Ranking of grass species according to visible wilting order and rate of recovery in the central orange free state

Abstract

A number of grasses were ranked according to the order in which they wilted with diminishing moisture availability, and according to their ability to recover after water replenishment. Digitaria eriantha and Digitaria argyrograpta were the most sensitive to moisture stress, whereas Sporobolus fimbriatus and Panicum stapfianum were last to show signs of wilting. The latter two grass species were the first to recover from wilting during optimum soil water conditions. The leaf water potential and soil water content at which each grass species wilted were recorded.     

苹果褪绿叶斑病毒的分子杂交检测

[目的]探索检测苹果褪绿叶斑病毒的技术体系。[方法]利用CTAB法提取感病苹果叶片总RNA,以总RNA为模板,利用特异性引物,建立利用cDNA探针检测苹果褪绿叶斑病毒的技术体系。[结果]扩增出了预期片段,经克隆、测序证明该片段为苹果褪绿叶斑病毒的特异性片段。以带有特异片段的质粒为模板,利用PER技术制备出地高辛标记的cDNA探针。[结论]以质粒为模板可高效制备大量探针。地高辛标记探针为非放射性标记探针,安全性较好,灵敏度较高,具有重要的应用价值。     

新疆棉田根际土壤真菌荧光PCR技术定量及其时空动态分析

【目的】研究新疆棉花黄萎病病株根际土壤真菌数量的时空动态变化,及棉花根际土壤真菌与黄萎病病原菌数量的相关性。【方法】用荧光定量PCR方法,测定新疆不同植棉区及其不同生育时期棉田根际土壤真菌总量和棉花黄萎病病原菌数量进行测定,分析棉花黄萎病病株根际土壤真菌数量在不同植棉区和不同生育时期的变化趋势,及棉花根际土壤真菌与棉花黄萎病病原菌数量的相关性。【结果】新疆不同植棉区的棉花在不同生育期其病株根际土壤真菌数量表现出不同变化趋势。哈密棉花病株吐絮期根际土壤真菌最大值达 6.16×10⁴ copies/g FRW;库尔勒棉花病株根际土壤真菌在苗期达到最大为4.23×10⁴ copies/g FRW;阿拉尔棉花病株根际土壤真菌在苗期至蕾期逐渐增加,随后逐渐减小,在吐絮期达到最小值为1.41×10^-4copies/g FRW。北疆精河和东疆哈密棉花根际土壤真菌数量与黄萎病病原菌数量的PCC分别高达0.989和0.993,呈显著正相关。南疆图木舒克棉花根际土壤真菌数量与黄萎病病原菌数量的PCC为0.880,呈正相关。【结论】新疆棉花黄萎病病株根际土壤真菌含量较高,在不同采样区和不同生育期,其根际土壤真菌总量均呈波动性变化。从棉花的四个生育期(苗期、蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期)来看,棉花病株根际土壤真菌数量最大值出现在吐絮期。新疆棉花病株根际土壤真菌数量的空间变化是东疆大于南疆大于北疆。在不同生态区,棉花根际土壤真菌和棉花黄萎病病原菌之间表现为正相关,而在不同发育期则表现为负相关。     

南麦号系列小麦品种的染色体结构演变

为了明确南麦号系列小麦品种及其亲本的染色体结构特点,用4种寡核苷酸探针和非变性荧光原位杂交(ND-FISH)技术对南麦号小麦品种及其亲本的染色体进行了分析。结果表明,亲本攀早抗含1RS/1BL易位染色体,它的4个衍生品种中3个含1RS/1BL易位染色体。寡核苷酸探针Oligo-275.1、Oligo-275.2、Oligo-pSc119.2-1和Oligo-pTa535-1反映出了2A、4A、5A、6A、7A、3B、5B、6B、1D和2D染色体在攀早抗及其衍生品种间的结构差异。根据Oligo-275.1和Oligo-275.2的信号模式,推测7A染色体在南麦302、特研麦南88和荣春南麦1号中的重组情况不同。     

