作物生长模型同化SAR数据模拟作物生物量时域变化特征(英文)

生物量是监测作物长势的一个重要指标,可以反映作物的生长状况,和作物产量有密切关系。遥感获取生物量的方法之一是通过基于矢量辐射传输方程的微波冠层散射模型反演,但多数模型反演方法并未考虑作物生物量在不同阶段的变化特征。运用数据同化方法,将 SAR 数据提取的生物量信息和作物生长模型结合,描述作物生物量与时间变化的关系,提高生物量估测精度。通过分析生物量和 SAR 数据提取的后向散射系数的时域变化关系建立反演模型估算生物量。在构建代价函数的基础上,采用共轭梯度法对生长模型参数进行优化,使模型估算的生物量和SAR 数据反演的生物量差值最小。结果表明,引入 SAR 数据修正后的作物生长模型模拟生物量和实测值的时间分布基本吻合,且比未引入 SAR数据的结果精度有明显提高。因此采用 SAR 数据提取的作物实时生长信息可以修正作物生长模型关键参数以提高模拟生物量的精度。     

内蒙古杭锦旗北部盐碱田温湿盐动态与生产利用

为探析水-热-盐关系以及植被对盐碱田改良的意义,利用2008年8月2日-8月6日在内蒙古杭锦旗黄河灌区盐碱田进行的试验观测数据,主要通过方差分析与典型相关分析方法对3个样地(裸地、紫花苜蓿地和玉米地)土壤温度(0-30cm土层)、湿度(0-20cm土层)、盐度(0-100cm土层)的动态变化进行了分析。结果表明,3个样地的温(度)-湿(度)-盐(度)动态基本呈现裸地苜蓿地玉米地的格局;0-5cm地温与耕作层(0-20cm)的土壤水分具有显著相关关系,是0-30cm土层内地温驱动水盐动态的主要热力因子;植物能够减少土壤表层积盐,并可以降低碱化度;苜蓿地比玉米地具有更低的钠吸附比值。在盐碱地区选择耐盐碱牧草品种开展草田轮作,有益于盐碱土壤的改良与利用。     

利用SAR和pH分析脱硫石膏改良碱(化) 土壤的机理

通过对碱土和强碱化2种土壤施加不同数量脱硫石膏进行改良的大田试验研究,探讨了土壤N a+吸附比SAR以及土壤溶液pH值的变化规律。研究结果表明:经过1年的大田试验后,2种土壤的在(0~15 cm的SAR以及pH值较对照均有了明显的降低,且不同处理的试验效果差异较大。1年的大田试验对15 cm以下土层的pH值影响甚微。这说明经过1年的大田试验后,根区活动层范围内的土壤钠碱化度明显降低,土壤理化性质在一定程度得到了改善。由于供试土壤的渗透性较差,经过N a+-C a2+交换后,0~15 cm土乘代换出的盐分不能全部被淋洗排出土体,在土体下层附集,这无疑说明了碱土改良是一个较漫长的过程。在改良的初始阶段,强度碱化土壤的改良效果要优于碱土区的改良效果,这是由土壤原有的碱化程度以及土壤的理化性质决定的。     

Research advances of SAR remote sensing for agriculture applications: A review

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an effective and important technique in monitoring crop and other agricultural targets because its quality does not depend on weather conditions. SAR is sensitive to the geometrical structures and dielectric properties of the targets and has a certain penetration ability to some agricultural targets. The capabilities of SAR for agriculture applications can be organized into three main categories: crop identification and crop planting area statistics, crop and cropland parameter extraction, and crop yield estimation. According to the above concepts, this paper systematically analyses the recent progresses, existing problems and future directions in SAR agricultural remote sensing. In recent years, with the remarkable progresses in SAR remote sensing systems, the available SAR data sources have been greatly enriched. The accuracies of the crop classification and parameter extraction by SAR data have been improved progressively. But the development of modern agriculture has put forwarded higher requirements for SAR remote sensing. For instance, the spatial resolution and revisiting cycle of the SAR sensors, the accuracy of crop classification, the whole phenological period monitoring of crop growth status, the soil moisture inversion under the condition of high vegetation coverage, the integrations of SAR remote sensing retrieval information with hydrological models and/or crop growth models, and so on, still need to be improved. In the future, the joint use of optical and SAR remote sensing data, the application of multi-band multi-dimensional SAR, the precise and high efficient modeling of electromagnetic scattering and parameter extraction of crop and farmland composite scene, the development of light and small SAR systems like those onboard unmanned aerial vehicles and their applications will be active research areas in agriculture remote sensing. This paper concludes that SAR remote sensing has great potential and will play a more significant role in the various fields of agricultural remote sensing.     

