鸭瘟的PCR检测方法 ,而其基因工程疫苗的研究报道较少。但参考其他疱疹病毒特别是伪狂犬病的基因工程疫苗的研究 ,可以推测鸭瘟的基因工程疫苗研究也大有可为。     

Duck virus enteritis (duck plague) – a comprehensive update

Duck virus enteritis (DVE), also called duck plague, is one of the major contagious and fatal diseases of ducks, geese and swan. It is caused by duck enteritis virus (DEV)/Anatid herpesvirus-1 of the genus Mardivirus, family Herpesviridae, and subfamily Alpha-herpesvirinae. Of note, DVE has worldwide distribution, wherein migratory waterfowl plays a crucial role in its transmission within and between continents. Furthermore, horizontal and/ or vertical transmission plays a significant role in disease spread through oral-fecal discharges. Either of sexes from varying age groups of ducks is vulnerable to DVE. The disease is characterized by sudden death, vascular damage and subsequent internal hemorrhage, lesions in lymphoid organs, digestive mucosal eruptions, severe diarrhea and degenerative lesions in parenchymatous organs. Huge economic losses are connected with acute nature of the disease, increased morbidity and mortality (5%–100%), condemnations of carcasses, decreased egg production and hatchability. Although clinical manifestations and histopathology can provide preliminary diagnosis, the confirmatory diagnosis involves virus isolation and detection using serological and molecular tests. For prophylaxis, both live-attenuated and killed vaccines are being used in broiler and breeder ducks above 2 weeks of age. Since DEV is capable of becoming latent as well as shed intermittently, recombinant subunit and DNA vaccines either alone or in combination (polyvalent) are being targeted for its benign prevention. This review describes DEV, epidemiology, transmission, the disease (DVE), pathogenesis, and advances in diagnosis, vaccination and antiviral agents/therapies along with appropriate prevention and control strategies.     

番鸭小鹅瘟病直接荧光诊断试剂的研制

将抗番鸭GPV单抗腹水采用透析法标记异硫氰酸荧光素（FITC）,制备成抗GPV荧光抗体,研制检测GPV抗原的直接免疫荧光诊断方法。结果显示GPV荧光抗体仅与GPV阳性的组织切片或细胞呈现特异性荧光,与番鸭细小病毒（MPV）、番鸭呼肠孤病毒（MDRV）、鸭副粘病毒（DPMV）、鸭病毒性肝炎病毒（DHV）和正常番鸭组织切片不反应;与间接荧光方法的符合率为92．9％。表明GPV荧光抗体具有较好的特异性、敏感性和准确性,可用于临床快速诊断番鸭小鹅瘟病。     

Comparison of anti-feedant and insecticidal activity of nimbin and salannin photo-oxidation products with neem (Azadirachta indica) limonoids

Photo-oxidation of the neem limonoids nimbin and salannin with UV light in the presence of oxygen gives two isomeric lactone products per limonoid, nimbinolide and isonimbinolide, and salanninolide and isosalanninolide, respectively. When compared in insect tests with the important limonoids of neem seeds, azadirachtin, nimbin and salannin, isonimbinolide and isosalanninolide show activity greater than that of nimbin or salannin and in some respects show activity approaching that of azadirachtin. The photo-oxidation products were tested for anti-feedant activity and toxicity against larvae of three species of Lepidoptera, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd), Spodoptera frugiperda (FE Smith) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and nymphs of the locusts Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk?l) and Locusta migratoria (L).