以黄连素/羟丙基-β-环糊精为荧光探针检测金刚烷胺

为了建立一种金刚烷胺(AMD)检测的新方法,以盐酸黄连素/羟丙基-P-环糊精(BRH/HP-β-CD)为荧光探针,将HP-β-CD分别与BRH、AMD相互作用,测定AMD、BRH/HP-β-CD及两者结合的荧光强度变化规律,并验证分析该荧光分光光度法的适用性。结果表明,HP-β-CD与BRH生成1∶1的包合物并显著增强黄连素水溶液的荧光强度,当加入AMD后,BRH/HP-β-CD包合物的荧光强度逐渐减弱,据此成功建立一种以BRH/HP-β-CD为荧光探针的金刚烷胺检测新方法。当AMD溶液浓度在0.05~4.5 mg·L^-1范围内时与荧光猝灭值△F之间呈线性关系,相关系数为0.989 3,检测限(S/N=3)为0.03 mg·L^-1。溶液pH值和常见的药物赋形剂均不会对测量结果造成干扰,将本方法用于盐酸金刚烷胺药片的分析,其回收率在92%~101%范围内,相对标准偏差小于1%,说明该方法能够成功用于金刚烷胺的测定。本研究为以超分子包合物为荧光探针用于金刚烷胺类药物的检测提供了理论依据。     

Temporal stability in soil water content patterns across agricultural fields

When a field or a small watershed is repeatedly surveyed for soil water content, locations can often be identified where soil water contents are either consistently larger or consistently less than the study area average. This phenomenon has been called temporal stability, time stability, temporal persistence, or rank stability in spatial patterns of soil water contents. Temporal stability is of considerable interest in terms of facilitating upscaling of observed soil water contents to obtain average values across the observation area, improving soil water monitoring strategies, and correcting the monitoring results for missing data. The objective of this work was to contribute to the existing knowledge base on temporal stability in soil water patterns using frequent multi-depth measurements with Multisensor Capacitance Probes (MCPs) installed in a coarse-texture soil under multi-year corn production. Water contents at 10, 30, 50, and 80 cm depths were measured every 10 min for 20 months of continuous observation from May 2001 to December 2002. The MCPs revealed temporal stability in soil water content patterns. Temporal stability was found to increase with depth. The statistical hypothesis could not be rejected (P < 0.0001) that data collected each 10 min, each 2 h, each day, and each week had the same temporal stability. The locations that were best for estimating the average water contents were different for different depths. The best three locations for the whole observation period were the same as the best locations for a month of observations in about 60% of the cases. Temporal stability for a specific location and depth could serve as a good predictor of the utility of this location for estimating the area-average soil water content for that depth. Temporal stability could be efficiently used to correct area-average water contents for missing data. Soil water contents can be upscaled and efficiently monitored using the temporal stability of soil water content patterns.     

基于寡核苷酸探针套painting的中国春非整倍体高清核型及应用

基于寡核苷酸探针套painting的染色体鉴定技术简单、经济和高效, 可以促进小麦品种及亲缘物种染色体识别和变异体鉴定, 提高染色体工程效率。我们前期开发了寡核苷酸探针套, 包含pAs1-1、pAs1-3、AFA-4、(GAA)₁₀和pSc119.2-1共5个探针。本研究通过一次荧光原位杂交(FISH), 对源于17个非整倍体的18份材料分析发现, 其中14个染色体组成正确, 可以清晰识别相应的缺体、四体和端体。还构建了基于寡核苷酸探针套涂染的、能准确识别3个基因组和7个部分同源群染色体的高清核型, 发现4个非整倍体发生变异, 其中从N5BT5D中鉴定出一个可能的小片段相互易位系T6AS·6AL-6DL和T6DS·6DL-6AL。进一步对7个地方品种、10个栽培品种(系)和1个人工合成小麦分析, 发现15条染色体存在多态性, 涉及6条B组(除4B)、5条A组(除1A和3A)和4条D组(1D、2D、4D和7D)染色体, 可以清晰识别我国小麦生产上广泛应用的3种易位类型(T1RS·1BL、T6VS·6AL及相互易位T1RS·7DL和T7DS·1BL), 省去了基因组原位杂交(GISH)程序。另外, 对5个亲缘物种分析发现, 该探针套可以识别栽培一粒小麦、硬粒小麦Langdon、荆州黑麦、长穗偃麦草(2n=2x=14)全部和中间偃麦草30条染色体, 并构建了这5个物种的核型。本研究结果证实该寡核苷酸探针套可以有效用于小麦及亲缘物种染色体鉴定, 高清晰的中国春非整倍体核型为小麦染色体工程提供了参考标准。     

