Development of a rapid assay for the diagnosis of Myxobolus cerebralis in fish and oligochaetes using loop-mediated isothermal amplification

A loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay was developed for the rapid detection of Myxobolus cerebralis in both fish and oligochaete hosts. The assay was optimized to amplify parasitic DNA by incubation with Bst DNA polymerase and a set of six specially constructed primers at 65 degrees C for 60 min. The amplification products were detected visually using SYBR Green I dye which gave identical results to gel electrophoresis analysis. Parasite DNA was detected from infected oligochaetes, and from the anal fin, caudal fin, dorsal fin and operculum of clinically infected fish. This 'Myxo-LAMP' assay has a detection limit similar to that of a polymerase chain reaction assay (10(-6)), but is more rapid and only requires a water bath for amplification and is therefore practical for simple and rapid diagnosis of infected tissue.     

发酵型冬虫夏草菌茶的制备工艺研究

以绿茶为主要原料,配伍麦麸组成固体培养基,接种冬虫夏草菌进行固体发酵培养,加工冬虫夏草菌茶。结果显示,冬虫夏草菌在茶叶为主料添加麦麸的培养基上长势良好,通过L9（34）正交试验,以菌茶粗多糖含量为指标,筛选出培养基最优配方为茶叶60 g、麦麸30 g、碳酸钙0.4 g、蔗糖1.2 g。在料水比为5∶3（w·v-1）培养基上,接种12%（mL·g-1）冬虫夏草液体菌种,24℃培养12 d,55℃烘干,粉碎包装。成品菌茶汤为酒红色,香气清淡,无絮状物沉淀,pH值7.28,菌茶粗多糖含量为7.566%,茶多酚含量为1.488%。     

Residential runoff – The role of spatial density and surface cover,with a case study in the Höjeå river catchment,southern Sweden

Depending on the spatial density of built cover and location within a catchment, residential areas make varying contributions to surface runoff throughout different rainfall events. This study examined these contributions and the associated effect of different surface covers and sustainable drainage systems on runoff generation. The Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN) method was applied to analyse urban development in the Höjeå river catchment in southern Sweden.The results indicated that identical amounts of surface runoff are generated by low-density residential areas on heavy clay soils and high-density residential areas on sandy soils. However, increasing the density of built-up areas on sandy soils is likely to be more disruptive to the hydrological balance and to generate a greatly increasing difference in runoff as building density and impermeable surface area increase. A similar pattern is likely to occur if rainfall intensity increases. It may therefore be appropriate to apply different planning considerations to residential developments depending on the existing soil group, e.g. conserving existing vegetated surfaces on sandy soil and incorporating permeable paving materials and sub-surface infiltration beds in development on clayey soils. Increased area of impermeable surface cover will increase surface runoff in all residential areas, irrespective of building density, soil group and rainfall intensity. However, adapting a systems approach in combining vegetative structures and permeable paving materials with subsurface infiltration beds can help mitigate the impact of surface runoff, particularly in urban developments on clay-rich soils.     

Green roof vegetation type affects germination and initial survival of colonizing woody species

Green roofs provide a number of valuable ecosystem services compared to conventional roofs, but may require yearly maintenance. Trees and other woody plants that persist on the roof may damage or overload shallow-substrate green roofs and their removal is a standard maintenance procedure. The germination potential of colonizing species may differ depending on the vegetation surrounding them. The aim of this study was to determine whether the germination of colonizing tree species (Picea glauca and Ulmus glabra) will vary depending on which plant species form the established vegetation seeds land in. To determine germination success, survival, and seed capture ability of the plant canopy, tree seeds were added either directly to the growing medium or atop the plant canopy, in replicated monocultures of 14 species native to Nova Scotia. When seeds were added directly to the soil, no significant difference was detected between the monocultures for germination success or survival for U. glabra or P. glauca. However, when the seeds were added atop the plant canopy, percent germination of U. glabra was significantly higher in Carex argyrantha green roof modules. Overall, sod forming graminoids showed higher germination of U. glabra. The number of seeds reaching the soil was typically lower in vegetation with a denser canopy. This study demonstrates that some vegetation repels colonizing tree species by reducing ground contact. Although these effects differed according to tree species, non-vegetated substrates enhanced seedling persistence. Additionally, the majority of tree seeds that germinated failed to survive a single growing-season on shallow-substrate green roofs.     

