Human serum albumin interaction with paraquat studied using spectroscopic methods

The interaction between herbicide paraquat and human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by fluorescence and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. Paraquat can strongly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA by static quenching and nonradiative energy transferring; The hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions play a major role in stabilizing the complex. The binding site number n and apparent binding constant K_A, corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH, ΔS at different temperatures, were calculated. The distance r between donor (HSA) and acceptor (paraquat) was obtained according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The effect of paraquat on the conformation of HSA was analyzed using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据猪传染性胃肠炎病毒和猪肌动蛋白的基因序列设计合成了引物和探针,通过对荧光定量RT-PCR反应条件的优化,建立了TaqMan荧光定量RT-PCR检测TGEV的方法。同时对37份现地病料进行检测并与常规RT-PCR方法、TGEV抗原快速检测试剂盒比较。结果,该方法的检测敏感性达到15.3拷贝/μL,且具有很好的特异性和重复性,而常规RT-PCR方法只能检测到1.53×103拷贝/μL。对37份现地病料的检测结果也表明该法(检出17份)比常规RT-PCR方法(检出12份)和TGEV抗原快速检测试剂盒(免疫层析法,检出10份)的敏感性高。     

鹅黑素皮质素受体-4基因的克隆与序列分析

黑素皮质素受体-4（Melanocortin receptor-4,MC4R）是其黑素皮质素受体MCR（MC1-5R）家族成员之一,属G蛋白偶联受体。它可与瘦蛋白、神经肽、α-黑素细胞刺激素等一起调节动物体重和采食量。参考鸡MC4R基因序列设计引物,克隆并测序了鹅MC4R基因。结果表明,鹅MC4R基因编码区全长996 bp,其核苷酸序列与鸡的同源性为95.3%,与人、牛、猪等哺乳动物同源性在75%-79%;其氨基酸序列与鸡的同源性达到98.5%。构建哺乳类、鸟类和鱼类MC4R基因核苷酸进化树显示,鹅较早地与哺乳类动物分化开来。分析MC4R蛋白的氨基酸残基特性参数表明,MC4R的7次跨膜结构与MC4R的亲水性区域、电荷密度以及氨基酸残基位于表面概率的变化规律相一致。     

干法膨化宠物饲料技术参数关系的研究

采用双螺杆膨化机干法工艺对宠物全价粉状饲料进行膨化并制粒,研究所得产品的容重与淀粉糊化度、硬度指标之间的关系,以及设备参数和配方特性对颗粒饲料容重的影响。结果表明:容重与淀粉糊化度、硬度密切相关;设备参数与配方特性均对产品容重有极显著影响;通过容重的测定估测其熟度和硬度具有可行性;可以通过调节喂料速度和膨化玉米比例控制产品容重。     

遮光对青榨械光合速率及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

研究了遮光15％、35％、50％和全光照处理对青榨槭新梢生长、叶片色素含量、净光合速率以及叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明，随着遮光度增加，叶片色素含量增加，叶绿素a／b减小；叶片净光合速率（Pn）、初始荧光（Fo）、原初光能转化效率（Fv／Fm）和光化学猝灭系数（qP）增加，但非光化学猝灭系数（qN）降低。全光照和遮光15％处理条件下，Pn日变化呈双峰曲线，而35％和50％处理条件下呈单峰曲线；遮光35％和50％处理条件下Fv／Fm日变化幅度较小，15％和全光照处理条件下Fv／Fm日变化呈先上升后下降再上升趋势。50％遮光处理青榨槭幼苗Pn最高，新梢年生长量最大，可在育苗生产中应用。     

绿僵菌无纺布菌条制作工艺

在接种优良液体种子的基础上，以单位面积的产孢量为指标，筛选了制作多种蛀干害虫的病原——绿僵菌无纺布菌条的最佳营养组合及培养条件。结果表明，最佳营养条件为（g／L）：白砂糖20g、黄豆粉40g、蛋白胨6g；琼脂含量对产孢量无显著影响；最佳培养条件为：25℃下，相对湿度（RH）95％，产孢量可达3．6×10^8～3．7×10^8孢子／cm^2。     

抗病毒剂对烟草花叶病毒与烟草叶绿体互作的影响

通过测试被烟草花叶病毒（ＴＭＶ）侵染的烟叶片叶绿素含量与荧光光谱特征的变化,发现叶绿素含量随ＴＭＶ侵染时间的延长而降低,Ｆ６８５／Ｆ７４０比值随ＴＭＶ侵染时间的延长而增加。用叶绿素含量、荧光光谱特征可作为筛选抗植物病毒剂的指标。实验结果表明：８种植物抽提物中,紫草、月季抽提物抑制ＴＭＶ与叶绿体的结合活性高。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地纵向沙垅表面沙物质粒度特征

本文对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地纵向沙垅表面沙粒、丘间地沙粒进行了粒度分析。结果表明,沙垅以极细沙为主,平均粒径３．０６Φ,沙粒从沙垅迎风侧到背风侧逐渐变细。沙丘沙比丘间地沙分选好,沙垅背风侧比迎风侧分选好。沙粒属极负偏,偏度－０．２２,丘间地沙比沙丘沙更趋向负偏。峰度１．３８,属尖峰态。粒径与偏度和峰度成正相关,分选和偏度成良好负相关。沙丘沙以单峰态为主,累积频率曲线为２～３段式,丘间地以双峰态为主,累积频率曲线为３～４段。大尺度地形对沙粒段式没有影响,对各段组分含量相对大小有影响。     

低温胁迫对温州蜜柑光合作用的影响

低温处理使温州蜜柑叶片的气孔导度、净光合速率、光合表观量子效率及光合作用的光饱和光强和ＣＯ２饱和浓度降低,细胞间隙ＣＯ２浓度、光补偿点和ＣＯ２补偿点提高。虽然１０℃处理植株数小时后即出现光合速率下降,但叶绿素荧光测定结果显示,只有在３℃低温处理后,反映光系统Ⅱ光化学效率的Ｆｖ／Ｆｍ比值和Ｔ１／２才有较明显下降,而Ｆ０则明显升高。低温在３０～４０μｍｏｌ·ｍ－２·ｓ－１弱光下对光合的影响明显大于黑暗下。     

Comparative Study of Nutrient Deficiencies on Growth and Photochemistry of Tobacco

Abstract

Element deficiencies, such as molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), lead to disturbances of morphological and physiological processes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). On exposure to nutrient solution without Mo, leaf morphology was significantly affected, whereas photosynthetic processes conserved their normal activities. The decreased Mo, Fe, and Ca concentrations in tobacco were associated with loss of pigments and photosynthetic disturbances. In Ca‐deficient plants a reduction in the rate constant of energy trapping by PSII centers and a physical dissociation of LHC from PSII core, were observed. The poisonous action of Fe and Ca deficiencies focused mainly in the decreased proportion of active chlorophyll associated with the reaction center (RC) of PSII (decreased F _v /F ₀) and in the declined total number of electrons that have gone through the RCs (decreased Area/F _m  ? F ₀). In parallel, the non‐photochemical quenching coefficient was significantly enhanced in Fe and Ca‐deficient plants, but remained unchanged in Mo‐deficient plants. It is obvious that nutrient deficiency may trigger some protective mechanisms in order to PSII could maintain its activity under that type of stress.