Plant species diversity of homegardens of Cuba and its significance for household food supply

The cultivation of different plants in homegardens for self-sufficiency has a long tradition in Cuba, but knowledge about homegardens in Cuba is small. To analyse this more deeply, cultivated plants of 31 homegardens were surveyed in three villages in eastern Cuba in 2001. Two of the study villages were located in a humid area with an annual precipitation of about 2200 mm. The third village was situated in a semiarid area with about 450 mm precipitation. The plants studied in the homegardens included those for human consumption such as fruits, vegetables, tubers and cereals as well as spices and medicinal plants. In total, 101 different plant species were found with an average number of 18 to 24 species per homegarden for the three villages. A broad range of species was found in all villages, because irrigation is used under semiarid conditions, which lead to a relative high similarity in species composition between the villages. But, also differences due to the climatic situation became evident, particularly with the medicinal plants. In general, homegarden production provided a broad and diverse basis for self-sufficiency of the households. Although homegarden production showed to be only a small source of income, it is particularly important because of low-paid outside work and minimal food provision of the state.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

山区效益农(林)业发展研究

通过论述效益农（林）业特征和作用的基础上，围绕浙江山区效益农（林）业的三种主要类型（龙头企业带动型，特色品牌型，生态观光型）进行剖析。同时在分析浙江山区效益农（林）业存在的问题的基础上，提出了发展效益农（林）业的目标和对策。     

北京八达岭植物群落多样性特征分析

根据34个样地的调查资料,分析了该地区森林植物群落物种多样性的特征:群落内各层物种丰富度指数的大小为草本层>灌木层>乔木层;多样性指数的大小为乔木层<灌木层和草本层。灌木层与草本层的多样性指数随林分郁闭度变化而变化,在林分郁闭度为25%的侧柏黄栌混交林中,灌木层的多样性指数和丰富度指数小于草本层;在郁闭度53%的杂木林中,灌木层和草本层的多样性指数接近;在郁闭度53%以上的各个群落内,草本层的多样性指数和丰富度指数基本上都大于灌木层。人工林中的物种多样性变化多样,明显低于天然林,林分层次单一,更新不良,缺乏灌木层和地被植物,生态系统很不稳定。     

Effects of light and microsite conditions on tree size of 6-year-old Cryptomeria japonica planted in a group selection opening

We examined the extent to which direct and indirect measures of light and microsite conditions could explain variation in tree height and diameter at the base of 6-year-old Cryptomeria japonica trees planted in a group selection opening of about 0.32 ha on a steep slope at Shiiba, Miyazaki Prefecture, southern Japan. We first used the gap light index (GLI) and soil thickness (ST) as directly measured indices. For an indirect measure of light, we used a between-cohort competition index (BCI) estimated from the position and total height of residual trees. For indirect measures of microsite, we examined topographic indices (slope, plan and profile curvature, average slope gradient, and relative elevation) derived from digital elevation models (DEMs) with different resolutions ranging from 2 to 10 m. The multiple linear regression using GLI and ST explained about 45% of variation in tree size, while simple regression using only GLI explained about 35%. The contribution of ST was about half of GLI. The multiple regressions using BCI and the topographic indices did not explain any more variation than using BCI alone (R ² of about 0.26). We conclude that microsite conditions with shallower soil and steeper slope have negative effects on tree growth in group selection openings, although the relative importance is smaller than light conditions. More comprehensive studies considering several openings with more heterogeneous topography including different species are needed to generalize our growth prediction using the indirect measures, which are useful for practical forest management.     

雷州尾叶桉树冠指标与抚育间伐关系的探讨

通过对雷州尾叶桉树冠有效受光面积、树冠比率、树冠投影面积进行调查研究,分别用树冠有效受光面积、树冠比率、投影面积与胸径建立一元幂函数回归方程进行研究与分析,结果表明树冠有效受光面积公式对指导培育中径材较好;树冠比率与树冠投影面积公式的回归效果基本一致,对指导培育小径材较为理想,并利用上述回归公式编制单株营养面积、公顷立木株数和公顷基面积表为尾叶桉人工林的抚育间伐设计与施工提供理论依据。     

森林结构调查最小面积的研究

采用4块100m×100m的天然林样地材料,分别利用角尺度和双相关函数分析4块大样地中不同面积的窗口(小样地)对应林木个体的空间分布格局。结果表明,小样地面积不同其对应林木的空间分布格局也不同,随着样地面积逐渐变大,对应林木的空间分布格局趋于稳定,这意味着森林结构分析必须在一定大小的样地上进行。根据本研究资料,样地面积最小应为2500m2。     

国有林业产业对地区经济发展贡献度的动态演绎分析

基于1998~2018年黑龙江省国有林业产业数据,从发展规模、产业结构、投入产出效益、专业化水平等4个方面对黑龙江省国有林业产业发展现状进行总体概述和分析。借助产业贡献度指标测算国有林业产业对黑龙江省经济发展的贡献水平,并基于三次产业构成进一步对国有林业产业贡献度进行了结构性动态评价。研究得出:黑龙江省国有林业产业对地区经济发展贡献呈现稳步上升的特征,第一产业表现突出,第二、三产业呈小幅下降、小幅上升的反向变动特征。基于结果分析,从产业自身发展和持续推进多种经营产业转型两个方面提出方向性建议。     

利用"指数选择"的方法选择马尾松二代优树研究

“开发马尾松子代优树选择技术”是中日合作林木育种科技中心项目正在实施的“开发多世代选择育种技术”的课题之一。该项目主要是在生长量、材质等性状方面选择出比上一代更好的优树 ,并将选择的优树进行杂交 ,建立育种群体林。为开发出非常有效的、比较先进的优树选择技术和分析方法提供借鉴。     

立地管理措施对2代4年生杉木林生长的影响

在福建省南平峡阳国有林场开展5种不同立地管理措施对1片29a生第1代杉木人工林采伐后营造的4a生第2代杉木人工林生产力影响的研究。研究结果表明,5种处理的第2代杉木林地位指数与第1代相比均略有下降。BL3BM0(收获树干和树皮、加倍采伐剩余物)处理的4a生2代杉木林生长最好,地位指数仅比1代下降0．67;其次为BL0BM0(收获地上所有有机质)处理,地位指数比1代下降0．85;BL1BM0(清走树木的所有部分)处理杉木生长最差,地位指数下降1．67。炼山处理(BL2BM1)与保留相同数量采伐剩余物而不炼山的处理(BL2BM0)相比,杉木生长没有显著差异。     

长白落叶松工业用材林经营模拟研究

通过对长白落叶松不同立地等级和经营密度的林分进行经营模拟研究发现：在即时间伐的情况下，木材径级与初始造林密度没有相关关系，与立地等级关系极为显著，低密度经营措施不能有效增加木材径级；问伐和主伐收获总量随着密度的增加，增幅差异不明显；如果考虑营林投资的时间成本价值。长白落叶松人工用材林的培育周期不应超过60年。