大亚湾翡翠贻贝增养殖技术及效果的研究

１９９２－１９９４年在大亚湾西北部的哑铃湾开展翡翠贻贝的延绳式及筏式吊养增养殖试验，养殖面积约９．１ｈａ，总产量４０６ｔ。种苗来源中有４０％为人工培育苗，其余为天然苗。两种吊养方式的贻贝经１至１．５年的养殖，壳长可达７０－８０ｍｍ。研究结果表明，人工苗可补充天然苗的不足，延绳式为最佳养殖方法。     

北京市“当家树”改变的意义和作用

2013年8月,“北京市主要常规造林树种目录”正式公布,主要特点就在于大大突出本地优良树种的地位,包括原生性森林类型中的许多建群种和优势种,如椴树、栎树、槭树和白蜡树等。这是我国绿化造林历史中的巨大变革,有利于生态文明和生态城镇建设。该文简要地探讨了这方面的某些问题,提出相应的意见,供有关部门参考。     

柑橘病虫害绿色防控技术

介绍了检疫控制（包括严格执行检疫措施、新柑橘园选址须征询当地植保植检站或植物检疫站意见、建立检疫性和外来危险性有害生物监测点,及时抽样送检、切实搞好柑橘溃疡病的封锁控制）、农业防控（包括选用优良抗性砧木品种和无病毒苗木、科学修剪,改善通风条件、及早摘除橘树上大实蝇有虫果、冬、春清园、翻耕、保护利用天敌、加强栽培管理、果实套袋、主干刷白、适期采收）、物理防控（包括灯光诱杀、人工捕杀）、理化诱控（包括黄板诱杀、性诱剂诱杀、食诱剂诱杀）和科学用药等柑橘病虫害绿色防控技术及各项技术的适用范围。     

横峰县水稻病虫绿色防控技术示范推广及效益

横峰县主要示范推广的水稻病虫害绿色防控技术包括稻田耕沤灭螟技术;抗病、抗虫品种推广使用技术;生物农药防控病虫技术;灯光诱控害虫技术;性诱剂诱控技术;“三高三低”农药防治病虫害技术。采取的示范推广措施主要包括加强领导、技术培训和宣传、示范与推广相结合和确保项目实施经费的到位。项目实施以来,示范区水稻病虫为害损失率控制在5%以下,比非示范目区为害损失率降低2.5%~5.3%,平均降低3.9%,,示范区比非示范区每季每667m2防治次数减少1.5~2.5次,平均减少2次,节约防治成本15.32元,增收稻谷22.9kg,增收节支82.32元。2009-2013年全县累计推广面积4万hm2,增收稻谷1374万kg,增收节支4939.2万元,取得了显著的社会、经济和生态效益。     

西安市不同绿化参数与Pm^2.5浓度的关联性研究

以探讨西安市城区绿化覆盖率、绿化密度、绿化植被类型三者与空气中Pm^2.5浓度之间的关系为目的,选取了西安市区内7个监测点为代表点,测量范围为监测点方圆400m,约50万m^2.从2013年8 ～11月,历时4个月,每天获取监测点提供的PMt2.5浓度值.结果表明,提高总体绿化密度,采用适合的绿化植被种类,能够在一定程度上降低空气中的Pm^2.5浓度,提高空气质量.     

基于ARMA模型的运城市果蔬肉类价格预测研究

[目的]预测果蔬肉类价格。[方法]采用自回归滑动平均模型(ARMA模型)对价格进行预测。[结果]近6周的预测结果可信度高,具有较低的相对误差率。[结论]运用ARMA模型可对果蔬肉类价格进行预测且预测效果良好。