牛GDF9和BMP15基因遗传变异与双胎性状的关系研究

以生长分化因子9(Growth differentiation factor 9,GDF9)基因和骨形态发生蛋白15(Bone morphogenet-ic protein 15,BMP15)基因作为牛双胎性状的候选基因,研究了它们在鲁西牛、秦川牛、南阳牛和中国荷斯坦牛4个品种中的遗传变异,并在鲁西牛群体中研究了其多态位点与双胎性状的关系。结果表明:在鲁西牛中GDF9基因的3′UTR发现缺失突变,而其它3个品种中没有发现该突变。对鲁西牛群体中该多态位点与单、双胎性状之间进行卡方显著性检验表明,单胎牛群体与双胎牛群体基因型分布有极显著的差异(P=0.006),双胎牛群体的B等位基因频率明显大于单胎牛群体。通过生物信息学分析表明,突变体mRNA的二级结构与野生型相比总自由能值差异不大,但突变体mRNA翻译起始位点的二级结构稳定性明显大于野生型。在鲁西牛、南阳牛和秦川牛的BMP15基因中发现编码区第759~762位有GAAA 4个碱基存在缺失突变,但没有检测到突变纯合个体,中国荷斯坦牛中没有检测到该突变。卡方显著性检验表明单胎牛群体和双胎牛群体在该位点基因型组成差异不显著(P=0.947)。     

繁殖性状的杂种优势与基因效应分析

测定杜长大三元杂交体系和斯格配套系各杂交组合的繁殖性能,计算出繁殖性状的杂种优势率;选用5个与繁殖性状紧密连锁的微卫星标记对测定个体进行基因型检测,利用混合效应线性模型计算出繁殖性状各位点的基因效应。结果表明:斯格祖代猪与父母代猪产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔数、断奶窝重的差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),父母代猪与祖代猪的初生窝重差异显著(P<0.05),斯格父母代猪的产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔数和断奶窝重与长大母猪的差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01),斯格父母代猪与长大母猪的初生窝重差异显著(P<0.05),初生重、断奶重杂优率低,其余各性状的杂种优势率处于较高水平。显性效应在初生窝重、断奶窝重的杂种优势中起着很重要作用,加性效应是初生重和断奶重杂种优势的主要遗传学基础,产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔数的杂种优势的产生存在上位效应。     

促生长激素释放肽-2对雅南生长猪生产性能、胴体性状和血液生化指标的影响

试验研究注射促生长激素释放肽(GHRP-2)对雅南猪生产性能、胴体性状和血液生化指标的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,试验组隔天肌肉注射20μg/kg BW GHRP-2,对照组隔天注射同等剂量的生理盐水。试验期为4周。结果表明:与对照组相比,注射20μg/kgBW GHRP-2显著提高了蛋白质的消化利用率和血清中总蛋白的水平;有提高日增重、饲料转化率的趋势,但不影响日采食量;对猪胴体性状没有明显影响。     

水稻品种抗稻瘿蚊与主要农艺性状的关系

对水稻品种抗稻瘿蚊与主要农艺性状关系的研究结果表明,水稻品种抗稻瘿蚊与其分蘖力、始穗期、抽穗期、齐穗期、生育期、株高、有效穗、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重的相关均不显著。水稻品种抗稻瘿蚊与其主要农艺性状并无矛盾,在抗稻瘿蚊育种中可以选育出高产且抗性强的品种。     

Roles of Root Aerenchyma Development and Its Associated QTL in Dry Matter Production under Transient Moisture Stress in Rice

Abstract

Enhanced aerenchyma development in rice under transient drought-to-waterlogged (TD-W) stress promotes root system development by promoting lateral root production. This study analyzed the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the plasticity in aerenchyma development under TD-W stress. A mapping population of 60 F₂ genotypes of chromosome segment substituted lines (CSSL) derived from CSSL47 and Nipponbare crosses were grown in rootboxes and evaluated for shoot and root growth, and aerenchyma development (expressed as root porosity). The TD-W stress was imposed starting with water saturated soil condition at sowing and then to progressive drought from 0 to 21 days after sowing (DAS) prior to exposure to sudden waterlogging for another 17 days (21 to 38 DAS). We performed simple and composite interval mapping to identify QTLs for aerenchyma development. QTL associated with aerenchyma development was mapped on the short-arm of chromosome 12 and designated as qAER-12. The effect of qAER-12 on the plasticity in aerenchyma development under TD-W was significantly associated with the increase in lateral root elongation and branching. This resulted in greater root system development as expressed in total root length and consequently contributed to higher dry matter production. This qAER-12 is probably the first reported QTL associated with aerenchyma development in rice under TD-W and is a useful trait for the improvement of the adaptive capability under fluctuating soil moisture conditions.     

猪繁殖-呼吸综合征病毒上海株的分离鉴定

从上海地区５个发病猪场的病料中，分离到３株致Ｍａｒｃ－１４５细胞病变的病毒：ＳＨ１、ＳＨ２和ＳＨ３，理化特性研究表明，３株分离毒均对氯仿、乙醚、甲醛、热（５６℃）、酸（ｐＨ６以下）、碱（ｐＨ８以上）敏感。负染可见病毒以大小不等的具囊膜的球形粒子为主，囊膜上有纤突，直径为６０￣１００ｎｍ；超薄切片可见病毒粒子分散在细胞浆内，直径为４５￣８０ｎｍ。间接免疫荧光试验表明，３株分离毒均与ＰＲＲＳＶ高免血清呈强阳性反应，而与ＨＣＶ、ＰＰＶ、ＰＲＶ、ＴＧＥＶ高免血清的反应均呈阴性。综上可见，所分离的病毒为ＰＲＲＳＶ。     

高温对黄瓜生殖生长及产量形成的影响

黄瓜不同品系的耐热方式存在多样性。与不耐热品系新泰密刺相比 ,高温下品系EP 6通过较高的雌花节率和较强的单性结果能力耐热 ;品系XC 1通过较多的总生长节位和较高的雄蕊及花粉活力耐热 ;品系NY 1则在上述产量形成的诸因子中均有一定优势。在播种后 10～ 50d内 ,黄瓜遭遇高温的苗龄越小 ,产量下降就越多。高温减少黄瓜雌花的效应具有后作效果。     

^60Co—γ射线诱发的籼型温敏核不育水稻叶色突变系变异分析

＾６０Ｃｏ－γ射线诱发的８个灿温敏核不育系水稻叶色突变系可分为三种类型，即叶色突变高温表达型、低温表达型及温钝型。     

Characteristics of Reproductive Biology for Larix Originating in Japan

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锰缺乏对蛋鸡生殖性能的影响

父母代罗曼蛋鸡４８只，随机分两组，低锰（基础日粮含锰１２．０４ｍｇ／ｋｇ）和补锰对照日粮（基础日粮＋锰８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）试验期３２周，饲喂至５～８周时，少数缺锰雏鸡出破跛行和跟腱滑脱，锰缺乏时，对蛋鸡生殖性能的影响主要表现为；缺锰公鸡睾丸较小，曲细精管生殖上皮分化较迟，缺锰母鸡产蛋率较低（Ｐ〈０．０５），蛋黄锰含量极显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），母鸡血清中促卵泡素和公鸡睾酮含量，缺锰鸡均显著或极显