香荚兰根腐病原菌酯酶同工酶分析*

 香荚兰根腐病是影响香荚兰生产的一个制约因素，其病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌和茄类镰刀菌。试验应用同工酶电泳技术对引起香荚兰根腐病致病性不同的12个菌株(其中尖镰孢9株，茄镰孢3株)进行酯酶同工酶谱分析。结果发现酯酶同工酶的活性区主要集中在中间带区和快带区。对12个菌株的酯酶同工酶带的Rf值进行UPGMA聚类分析，发现在相似性0.71的水平上，能将尖孢镰刀菌和茄类镰刀菌区分；在相似性0.86的水平上，能将用传统的致病性鉴定方法鉴定出的强、中、弱致病菌株及非致病菌株分开。试验的目的在于寻找与致病性/非致病性相关的同工酶标记。     

尖镰孢酯酶同功酶的测定及其在专化型鉴定上的应用

对尖镰孢（ＦｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｐｓｐｏｒｕｍＳｃｈｌ．）酯酶同功酶的测定结果表明：不同培养条件对尖镰孢酯酶同功酶有明显影响，其酶带数，酶带颜色深浅、宽窄和Ｒｆ值都有明显差异，以培养液成分和培养液偏碱时影响较大，培养温度和培养天数影响较小。在同一培养条件下重复测定同一专化型，酶谱表现稳定，没有差异。测定黄瓜、西瓜、瓠瓜、冬瓜、棉花和芝麻上的尖镰胞的酯酶同功酶谱明显不同。这个方法可用于鉴定尖镰胞的专化型。     

不同杨树品种上杨干象幼虫酯酶同工酶的比较研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺不连续体系盘状电泳,研究和比较了不同杨树品种上的杨干象4龄幼虫酯酶同工酶。感虫杨树品种上的杨干象具有4条谱带,抗虫的具有5条谱带,多了一条迁移率为0.3的谱带,此带从无到有,越加明显、突出。从感虫到抗虫的杨树品种上的杨干象幼虫酯酶谱带有逐渐增加的趋势。这说明杨干象体内的酯酶参与次生有毒物质的代谢,并以此来适应寄生于抗虫的杨树品种上。     

艾灸对免疫系统作用的研究——Ⅰ.艾灸对家兔胸腺依赖淋巴细胞作用的研究

本项试验以酯酶染色法和E-玫瑰花环形成试验,对兔抢风、百会穴灸前及灸后不同时间(3、6、12、24、48、72、96小时)测定淋巴细胞值%,经148只次的测定结果表明:艾灸对T淋巴细胞表现有明显的激励作用(P<0.01),并呈现一定的规律性;灸后3小时T淋巴细胞值%开始升高,至24小时达高峰,然后逐渐下降.艾灸对T淋巴细胞的激励作用,可能是艾灸治病的机理之一。预示着,测定T淋巴细胞值有可能作为判定艾灸疗效的一种手段。     

THE STUDY ON ESTERASE AND PEROXIDASE ISOZYMES OF WHEAT LANDRACES FROM SHAANXI, CHINA

<正> The esterase and peroxidase isozymes of 63 landraces of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from Shaanxi province, China have been studied. The results showed as follows:Significant differences of either esterase or peroxidase isozymes were detected in both roots and shoots of seedling among landraces. E_3 and E_5 were special for roots; E_4, E_(10), E_(11), E_(12) and E_(13) only appeared in shoots. 2 types of isozyme patterns of esterase were involved in roots, but 4 types in shoots. No variation of peroxidase isozymes appeared in roots, but 3 variations arose in shoots. The roots showed more zymograms and more activity than the shoots in peroxidase isozyme.     

烟草与紫苏、罗勒及其远缘杂种F_1酯酶同工酶分析

利用远缘杂种8611×17Q与紫苏、Hicks与罗勒的杂交子代F1及其亲本进行酯酶同工酶对照分析。结果表明:两杂交组合8611×17Q与紫苏、Hicks与罗勒杂交子代F1的酶谱特征主要偏向于母本烟草,在其酶谱中发现都含有双亲同源的酶带和新增的双亲不含有的特异酶带,在Hicks与罗勒杂交组合子代酶谱中还发现了缺失了其母本的a1,c3酶带。通过以上同工酶分析,证明了两个杂交子代中分别传入了其父本药用植物紫苏与罗勒的遗传物质。此研究为远缘杂交种真伪鉴定提供一种简单有效的方法。     

芝麻隐性核不育系0176A不育株与可育株酯酶同工酶研究

以芝麻隐性核不育系0176A为材料,采用超薄层聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦电泳法研究分析0176A酯酶同工酶(EST)谱带数量和活性强弱与其育性的关系。结果表明:在蕾期的叶片和花药中,0176A不育株与可育株EST的谱带数量和活性强弱均有一定的差异,即不育株叶片、幼蕾和开放花花药中EST条带数多于相应的可育株,在PI 5.18时可育株比不育株酶活性强。利用EST这种表达上的差异性,可为快速鉴别出芝麻不育株和伪杂种提供参考依据。     

家蚕品种间游离氨基酸和酯酶同工酶的研究

家蚕血液中游离氨基酸总含量在品种间差异很大，最大开差可达２倍。蚕体合成丝素原料的丝氨酸、脯氨酸、苏氨酸、甘氨酸等４种氨基酸以及组氨酸、赖氨酸、胱氨酸在血液中含量较高。肠液中氨基酸总含量显著低于血液中，两者最大差值达２０倍，无相关性。品种间酯酶同工酶酶带的相似系数为０．６７～１．００，说明在某些品种问有较高的相似性，而在另一些品种间又有明显的差异性。     

Transcription and induction profiles of two esterase genes in susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus cinnabarinus

The carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus is the most serious of crop mite pests in China. Their ability to rapidly develop resistance to acaricides has caused difficulty in controlling this mite. In this study, the molecular mechanism of acaricide resistance associated with esterase genes TCE1 and TCE2 was investigated in susceptible and acaricide-resistant strains of T. cinnabarinus. The quantitative real-time PCR (qrtPCR) method was adopted to compare the expression level of two esterase genes TCE1 and TCE2 among four different strains (abamectin-resistant, AbR; fenpropathrin-resistant, FeR; omethoate-resistant, OmR and susceptible strains, S) of T. cinnabarinus. The relative expression level of TCE2 was 1.39-2.47 fold in the three resistant strains compared with the S strain. And after inducing with abamectin, fenpropathrin, and omethoate the highest expression level of TCE2 in the S was 1.64-, 2.92- and 2.24-fold compared with the control, respectively, and this difference was found to be significant. However, there was no obvious difference of the mRNA relative expression levels of TCE1 genes among the four strains, and those of TCE1 were not higher than the control throughout the study. Furthermore, the expression modes of TCE1 and TCE2 in AbR and FeR were similar with that in the S after being treated with abamectin and fenpropathrin, respectively. These results indicated that the enhanced expression of esterase gene TCE2 was associated with acaricide-resistance in T.cinnabarinus.     

旋孢腔菌种间杂交酯酶同工酶的变异

旋孢腔菌种间杂交酯酶同工酶的变异董金皋，王江柱，朱杰华，段慧军，王玉真（河北农业大学植保系，保定０７１００１）（河北农业大学教学试验场，保定０７１００１）关键词玉米；旋孢腔菌；酯酶同工酶ＶａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆＥｓｔｅｒａｓｅＩｓｏｚｙｍｅｓｏｆＩｎｔ...