小反刍兽疫病毒及山羊痘病毒N-ITR基因二联实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) and goat pox virus (GTPV) are the causative agents of two kinds of goats’ diseases-peste des petits ruminants and goat pox which can cause disaster economic losses. In order to detect the two viruses simultaneously and quickly, two sets of primers and relative probes were designed based on the nucleoprotein (N) gene of PPRV and the inverted terminal repeat (ITR) segment of GTPV， respectively. In order to work together in the same reaction, the probes were labeled with different fluorescent materials 5′FAM-TAMRA3′and 5′JOE-Eclipse3′，respectively. Results showed that the duplex Real-time RT-PCR assay was identified to be specific for PPRV and GTPV only and specific fluorescent signal could be detected, but the related viruses including fowl pox virus（FPV）and canine distemper virus (CDV) had no specific fluorescent signal. Positive recombinant plasmids (PPRV pMD18-T-N and GTPV pMD18-T-ITR) were built and used for positive quantitative templates to establish duplex standard curves. The developed assay based on the probe N-ITR was found to be highly specific and sensitive with a detection limit of 10² copies/μL cDNA and 10³ copies/μL DNA for PPRV and GTPV， respectively. Finally, the duplex Real-time RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of PPRV and GTPV was established preliminarily in the study.     

用地高辛标记的核酸探针检测猪伪狂犬病毒野毒感染的研究

利用PCR技术从带有伪狂犬病毒（PRV）gE基因的重组质粒pMD18-T-gE中扩增回收约304bp大小的片段,并制备出地高辛标记的gE基因核酸探针。特异性检测结果表明,该探针能与重组质粒DNA发生特异性杂交,而与对照的PRVBartha-k61株疫苗毒DNA、猪细小病毒（PPV）DNA、猪圆环病毒（PCV）DNA、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRsV）cDNA、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）cDNA的杂交反应均为阴性;敏感性检测结果表明,该探针对PRV野毒的最低检出量为4pg。应用该探针对11份繁殖障碍病料进行了杂交检测,共检出4份阳性病料,该结果与PCR检测结果一致,表明该核酸探针可用于猪伪狂犬病野毒感染的临床诊断。     

猪猝死症4种重要病原多重连接探针扩增鉴别检测技术的建立与应用

为了快速检测引起猪猝死的病原,本研究针对临床引起猪猝死症的4种疾病病原(猪尼帕病毒、非洲猪瘟病毒、猪产气荚膜梭菌和猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌)分别设计特异性探针,建立了同时检测这4种病原的多重连接探针扩增技术(MLPA)。对扩增产物进行毛细管电泳分析,结果显示该方法,探针之间没有交叉反应,特异性强。对不同病原核酸的最低检测限可以达到140拷贝μ/L～370拷贝μ/L,敏感性较高。应用该MLPA方法对129份临床样品进行检测,并与国家相关标准进行比较。结果显示,两种方法的符合率为100%,且该方法检测猪产气荚膜梭菌和猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌的特异性和敏感性均达到100%,Kappa值均为1。该方法的检测结果与国家或行业标准PCR的检测结果一致性较高,且克服了后者无法同时进行多重检测的缺点,最多可以同时检测45种病原,对于复杂症候群的快速和高通量检测具有重要临床意义。该方法可推广到其它多重病原体的检测中,显示出广阔的应用前景。