栗疫病菌对板栗几丁质酶活性的诱导

以板栗 (Castanea mollissima Bl.)实生苗和嫁接苗 (怀黄 )为试材 ,研究了栗疫病菌 (Cryphonectriaparasitica)菌块、CFE、ME等对板栗几丁质酶的诱导 ,测定了几丁质酶活性、比活性 ,并对其进行初步纯化。结果表明 ,菌块对板栗几丁质酶总活性、比活性的诱导效果最佳 ;接种后 35～ 4 0 h几丁质酶活性持续上升并达到高峰 ,之后开始下降。能够同时检测到板栗几丁质酶的内切酶和外切酶 ,以内切酶活性稍高。初步确定板栗几丁质酶的分子质量为 6 0 ku     

六种杀菌剂对茄子绵疫病菌的室内毒力测定

采用菌丝生长抑制法测定了啶酰菌胺、嘧菌酯及氟吗啉等6种杀菌剂对茄子绵疫病菌(Phytophthora parasitica)的室内活性。结果表明,20%氟吗啉可湿性粉剂的抑制效果最好,其次为50%啶酰菌胺水分散粒剂和100 g/L氰霜唑悬浮剂;50%嘧菌酯水分散粒剂随着药量的增加,抑制率增长并不显著,但其EC50不是很高;40%百菌清悬浮剂和722 g/L霜霉威盐酸盐水剂两种药剂对茄子绵疫病菌的防效较低,抑制菌丝生长的效果较弱。     

拮抗细菌对烟草黑胫病的防治效果研究

采用温室盆栽试验测试5株芽孢杆菌属生防细菌对烟草黑胫病的拮抗作用。结果表明,拮抗细菌芽孢杆菌1205对苗期烟草黑胫病有较稳定的防治效果,其分泌物还有促进烟株生长的作用,经鉴定1205菌株为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。     

植物源药剂防治烟草黑胫病的研究进展

综述了烟草黑胫病病原菌形态及生理、发病规律、致病机理以及我国防治烟草黑胫病的植物源药剂筛选等方面的研究进展,并展望了其发展趋势。     

Characterization and inheritance of partial resistance to downy mildew, Peronospora parasitica, in breeding material of broccoli, Brassica oleracea convar. botrytis var. italica

Twenty doubled haploid broccoli lines from breeding material were evaluated for resistance to Peronospora parasitica at the seedling stage. All lines supported sporulation of the pathogen but to varying extents and intensities. Partial resistance of the more resistant lines,‘br8’and ‘br9′, reduced conidia production on cotyledons by 50-70% compared with the most susceptible lines. Inoculation of the two most resistant lines with 13 isolates of different geographical origins revealed that ‘br9′, showed a rather uniform level of resistance to all isolates while ‘br8’showed some isolate specificity Partial resistance was evaluated in six of the broccoli lines in a half diallel set of crosses. Disease assessment of seedlings showed that additive genetic effects explained 45.8% and 31.8% of the total variation of sporulation score and conidia production, respectively This suggests that recurrent selection for partial resistance to P. parasitica in early generation in breds or in populations of broccoli will be efficient to obtain cotyledon resistance.     

运用致病毒素筛选抗烟草黑胫病细胞突变体I抗毒素愈伤组织的有效筛选

以６０Ｃｏ－γ射线照射烟草优质感病品种的花药作为诱变手段,用烟草黑胫病疫霉菌粗毒素为筛选剂,对烟草花粉植株叶片的愈伤组织,进行抗病突变体细胞的筛选．试验表明：毒素对烟草愈伤组织的存活和增殖有明显的抑制作用,抑制程度随毒素浓度提高而加强,同一浓度对不同品种也存在着差异．综合毒素浓度对烟草愈伤组织抑制、增殖程度及筛选的有效性,初步认为：筛选红大和Ｋ３２６抗黑胫病突变体细胞的最适粗毒素浓度分别为３０％和４５％．所筛选出的抗病突变体细胞,其细胞水平的抗性与再生植株的抗病性鉴定相吻合．     

运用致病毒素筛选抗烟草黑胫病细胞突变体Ⅱ 抗毒素愈伤组织的再生植株及其后代的抗病性鉴定

用黑胫病粗毒素作为选择压力, 结合辐射诱变技术, 从烟草花粉植株叶片的愈伤组织中筛选出抗毒素的愈伤组织, 并对其再生植株及其 Ｍ２ 代进行抗病性鉴定、选育． 目前已获得６ 个高抗黑胫病的细胞突变株系, 且抗病性状表现稳定, 并建立了一套烤烟抗黑胫病突变体的筛选和鉴定体系． 研究结果表明, 在细胞水平上筛选抗病突变体是开发新抗源的有效途径．     

烯酰吗啉对我国烟草黑胫病菌的毒力研究

从山东和云南烟区采集分离了20个烟草黑胫病菌Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae菌株,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了烯酰吗啉对这些菌株的毒力。结果表明:20个田间菌 株的EC50值在0.60~1.28 μg/mL之间,与实验室保存的敏感菌株(S)的EC50 值(0.32 μg/mL) 相比,毒力倍数在1.87~4.00之间,均属于敏感菌株。烯酰吗啉对烟草黑胫病菌孢子囊的产生有明显的抑制作用,8.00 μg/mL的烯酰吗啉对孢子囊产生的抑制率为100％。通过烯酰吗啉对烟草黑胫病菌继代培养物的毒力比较证明,烟草黑胫病菌对烯酰吗啉存在抗性风险。     

Multilocus PCR assay reveals high diversity of vegetative compatibility types in populations of Cryphonectria parasitica in Croatia

The ascomycete fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, causal agent of chestnut blight, is probably one of the best known invasive fungal pathogens in forests of Europe and North America. Mycovirus that reduces virulence of C. parasitica can be used as a biocontrol agent of the chestnut blight. However, anastomosis‐mediated virus transmission is limited by a vegetative (in)compatibility (vc) system involving at least six known diallelic vic genetic loci. This study looked at vegetative compatibility (vc) diversity in two populations of C. parasitica in Croatia. For that purpose, a PCR assay was validated and implemented using already known/published and newly designed primers for amplification of six known vic loci. The vc genotypes determined by PCR for 158 C. parasitica isolates investigated in this study were in complete agreement with the vc genotypes determined by pairwise co‐culturing of the same isolates, revealing the specificity and accuracy of the PCR‐based molecular vic genotyping assay. Twenty‐six unique vc genotypes were found among 158 isolates, and 19 vc types per population, which makes Croatian C. parasitica populations among the most diverse in Europe regarding the number of vc types and genetic diversity. Low values of multilocus linkage disequilibrium suggest sexual reproduction as a major contributor to high C. parasitica genetic diversity in studied populations.