华北平原海水灌溉对土壤性质和菊芋产量的影响

Irrigation with various dilutions of seawater can act as an alternate water resource and thus plays an important role in saving freshwater resources as well as promoting agriculture in the coastal semi-arid areas of the North China Plain. Jerusalem artichoke （Helianthus tuberosus L.） grown in a field experiment was irrigated with seawater diluted with freshwater from 2001 to 2003 to determine the feasibility of seawater irrigation in the Laizhou area. For treatments of CK （non-irrigation） along with seawater concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75%, total dissolved solid （TDS） in the non-irrigated soil significantly increased （P ≤ 0.05） in both 2002 and 2003 and was 1.3 times higher in 2003 than in 2001. In the 25% and 50% seawater concentration treatments, TDS in 2001 was significantly greater （P ≤ 0.05） than CK; however, TDS in these two treatments decreased by 34.9% and 40.1%, respectively, in 2003 compared with 2001. The sodium adsorption ratio （SAR） remained below 10 mmol^1/2 L^-1/2, indicating that alkalization was low with seawater irrigation. In 2001 and 2002, compared to CK and the irrigation treatment with 75% seawater, irrigation with 25% and 50% seawater increased the yields of Jerusalem .artichoke. This meant that Jerusalem artichoke could be safely grown in salt-affected land of Laizhou area with 25% and 50% seawater irrigation.     

Synthesis and Evaluation of New Ethyl 2,3- Dihydro-3-oxoisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine- 2-alkanoate Derivatives as Potential Herbicides

Several ethyl 2,3-dihydro-3-oxoisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-2-alkanoate derivatives were synthesized as herbicides. Only 5-methyl derivatives inhibited both hypocotyl and root growth in the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedling test at 100 mg litre^-1. Only ethyl propionate and valerate derivatives showed significant inhibition at 0·1 mg litre^-1, whereas ethyl acetate or butyrate derivatives were inactive. Contrary to unoxidized derivatives, the inhibitory effect of 1-oxide and 1,1-dioxide derivatives was strongly dependent on concentration; ethyl 2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-oxoisothiazolo[5,4-b]pyridine-2-propionate 1,1-dioxide inhibited 100% of germination at 100 mg litre^-1 and 45% of lettuce seedling growth at 0·1 mg litre^-1. Quantitative structure–inhibition of growth relationship analysis carried out by adaptive least-squares (ALS) method gave a good correlation with small and hydrophobic 5-substituents as well as with odd carbon-chain ethyl alkanoates in position 2. Active compounds did not show auxin-like activity from 0·1 to 100 mg litre^-1. © 1997 SCI.     

基于SVM的多光谱影像与SAR图像融合地物分类研究

多光谱遥感图像反映了不同地物的光谱信息,而SAR图像则反映了地表不同地物的后向散射强度信息。通过二者结合,可以实现优势信息互补,提高遥感影像分类的精度。多光谱影像与单波段单极化SAR图像融合分类有2种策略：一种是将SAR图像作为一个波段加入多光谱影像中进行分类;另一种先把多光谱影像与SAR图像融合,然后对融合后的图像进行分类。以成都市使用支持向量机分类方法对2种分类策略下的分类精度进行验证。结果表明,后者分类精度要高于前者,同时2种分类方法的分类精度都明显高于单独使用多光谱影像的分类精度。     

星载高分辨率SAR土地利用调查监测应用潜力评价

近年发射的1 m/3 m高分辨率合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR）卫星为多云多雾地区土地利用动态遥感监测提供了重要数据源。为进一步检测高分辨率SAR卫星的适用性,采用对比分析和统计评价法,对TERRASAR、COSMO SkyMed、RADARSAT-2高分辨率SAR卫星中1 m聚束模式和3 m条带模式数据新增建设用地监测能力进行综合评价。结果表明,1 m聚束模式新增建设用地属性识别准确率可达到80%,3 m条带模式识别准确率约75%,基本新增建设用地监测应用需要。